'Muso oa mokhoa oa mehaho ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo le mehleng ea kajeno. Mehlala ea meaho, lifoto

Ka kotara ea pele ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robong ho nka sebaka classicism tlile tsela e ncha ka ho bonono le mehaho - Empire. mehaho ile a qala ho hlahella litšobotsi tsa hae tse bath - e moholohali massiveness le likarolo phethehileng le khabisitsoeng le. 'Muso oa setaele e simolohile nakong ea puso ea Napoleon. Le hoja ba bang ba lumela sena ke tataiso bonono le mehaho ea moqotetsane le e fokolang, ho ke ke ho le joalo, ba itšetleha ka lefa la bonono ea archaism Segerike le Imperial Roma, le ntse le ka ntle le matla le boholo ba likarolo pretentious empa ntle, athe pele ho eena lona - classicism - ile tsepamisa maikutlo, haholo-holo ka boemo ba leholimo bonolo le e lumellanang.

Tšimoloho ea setaele sa

'Muso oa setaele ka mehaho - ka tlhōlo khoro, e portico maholohali le litšiea, e khōlō matshwaonyana sesole - Laurel meqhaka .. Lihlomo, lintsu, joalo-joalo tsohle tsa likarolo tsena ha susumetsa maikutlo a, empa ho ena le hoo, ka ho ba moahi oa batho. Sena ke seo e bontšoa ka solemnity le khanya ea interiors ntlo ea borena, entsoe ke Fontaine le Percier. Ka mor'a letšolo la Napoleon Egepeta ka mokhoa Empire ka mehaho ea qala ho hlahiswa undifferentiated sefofane marako le pylons, stylized sphinxes. Ka nako ena, tšobotsi e khethollang ke hore ea ka neano ea Egepeta ho kopantswe le Roma organically lekana ntle ho ea libakeng tse hole ka eclecticism itseng. Historicism - tšobotsi e 'ngoe e khethollang mokhoa Muso oa mehaho, e leng hatisa bohlokoa ba kgokahanyo le botle bo hlollang ba baemphera ba boholo-holo.

setaele itshola

Tenyetseheng dikamano likhopolo feela ntshetsopele ya setaele le ne lebaka la hore States ba bangata ba ke ke ba amohela e le "imperialism" e se e le lebotho la kenya ke Napoleon nakong hlōla hae. Ka mohlala, Jeremane le Austria e ntshetswa pele ka nako eo ka tataiso ea "Biedermeier", karolo e 'ngoe ho sebelisa' Muso oa motifs, empa o hanyetsa ka boeona e ho eena. Engelane ho na le e ne e le "mokhoa oa George IV», ka linako tse ling se bitsoang "British moemphera."

Imperial Russia setaele

Naha feela eo ka mokhoa Empire ka mehaho, 'me, eseng feela ka e, o ne a tsoetseng pele, ho na le e ne e le Russia. Ena e hlalosoa ka 'nete ea hore o ile a khona ho senya matla a Napoleon,' me e le mona a e fumanoeng lona makgetheng ipatlele ikhethang. O ne a softer le ho feta pliable. The moholo-holo oa setaele Muso ea St. Petersburg mehaho e Rossi - Russia-Setaliana meralo, o ile a khona ho boreleli coldness hae le se tenyetsehe. E mong meralo tsebahalang ka tataiso ena e Stasov. Ho ea ka ka litsebi, ipatlele ikhethang botho ba lona ba ne ba "Moscow Muso" ka mokhoa oa estates mahaeng, eo e boetse e bitsoa motse-moholo classicism.

Phethoa nako Classic

Mehloli ea pululelo bakeng sa Litsebi pōpo fetohile Art ea Boholo-holo Greece ka nako sa eona sa khale le 'Muso oa Roma ea nako ka mor'a nako, ho kopantswe le sa setso sa Etruria, Egepeta ea boholo-holo le ho tsoelo-pele tse ling. mehopolo polasetiki ea mehaho ea boholo-holo Egepeta, undifferentiated kgolo leboteng bokaholimo le litšiea tsa litonanahali le litšiea, ho fana ka ho hlaka ho bophahamo ba modumo eohle ea ho nepahala thutatekanyo, joalo-joalo - .. Sena ke e fapaneng 'muso. The mehaho ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo o fetohile mothofatso oa conciseness, monumentality le boima o ho leka-lekana 'me setshwani tsa likarolo. nako ena e bitsoa liqoso ea khanya ea sesole le moemphera boholo, kenngwa tshebetsong ka disymbol se sengata le matšoao.
Ka mokhabiso oa interiors le exteriors tsa mehaho, thepa ea ka tlung, hammoho le mabone le lisebelisoa sebelisoa ka disymbol tse ngata tsa khanya ea sesole le litšoantšetso alima ho tswa ho ea boholo-holo ho bolela Roma le khabisitsoeng le ka mokgwa wa dikgele le khongoana holimo, Seboholi ligaments le lintsu, lirumula, 'me hangata ho pheta lengolo N .

Joalo Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle eksotiske ntlafatsoa feela sepakapakeng theatrical ka hare. Mehlala ea 'Muso oa mehaho, ho ea ka litsebi, ke e khanyang haholo khethollang ho alima e tobileng ea mefuta e itseng le mefuta e tsa lefatše morero oa mehleng ea khale. Ka mohlala, bomaleba hahoa le khabisitsoeng ka arches tlhōlo le lifika khopotso.

Sebakeng sa ntlafatso le bofitlha

Le qaleha ha 'Muso oa bonono e kholoanyane le ho feta moholohali. Tabeng ena, nka sebaka subtleties e hloekisitsoeng ka mokhoa oa Louis XVI fihla rationality ka tsela e feteletseng le makoko le esita pathos. Ka boiteko ba bourgeoisie, e leng ho hapa le ho lahla "borena" tataiso, ho etsisa bophelo, kapa boitšoaro ba Baroma ba boholo-holo ho ne ho tse ngata theatrical le showy. Linaheng tse ling tsa Europe le ba phahameng sechabeng le bourgeoisie seholo, e leng French classicism ea Louis XVI ne a sa tsoa o ile a sebeletsa e le mohlala seabo, o ile a qala ho pepenene latela setaele moemphera. Ka mor'a phetohelo ea Paris hape ho tloha libakeng tse sa tšoaneng ba bokana baetsi ba litšoantšo tse ngata le Litsebi ba ba khethile ho sebetsa ka mokhoa ona o mocha. The Muso oa mehaho, mehlala ea eona e na le mehaho e ne ke sa shebahala joaloka "bokella" classicism, ho fapana ho mekhoa tse fetileng o ne a lekana Cosmopolitan tlhaku, e beheletse ka thoko thepa ka lebaka la molao oa tsamaiso ea ho thehoa ha likolo tse sebakeng seo. Leha ho le joalo, sena ha sea ka sa emisa ka mor'a nako e itseng ho tsoaloa ha version ea Russia ea setaele ena.

Saint Petersburg

Sena tšekamelo ka 1810-1830 biennium. o ile a qala ho hlaha ka ensembles kholo ea litoropo. Mehlala Muso ea St. Petersburg mehaho - e tsebahalang Kazan Cathedral le moaho Admiralty, ho Spaso-Preobrazhensky le Troitsky cathedrals, Ostrovsky Square le Arts. Ka holimo ba ne ba sebetsa Litsebi joalo ba hlaheletseng joaloka K. I. Rossi le A. Voronikhin, JB Thomas de Thomon le A. D. Zaharov, V. P. Stasov le ba bang.

Kwa, Russia Empire ka mehaho e, mehlala ea eona e na le mehaho e ba ka ho toba le hasane ka mose ho motse-moholo o ka leboea, ba hlasela haholo-holo sebelisa classic warantha-tsamaiso ea, e seng feela Tuscan le Doric. Ka mor'a mehla ea Alexander classicism bonahala takatso ea ho bethwait, bokhabane le monumentality, ho kopantswe le supang bonna. 'Muso oa mokhoa oa mehaho, lifoto mehaho eo e tiisa setshwani ka tieo le solemnity, hammoho le brevity tsa mefuta le bosole tšoantšetso li atile.

Ho qetela "samjun" tsa Serussia Empire

'Muso oa setaele ka mehaho, mehlala ea meaho tseo ka ho fetisisa Russia ka bonoa St. Petersburg, ka ho hlaka e hlalosa ho feto-fetoha ka nako eo. The apotheosis tsa tataiso Russia e Cathedral ea Cathedral St. Isaka. E ne e hahiloe ka 1858, entsoe ke Montferrand. Ho tla nkuwa foromo bonolo: sekotwaneng le sekoere, triangolo, silindara le parabola Dome, e leng, ho phaella ho e boholo kgolo, kereke e fana ka ba bang monumentality eketsehileng le a bōpa le maikutlo a sa lilemo tsa bona-khale moemphera inviolability. Nakong ea kaho ea Cathedral of ditharollo e tsoetseng pele botekgeniki sebelisoa ka nako eo: o tiileng letlapa raft motheo, entsoe ka majoe, lahla ea tšepe e likhopo ka domes e, litšiea tsa morema monoliths eohle. Hlollang le ba ruileng ka ntle mokhabiso le moralo e mebala-bala.

Sunset "Golden Age"

Kahoo, mehleng ea setaele Empire ka mehaho ea St. Petersburg, Framed ke kaho ea tse peli tsa liemahale fetisisa kholo hakaalo - moaho oa Kazan le Cathedral St. Isaka, e phethiloeng ho ba sethaleng ka ho ntshetsa pele ba motse, ha e ne e bōptjoa mesebetsi e mengata e ikhethang ea ho haha. Leha ho le joalo, haeba "Golden Age" ea Russia lingoliloeng, ho penta le 'mino o ne qalang, ho mehaho Russia, ho ile ho e haufi.