Ntoa ea Stalingrad - karolo e sa haholo ka morero a atlehile?

Ntoa ea Stalingrad e 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa lekholong la lilemo la XX. Qetellong ea eona, le Wehrmacht lahlehileng 16% ya basebetsi le chelete e khōlō ea thepa ea sesole. Ka mor'a ntoa ena ho pholletsa le lefatše, ho ile ha hlaka hore Hitler o ne a ke ke ba hapa ntoeng, 'me putlama lona - e le feela taba ea nako.

Kajeno Leha ho le joalo, ba bang ba bo-rahistori ba pheha khang ea hore ho be le tlhōlo ea Red Army ka etsang hore ho hlōloa tse feletseng tsa Manazi ka 1943, 'me ba na le lebaka le utloahalang la sena.

Ntoa ea Stalingrad e-ba le haufi le ho ho oa ha Hitlerism qala. Ho ka aroloa mekhahlelo e 'meli: itšireletsa le khopisang. Ho qala ka bohareng ba bo-July 1942 ho November 18, le lihlopha tsa masole a General Weiss, molaoli oa Army Group "B", ba hlasela Stalingrad Front. sera ne ba bang ba sebelisa monyetla ka manpower le thepa, 'me ka hare ho khoeli o ile a khona ho oust boemo ba loanelang motse. Mothating ona, e leng la 31 July, Hitler o ile a etsa phoso mosolotogamaano, e neng e ka etsa hore motho a ka ho feletseng ho hlōloa Wehrmacht sesole. O ile a lahlela bone Panzer Army ho tswa ho Caucasus libakeng tse Volga ka tšepo ea boiteko bo eketsehileng ho senya ho hanyetsa.

Jeremane taelo ea nahana hore ntoa bakeng sa Stalingrad ke le haufi le ho ho tlatswa ka katleho. Motse oo o ile a khona ho senya ka, 'me esita le hapa ho fetisisa. Ka mor'a hore libomo e meholohali le litlhaselo tse phehellang semicircle atamela metshetshe lona e taba ho nōka. Lekala la Propaganda Goebbels a ithorisa hore bo4 Army tanka basebetsi tšela ka likoloi tsa bona radiators Volga metsi, 'me e ne e le' nete. le basireletsi ba 'nile ba sitoa ho naha phepelo le pelehi tsa mahlaahlela, meriana le lijo le metsi e ne e le thata ka ho fetisisa.

Ka mocheso oa litlaleho tse hlōla feela litsebi tse ling li sesole ile a bua ka 'nete ea hore ntoa bakeng sa Stalingrad o neng o le boemong bo linthong tsa tlhaho, le Jeremane 6th Army ne a ka amohuoa le monyetla oa ho ipetlela litsela, bogged fatše ntoeng seterata har'a lithako tsa matlo. mabotho a hae ba ile ba qhalakantsoeng tse ngata 'me ba makholo ba celow podrozy. Tahlehelo e khōlō ea bophelo eo jereng Wehrmacht nakong tse makholo a hlasela, ha mo qeta bokgoni ba khopisa.

Mothating ona, Union General Staff ntshetswa pele moralo tlas'a eo lebotho lena Pauluse o lokela ho pota-potiloe 'me a timetsa,' me joale letsa kaofela Rostov Caucasian sehlopha hape khaola le thibetsoeng, e ne ho tla bolela ho putlama feletseng tsa mochine Jeremane ntoa. Sebakeng se maqiti bohlokoa ile tightened pokello, mabotho a ba mekga e ka ba limilione ba lihlopha, 'me molemo e ne e le lehlakoreng la Soviet Union. Ho kenya tshebetsong plan rata maemo a lokela ho etsa kopo ya sebadi-litlhaselo tse ke Don Front Rokossovsky le ka boroa-bophirimela Front Vatutin. Karolo e khōlō ea morero oa e ne e le Ntoa ea Stalingrad. La 19 November tšoaea ho qaleha ha khopisa ho pota-pota ka Sejeremane 6th Army.

Tlatselitse hore katleho ea boemo ba leholimo maemo (serame, ho kopantswe le e nyenyane palo ya lehloa), tlang Hitler mosolotogamaano liphoso, ho thibeloa Pauluse ho ikhule, fokolang ntoa litšobotsi life tsa ho Seromania le Setaliana masole, a entse selekane sa Jeremane, sireletseng le flanks. Ka Kalach seteishene la 23 November countered e ka boroa-bophirimela le Don shebaneng koala encirclement. Gott Panzer Army, e leng o ile a leka ho senya se thibela likepe, "ile a utloa bohloko le ho hlajoa ke lihlong."

The khopisang Union ka khōlo e ne li sa etsahale ka lebaka la ho bo phehellang le ka nako e telele ho hanyetsa pota-potiloe ke masole a Jeremane. masole a Wehrmacht, 'me ho ne ho e fetang 300 tse sekete, a loana le boemong ba ho hloka tšepo ho fihlela February 1943, feela fuoa moea. E le hore ho qoba tahlehelo e khōlō, e Red Army itsohlometsa eaba motse, e fokolang ho qhomisoa ha libomo le libomo. Tse supileng mabotho Union e neng e tšoaretsoe Majeremane a pota-potiloe ka lesale, se ke ra lumella ho phonyoha ho tloha moo.

The hanyetsa manganga oa lebotho la Pauluse o ile a thusa ho fana ka taelo Jeremane ho boloka le ho hula ho tswa ho sehlopha Caucasus ba mabotho, ntle le e leng ntoa e ka ho eketsehileng e ne e tla ahlotsoeng ho e hlōloa pele.

History ha a mamelle ho feto-fetoha subjunctive. E neng e tla ba teng, haeba Pauluse a nehelane ka eena pejana kajeno, o ka feela ho haha nkuwa sebete. Linnete li bolela hore ntoa ea Stalingrad ea e-ba naheng e 'ngoe, ka mor'a moo batho ba Soviet Union' me a entse selekane le bona ho atleha e ha e sa ba belaela.