Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše - e ke ... Joang ba bangata ba malapeng lintoa historing ea Russia

Ha, nakong ea ntoa sechaba sohle se hlaha ho sireletsa naha ea habo, ho sa tsotellehe sehlopha sa le leruo, ka nako eo e bitsoa ruuoang. Ka mantsoe a mang, World Ntoa - ke ha batho ba loanela naha ea habo bona, ho ba le bolokolohi ba eona le tokoloho ho tswa ho ba tlil'o hlaseloa ke eseng ka ho qobelloa, empa ka lebaka la seo ba se lumelang le melao ea boitšoaro.

Kamoo lintoa tse ngata ka ho Russia li nkoa e ruuoang

Naha Russia e ile ea pele e bitsoang ntoa le Napoleon. Official melao-taelo ea boemo ba malapeng a lintoa tse peli:

1. Ho rata naha Ntoa ea 1812.
2. The Great rata naha Ntoa.

Le ka 1812, ba le ka 1945 batho ba Russia o ile a hlōla sera, a sireletsa e ikemetse ea boemo bona. mabotho a Russia tsa bontsoa Paris ka 1814. A tlhōlo tšoanang e ne e le Berlin ka 1945. Tlhōlo ena e chelete ea naha 'me batho ba teng ba tsitsipano e khōlō.

Ntle le taba ea hore bana ba ntoa o ile a nka chelete e ngata ea chelete le lintho tse bonahalang matlotlo tahlehelo e khōlō haholo e ne e le ho lahleheloa ke batho ba likete (1812-1814) 'me ba limilione (1941-1945) batho. Ho sa tsotellehe sena, Russia e sireletsa statehood lona, 'me ka lebaka la ho hlōla lintoa tsena e ne e le moholo le tšusumetso e matla lefatšeng ka matla.

tlhaselo Napoleon o ka mabotho a Russia

ntoa Russia le Fora ka mor'a 1810 e ne e le ka litsela tse ngata tsa mabaka a ke keng ea qojoa geopolitical, empa motheo ka puo ea khale tsa tšimoloho ea eona e ne e le ho tlōla ba selekane ba Tilsit. Ho qala ho la 12 August, 1812, ba ha masole a Napoleon o tšoara Russia qhobosheane ea Kovno. The khohlano qala ka letsatsi. palo ea lebotho la pele e ne e le batho ba 240.000.

Sesoleng Russia ha e nkiloe ke makala ha ke tlhaselo eo, e le bobeli khopisa le ho itšireletsa merero bakeng sa ntoa le mabotho a Napoleon o ne ba nkoa ho tloha 1810. Ntoa ea pele morao pele Napoleon ne lihlopha tsa masole a ka 1 st, le 2 eff Army. Army pele eteletsoe pele ke Barclay de Khao Tolly, 'me ea bobeli - Bagration. The palo ea masole a lebotho e ne e le 153.000, e neng e hlometseng ka 758 lithunya.

Likhukhuni ntoeng e le karolo ea naha

mofuta o mong oa ho hanyetsa mabotho a sesole Napoleon e ne e le likhukhuni sisinyehang. Ke qeto ea lebotho la Russia ile ha thehoa diyuniti mobile, tse ka katleho ho sebetsa ka mor'a lireng. Empa ka tsa bona, ntle ho tšehetso ea baahi, ba ne ba tla sitoa ho etsa mesebetsi ea bona. Support ba sechaba bontšitse hore ho hanyetsa Napoleon - ea sebele World Ntoa ea II. Ena e se e proven le militia e - sa balemi ba kenya letsoho ntoeng, 'me ba fane ka lebotho la Russia le likhukhuni le lijo le furu.

The balemi ka litsela tsohle sentseng ka ditaelo le dikopo ho tloha French. Ba ile ba hana ho fana ka tsona ka lijo - chesa mehloli eohle ea bona, kahoo ba ile ba ha ba ho sera sa leha e le efe. Esita le chesa matlo a bona, 'me joale kena ka morung' me a ikopanya le lingangele. Heroes ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše ka 1812, ba o ile a nka karolo mokhatlong oa ho latela mekha:

• Seslavin Alexander Nikitich;
• Denis Vasilevich Davydov;
• Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov;
• Alexander Samoylovich Figner.

Ka bokhutšoanyane ka Ntoa ea 1812

Ka lekhetlo la pele lebotho la French hapa boemo Serussia. Ha taelo ea lebotho Russia e eteletsoeng pele ke Mikhail Kutuzov, mokhoa oo lumelloa ho hlōla sera se se tsoetseng pele. The ikhule tsa Moscow o ile a thusa ho boloka lebotho la sebetsang hantle le ho thibela ho pele ho Napoleon teba haholoanyane Russia.

Famous Tarutino laola Kutuzov - ho tloha ho Moscow ka mor'a Ntoa ea Borodino le emisa ho liahelo lebotho la ka Tarutino - lumelloa ho tla nehelana ka leqhubu la ntoa. ea ntoeng Tarutino e ne e le lekhetlo la pele ka sehloohong Russia tshebetso tliselitseng tlhōlo undoubted. Nakong ea lilemo tsa Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e ne e tse ka bang leshome lintoa khōlō hore susumetsoa thupellong lona:

• ka Moleva Marsh;
• tlasa khubelu;
• ea Smolensk;
• Valutina lithabeng;
• Borodino;
• ka Tarutino;
• Maloyaroslavets.

ntoa e ile ea lala ka mabotho a Napoleon ka May 1814 ka mor'a hore ba inehele ba Paris le saena selekane khotso. lebotho la Russia tsa bontsoa ka Paris. Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se ea Lefatše ea Ntoa ea II, ke o mong oa methati ea ho lokolloa ha Europe. A Ntoa ea 1812 selemo, o ile a ntša manifesto ea Alexander I, o ile oa phethoa ka mor'a ntoa ka November 14-16 haufi le nōka ea Berezina. Ntoa ea 1812 - ena ke pontšo ea boganka balaoli ba sesole le leqheka bohlale, ebile e ba tlatlapa batho bohle, mabotho a tsohle hanyetsa sera.

Great rata naha Ntoa

Jeremane, ho sa tsotellehe ho selekane khotso saennweng ka selemo sa bo39, ka June, e hataketse meeli ea sebaka seo ea Soviet Union. Ka June 22, e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa ea 1941-1945. merero ea Hitler e lebeletsweng blitzkrieg - lehalima khopisang le inkela ka mahahapa ea Soviet Union ka likhoeli tse seng kae. maqheka a joalo Hitler sebelisoa qalang ho tloha sa bo39, e leng a mo lumella ho hapa halofo ea Europe.

Leha ho le joalo, ka lintoa khahlanong le Masoviet, leqheka lena ha aa ka a lefe. Ha a ntse a ka lilemo tse mathoasong a nako ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše (1941-1942) lebotho Jeremane o ile a khona ho hlōla tšimong ea e khōlō, empa ha ho lumellane le leano "Barbarossa". plan bitsoa bakeng sa bofelo ba tshebetso sesole ho ea qetellong ea 1941, 'me Russia, ka nako eo, e ne e le ho sa feleng nyamela ho tloha' mapa ea lipolotiki ea lefatše.

Batho ba Soviet Union ba ile ba bontša hore e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa - e le kannete ntoa batho. Bapisegeng heroism sesole sitisoa tsoela pele ka bochabela tsa masole Sejeremane. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, diyuniti likhukhuni Pinned fatše mabotho a kgolo ya Wehrmacht, o ile a thatafalloa ho fana ka lijo le liqhomane. lintlha tsena li lumelloa ho palo e kahodimodimo fokotsa lebelo e khopisang, ipokellela bokgoni ba sesole, le ho retelehela ho leqhubu la ntoa.

Ponahalo ea batho ba Union nakong ea ntoa ea heroism

The Great rata naha Ntoa senola litšobotsi molemo ka ho fetisisa batho ba Soviet Union. Itokisa bakeng sa ho itima lintho ka lebaka la naha ea habo bona le sebete - litšobotsi tsena hase mokhelo empa ntho e tloaelehileng. Heroes ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše - ho na le batho ba limilione. Tse fetang tse 11 tse sekete batho ba ne ba fuoa e le sehlooho Hero oa Soviet Union. Ka nako ya 1941-1945. Ho ile a sebeletsa ka bang limilione tse 38 ditaelo le likhau. A karolo ea bohlokoa e ile a fuoa posthumously.

libuka tse ngata ka hlalosa tse entsoeng ke Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, filimelwa e ngata lifilimi, e bontša liketso tsa heroism masole Union le lingangele. E mong oa mehlala e khanyang ka sebete ke tsena:

• Feat Matrosov. 'mele oa hae koahetsoeng sera bunker me unit trust hae hore a etse ntoa wa borumuwa.
• Feat Gastello. Frantsevich Nicholas qhomela ho tswa ho sefofane se tukang, 'me o ile a romela mo kenya ka e tenya tsa masole le sera sa ho le thepa.
• Feat Catherine Zelenko. Nakong ea ntoa, ha sefofane mo setse ntle mafura, o ile a ea pheleu le thuloa ke e le moloaneli lireng.

Tatellano ea liketsahalo tsa la ntoa

Ho tloha qalong ea ntoa masole a Soviet Union a loana ntoa e itšireletsa le ba ile ba tlameha ho Retreat. Qetellong ea 1942 - qalong ea 1943 ba khona ho nka bohato ba pele ntoeng fetang. Stalingrad le Lipetsk lintoa li ne li fetola. The Great rata naha Ntoa ea 1941-1945. Ke hopola liketsahalo tse joalo tsa Soviet Union:

• June 22, 1941 - ba bolotsana hlasela masole a Jeremane.
• From June ho ea ho September 1941 Minsk, Vilnius, Riga, Talin, Kiev ile haptjoa.
• From July 10 ho ea ho September 10, 1941 e ile ea nka Battle of Smolensk.
• September 1941-27 January 1944 o ile oa tsoela pele se thibela likepe tsa Leningrad.
• September 1941-April 1942. - mabotho a Jeremane li ne li ntšetsa pele mathōkong a Moscow.
• Ho tloha ka bohareng ba bo-July 1942 ho February 1943 e ile ea nka ntoa bakeng sa Stalingrad (Stalingrad).
• July 1942-October 1943. - Battle bakeng sa Caucasus.
• Ka July-August 1943, e kgolo tanka ea ntoeng (Battle of Lipetsk).
• From Phato ho October 1943 e ile ea nka Smolensk khopisang tshebetso.
• Qetellong ea September 1943 - tšela ea Dnieper.
• Ka November 1943, o ile a lokolloa Kiev.
• March 1, 1944 ka botlalo ho phahamisa ho se thibela likepe tsa Leningrad.
• Ka April 1944 a lokolla Crimea.
• Ka July 1944, Minsk e lokolloa.
• Ka September le November 1944 lokolloa lirephabliking tsa Baltic.

Tsosolosa meeli le tlhōlo

Ho ea qetellong ea 1944, Soviet Union e ile, tšimo eo e ile ea boela ho meeli ea e le ba ne ba pele tlhaselo Sejeremane. Ebe ba qala ho tshebetso ea sesole ka tšimo ea linaha tsa Europe, haptjoa ke mabotho a Jeremane. Ba qeta ho lokolloa, ho qala e khopisang ka naha ea Germany tloha 1945. Ea tlhōlo ea ho qetela ka ho Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e hlahile ka mor'a May 8, taelo ea Jeremane ba ne ba saenela kofuto ea inehela.

Ntoa ea II ea, e leng o ile a bontša sebete le fortitude tsa batho Union, o file lintho tse ngata tsa boitšoaro. Tlhōlo ka ntoa ena o ile a lumella Soviet Union, e seng feela ho sireletsa boipuso, empa hape ho ba bo lebisang sebapali ka lefatše geopolitical scene bang bang bang.