Thaepa Chordates: likarolo Link le ka hare sebopeho

Mofuta samjun o fetang 40 tse sekete. Phela mefuta. Sena se akarelletsa ho bescherepnyh (tunicates le Amphioxus) le cranial (cyclostomes (lamprey), tlhapi, sehahabi, lihahabi, linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang). Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba fumana ka mose ho lefatše le ka habitats tsohle. Boholo ba chordates ba mafolofolo, selefouno phelang ka eona, empa ho na le mefuta e tse di khomaretse substrate e - tunicates. Litekanyo le boima fapana haholo ka mofuta le hona ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa tikoloho le phoofolo habitats.

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore liphoofolo li kopanngoa ka mofuta oa samjun, a fapaneng haholo ka ponahalo, libōpeho tsa ka hare sebopeho, bophelo le tikoloho, ba na le tse ling tse tloaelehileng. Ho fumana hore na ho tšoana thusa bath kakaretso ea chordates.

chordates All na:

• Axial masapo, e emeloang ke samjun ka bescherepnyh le lesapo la mokokotlo ka cranial. Masapo o na le sebōpeho sa Strand etsa mosebetsi thekga. le fana ka elasticity mele.

• Gill slits ka 'metso ea. Ka protostomes phelang hore phela ka linako tsohle le ka metsing 'me u se ke ua bo tlohela, Gill slits dula ho pholletsa le bophelo. Le deuterostome ba ileng ba tloha ho habitats tsa metsing, 'me joale khutlela ho ea ka morao (li-dolphin, maruarua, likoena), le liphoofolo tsa naha Gill slits teng feela ka mekhahlelo e itseng ea ho hōla embryonic, ebe nyamela. Ho ena le hoo, ba ile ba ba sebetsa matšoafo - hema 'mele tsa lefatše.

• Central tsamaiso ea methapo (CNS), seo e leng phaephe teng ka lehlakoreng la ka morao. Ka chordates khale ke tube, sekoti o hlola ka ho ho pholletsa le bophelo, 'me liphoofolo e phahameng e arotsoe boko le lesapong la mokokotlo. A dipheletso methapo ea kutlo, eo eketsa ho tloha tsamaiso bohareng tšohile, pheriferale tsamaiso ea methapo foromo.

• tsamaiso e khopo ho potoloha ha mali koetsoeng. Pelo, joaloka tube neural ke lehlakoreng ventral ea 'mele.

Chordates na le botho ikhethang ka hare ho mefuta e, ka lebaka la tsela ea bona ea bophelo le tikoloho, hammoho le a phela ka eona. Ho phaella ho lipontšo tsa se tšoane ho tloha tse phelang tse ling ka chordates le na le ho tšoana ho le liphoofolo tse ling. ho tšoana ana:

• Omimvo setshwani hore ke ntho ea tlhaho liboko bataletseng, likokoanyana le likokoana tse ling.

• Ka kakaretso (ho seng joalo e se mahareng mohohlo mmeleng), eo ho eona litho tse ka hare di le hona teng. cavity mahareng hlaha annelids.

• Na le molomo mahareng eo Ho thehoa ka sethaleng gastrula ke katleho e kholo leboteng.

• Metameric tokisetso ea 'mele (segmental), ka ho hlaka a bontša ka ho ba sethaleng embryonic le ka chordates khale, liphoofolo batho ba baholo ho ka bonoa sebōpeho sa mesifa le selekane lesapo la mokokotlo. Ka lebaka la ho mofuta ona wa samjun bontša matšoao a ho tšoana annelids le likokoanyana.

• Ho ba teng ha tsamaiso ea lekala - ho potoloha ha mali, matšoafo, methapo ea kutlo, tshilong ya dijo, excretory, ho hlahisa bana.

Kahoo, mofuta oa samjun kopanya liphoofolo, tse tsejoang ka omimvo setshwani, 'me ka kakaretso, ho ba teng ha slits Gill ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea ntshetsopele le ho hlaha ha masapo ka hare - the chord, e leng moo e teng tube neural. Tlas'a samjun ho ke tshilong ya dijo tube,.