Types of penta. Bonono ho penta. Bonono ho penta ka lehong

Bonono ho penta e le mokhoa oa bonono le khabisitsoeng le e tsoela pele ea ka neano ea bonono setso. Sena ha se e itseng feela dithusathuto, hantle lona ke tse ling tse ngata, hobane ho bonahala ho e phaphametseng ka nako, kopantseng ho ya bokgabane ba meloko e mengata ea benghali. E organically amahanngoa le motherland - sebaka sa simolohile lihoai chelete setjhaba (ranchers, lihoai, litsomi).

A look at bonono bonono penta

Bonono ho penta e sebelisoa ho dihlahiswa habonolo epilwe ea setso tlhaho "demokrasi" thepa: masela tlhaho, patsi, letsopa, letlalo, lejoe, masapo.

Ho fihlela lilemong tsa bo-XVII e ea hlaha teng ka hare ho mapolasi tsa tlhaho motho. Tsebo ea li ne li fetile benghali ba mola baholo-holo, ho tloha molokong ho isa molokong. Ntlafatsa dithekeniki itseng bonono ho go gola ka botlalo hona joale lihlahisoa. Kgethilweng ho fetisisa itlhalosang dikahare le mekhoa ea ho sebelisa mokhabiso. Penta ka mehaho khabisitsoeng siling, marako, arches, libalaka le litšiea, 'me a lapeng - lijana, lintho tsa mosebetsi o boima.

Ka nako ya ho tswa XVII ho XVIII lekholong la lilemo la bonono ho penta ka ho Russia e fetoloa tlhapi, ho bōpa lihlahisoa bakeng sa 'marakeng. Ha ho kenella benghali ba motho ka mong, 'me libakeng tse ling tsa motse. Lilemong tsa bo-XIX ho na le artisanal mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa metako bonono. Mohlala, benghali ba Fedoskino litsoantso tse nyenyane e le hlophisitse maphelong a bona ka mor'a ho timetsoa ha beng ba poraefete ka 1903 'me ba a' na a bonono bona. Ka 1876, o qala ho systematization ya mefuta e fapaneng ya ho penta moprofesa Isayev LH ka monograph peli bophahamo ba modumo "The Crafts ea profinseng eo Moscow."

Ka 20-30-ogy, 'muso oa Soviet Union relies ka ho thehoa ha cooperative tšebelisano ea ho tsoasa litlhapi moo histori ntshetswa litsi setso bonono, ho ntshetsa pele mefuta e ikhethang ea ho penta. Mohlala, Khokhloma penta sebakeng Nizhny Novgorod.

Leqheka la tsoelo-pele ea ho penta, hammoho le mefuta e meng ea bonono le crafts utloisisa le delineated rasaense le tichere Vasiliem Sergeevichem Voronovym ka monograph "Ka la balemi bonono."

Jwale, khampani e ka mafolofolo ho ntshetsa pele bonono mefuta mural penta e le hore ho kopana le tlhokeho e le 'maraka oa Russia le linaheng tse ling. lihlahisoa penta ha o bolokoe mesebetsi lona ba letsatsi le letsatsi ba ka ho eketsehileng ho ba lintlha tsa boleng bokgabane le bonono. Bakeng sa tlhahiso ea bona ba sebelisa mechine ea kajeno le thepa e khethehileng - bakeng sa roughing le mosebetsi tsa go baakanyetsa. Empa le ka sehloohong mosebetsing pōpo, hammoho le ka makholo a lilemo tse seng kae tse fetileng, o entsoe ka letsoho ke baetsi ba litšoantšo ba hloahloa.

penta Art

Ho ke ke ha khoneha a se ke a ela hloko hore ho penta ea sechaba fetola setšoantšo haholo ya sehlahiswa. O fetoha itlhalosang ho feta ka 'mala boemo ba tekanyo e, mela morethetho le proportionality. Industrial "despiritualized" lihlahisoa tse boiteko ba baetsi ba litšoantšo e mofuthu le phela. Ea bobeli e finyelloa ka ho sebelisa likarolo tsa mokhabiso le bonono o motle (kotokaka le ho penta). mefuta e fapaneng ya le metako bōpa e khethehileng-positive maikutlo semelo sa, ka pina le sebakeng sa bophelo ba ho tšoasa litlhapi.

Ho bua ka molao, ho penta le khabisitsoeng le e etsoa ka ho sebelisa borashe pente ka holim'a ho khetheha. Re lokela ho hlokomela e le motsotso bohlokoa: Ho fapana le ho penta, go aga dikgantshwane sebaka phethahetseng ka hohlehohle, ho penta e kamehla fragmentary.

Litsebi bayemi, hangata e bua ka lipono tse makatsang tsa penta Russia: e bokahohleng tumellanong le hoo e ka bang setaele efe kapa efe ya minimalism, kajeno, naha. Technology, bōpa ka ho benghali ba boholo-holo, bo phethahetseng ka meloko ea benghali ba libakeng tse itseng, ho bōpa e khethehileng stylistic ho hlahisa maikutlo. Ka lehlohonolo, ka Russia lekholong XXI li bolokiloe le ntshetswa pele mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ho penta: Gzhel, Khokhloma, Boretsky Gorodetsky, Mezen, Onega, permogorskaya, pizhemskaya, Polkhovsky-paydanskaya, puchuzhskaya, rakulskaya. Nahana ka lintlha tsa mekhoa tsena tse ikhethang.

Ho hlaha ha khokhloma

le bokhoni ba ho hlalosa e le sefate ka khauta mmala ntle le ho sebelisa hantle, khauta o se o etsoa Khokhlomskaya benghali ba letšoao-splitters ba ile a bula ena romelle-kamoo lilemong tsa bo-XII ka meru lekunutu lefeelleng la bochabela ho Volga. Ka tsela eo, ba ne ba tloaelane le mesebetsi ea matsoho, ho fana ka ho penta: lathe khoebo le tsebo ea ho ea boholo-holo mokhabiso. Mohlomong ba ne ba boetse ba tseba liforomo boholo-holo oa ho penta,

Large khoebo ea motseng oa Nizhny Novgorod sebakeng bochabela ea Volga - Khokhloma - joaloka makenete, e leng makenete bakeng sa mesebetsi ea matsoho nang le tsebo.

Ena, ka parlance morao-rao, e hlokang leeme lebatowa ya sehlopha sa metseng e ka mabōpong a nōka Uzola River sebelitse se feela bakeng sa e ruuoang maraka Serussia. bahoebi ba ruileng rekileng mokha oa hae e khōlō ea thepa tradable 'me ba isoa bona bakeng sa diyantle bakeng. Kahoo, Khokhloma maraka ne e le "tlas'a sethunya sa", bobeli ka hare le kantle limmaraka, 'me ka hona, ho e ne e busoa ke boleng ba tlhōlisano ka tlhōlisano e theko. tsusumetso ea sebele ileng ba bōptjoa: bokhoni ba masterovitogo batho ba mo tlisetsa leruo bonahalang.

Ho ea ka ho etsa lipatlisiso ke litsebi ka nako ho tloha XII ho lekholong la lilemo la XVII ile evolving Khokhloma setaele, eo hokahanngwe ea boholo-holo Nizhny Novgorod mefuta eohle ea ho penta lehong.

Ka nako ya ho tswa XVII ho XVIII lekholong la lilemo la Khokhloma setaele hangata thehoa. Matsatsing ana litsi tsa lona tse:

- fektheri "Kokhloma Artist", eo e sebetsa ho tloha mong'a lona o ile a lula Koverninskii setereke (Semino et al a.). Ka metako bona laoloa ke lipalesa tse hlaha le frutos;

- Mokhatlo "Khokhloma Painting", Semenov. Benghali ba Association tloaelo hōlisa sehlooho tsa mebala fantastis.

thekenoloji khokhloma

Nune bokhoni "o motle borashe" tse fumanoang ka ho pharalla ha barui limela mokhabiso. A karolo ea moholo e bapaloang ke boleng ba lihlahisoa. Bonono Khokhloma thweng benghali latelwa thekenoloji itseng. Characteristically, ho e-s'o fetohe ho letsatsi le teng. Re thathamisa taelo ea mekhahlelo lona:

- vytachivanie ka lepolanka la lisebelisoa lehong ( "hlatsoetsoa");

- selelekela likheo tsena mokelikeli tharollo ka ho khethehileng le hlahlelletse letsopa ( "sefate"). Mehleng ea rōna, ho finyella sena, sebelisa selelekela maiketsetso;

- thini thini kapa silevera. Joale aluminium sebediswa bakeng sa morero ona;

- le khabisitsoeng le ho penta ka lehong le omisa ea sehlahisoa ka ontong ka;

- varnishing le chesang omisa.

Matla mocheso kalafo ea lihlahisoa tsa hlalosoa mala sentshamebala ratang khale Russia painters: motsoako oa khauta le o mofubelu cinnabar le 'mala o motšo. ke hore, Kokhloma sebopi mocheso ne ke sa ama ho khanya le lehlakoreng le leng la mebala tsena.

Mekhoa Khokhloma penta

maikutlo a Vintage ea ho penta ka lehong, o kopantswe ka Khokhlov, tsejoa e 'meli ea tsamaiso ea eona, "semelo sa" le "eketseha" lengolo. Lebitso la tsamaiso ea kenyelletsa ditokiseletso mokhoa oa ho sebelisa le silhouette sebopeho tsa motheo.

"Horse" tsamaiso e kenyeletsa ho sebediswa ha silhouette mala o lokolisa ho toba ka semelo khauta. Background etsa chelete ea khauta "contouring" ka ho toba ho tloha semelo ke "zarisovyvaniya" mong'a ba batsho le ba khubelu sebaka se potolohileng "curls khauta".

E mong le e tsamaiso e khopo e sebelisa mefuta e tšoanang ea Khokhloma ho penta. Ho na le tse 'nè feela, "Kudrin", "e monokotsoai" (kapa "lekhasi"); "A thupa"; "Tlas'a morao."

"Kudrin" a qala ho "litlama" mohlala ngotsoeng ke borashe bo botle haholo. O ke a batla joaloka sedge Leha ho le joalo, curled rarahaneng lumellanang masale a maholo. Ho latela litsebi, sena ke mokhabiso ho fetisisa ea boholo-holo.

"Tlas'a monokotsoai" - hulela borashe teteaneng. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho "Herbal" e se e hlahella makhasi le monokotsoai. Stylized dimela diforomo le kopantse. Ho e 'ngoe le e tšoanang "thibela" ho ka bonoa le camomile le fragola hlaha makhasi.

Penta "ka thupa" le bontša harping ka ho khetheha thutatekanyo sebopeho (hangata e rhombus). palo eo e fihla phela "lihlahla" ka mahlakoreng le khantsitsoe ke letsatsi mahareng.

Ka mokhoa oo "tlas'a semelo sa" sequentially Kukat huleloa ea moeli, 'me joale e ntan'o ba setseng mahala semelo sa e' mala, bogolosegolo ntsho.

Ka lebaka la ho ikhethang tsa e mong le e borashe mong'a e ikhethang le o ikhethang hohloma. Types of penta, tseo re li tšohlileng ka holimo, moemedi wa sona ho lona, ho khahlisa talimela zolotitogo kutloano, le lefubedu le le mebala e ntsho.

Gzhel. letsopa Batla porcelain

Gzhel Art tsebo ea ho penta o ile a hlaha ho seo hona joale e Ramenskoye setereke tsa Moscow sebakeng. matsatsi a khale libaka tsena li ne li bitsoa Gzhel masepala, le sebaka seo ba motse ba otlolla Bohteevo, Volodya, Gzhel, Kuzyaeva, Novoharitonovo, Turygin.

Ho fihlela hona joale lihoai li XVII lekholong la lilemo la ba selehae hlahiswa ho tloha batlang e le a sa hlabolohang letsopa benyang letsopa. boemo bo fetohile ka lebaka la ho ntshetsopele liindasteri tsa clays ea moo a loketse bakeng sa tlhahiso ea porcelain. The qaloang e ne e le molao-taelo oa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich fumana "letsopa loketse" bakeng sa ho hlahisa methapo ea meriana - ka 1663.

Phihlelo eo e ne e atleha, ka 1710 apothecary Hore batho ba mona ile a qala ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tse tala. Meriana rorisoa boleng ba letsopa, 'me nako e fihlile ea ha ba na le thahasello industrialists. Ba ne ba thahasella lihlahisoa tse tala a loketse bakeng sa tlhahiso ea porcelain. Ke molao-taelo oa morena ka 1844 a hloma khomishene, e kenyeletsang mong'a ya porcelain fektheri Moscow Athanasius Grebenshchikov Porcelain Manufactory le moenjiniere Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov, o ba amohetse gornoinzhenernoe thuto Univesithing ea Marburg. Lilemo tse hlano batla letsopa le letona. Ka 1849, ka mor'a likhoeli tse robeli tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso ne epilwe letsopa, eo ya hlahiswa porcelain babatsehang. boleng bona rorisoa ka boeena o M. V. Lomonosov, seithuti-'moho le Vinogradov.

Gzhel. ntshetsopeleng ya tlhahiso ea

Industrialist Grebenshchikov qala ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tse tala e fumanoang ka Moscow dimela eona. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba bohlale ho tloha motseng oa Gzhel le metsana e mabapi, ka tsela eo, ha re ntse re boletsoeng, se ile ka ba le litsebo tsa letsopa, hape o ile a hlokomela melemo ea ho sebelisoa ha ho feta boleng bo phahameng letsopa.

O ile oa tsoela briskly ka metseng e phetseng bagakolodi babatsehang - basebetsi tlhahiso ea ho tloha dimela A. Grebenshchikov. Ka nako ho tloha 1750 ho 1820 o, mong'a-mesebetsi ea matsoho ile a etsa majolica - oblong-Kvasnikov lijeke, lipoleiti, linoelo, lijana. penta mekhabiso ho ne ho etsoa ka tala, 'mala o mosehla, e putsoa le melanzana pente ka semelo sa tšoeu. Image kenyeletsa nonyana - ka bohareng, 'me ho pota e - lifate, lihlahla, ntlo. (Ie khale mefuta e bontša lisebelisoa penta). Tableware ka batloang. Ho na le e ne e le tlhōlisano boleng. Re ile ra ea isang ho lifektheri e kileng ea letsopa hore proizvodnje boleng bo phahameng polufayans tšoanang "tsoang linaheng tse ling" lijana.

Tsebo honed ho theosa le lilemo tse 80, 'me ho tloha 1820 o nang le hoo e ka bang ka Gzhel mesebetsi ea matsoho tsohle hlahisa polufayans. Sena ke heyday tsa bonono Gzhel. Products la benghali ba ka bonoa ka Hermitage. tableware ena e ne e nkoa ka ho fetisisa tsa Russia le nainaryadneyshey. Tloaelehileng penta Gzhel teapots, linkho, lipoleiti tletse matlo a bahoebi le bahlomphehi, lireschorente. liforomo ntlafala ea ho penta. Gzhel reka hohle naheng, ho tloha Lengeloi le ka Sehloohong ho Astrakhan, diyantle ho Asia Bohareng le Bochabela bo Hare. Production o entsoe ka mashome a mararo lifektheri. Kopanela tlhahiso Gzhel bahlahisi: Barmina, Gusliny, Gusyatnikova, Kiseleva, Terekhova, Sazonov.

Ka bomalimabe, kaha 1860 ho na le ke ho fokotseha Gzhel ho penta. Folk bonono, ea tsoetsoeng ke tlhōlisano ba makholo ba bahlahisi tse nyenyane le dozen mahareng e mahae pragmatism tsa monopolies kgolo. Har'a fehlweng ile ba ema ba MS Kuznetsov, le dimela tsa lona tse hlano le e fana ka tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo khumo ea mln 2.1. Itlotsa. bokgoni tlhahiso ea tse setseng 14% ya Kuznetsovsky. Le hantle, ho moetsi Kuznetsov le "o ile a kokota fatše" mosebetsi. tlhōlisano e felile, fokotseha tšusumetso, fokotseha boleng, o ile a fokotseha.

E le baetsi ba litšoantšo ba penta Gzhel

Gzhel e ikhetha ka hore e mong le e hloahloa, ho sebelisa liforomo classic tsa bonono ho metako hae, baka mokhoa hae ka bomong.

Ke ka tsela e poteletseng bonono. Karolo e ka sehloohong e bapaloang ke se ileng sa etsahalla mong'a lona, e leng e bontšoa ka tsela borashe. Ka nako e tšoanang ka lehloa tšoeu porcelain fellang kateng lumellanang fetola 'mala ho tloha e putsoa ho le matla haholo e putsoa lerootho. All ena bo ntse bo e pente le 'ngoe - cobalt. Palo e sebelisoa ho holim'a metsi, "ka lekhetlo la pele", ka potlako.

Ke hobane'ng ha e le habohlokoa tsebo ea moetsi oa litšoantšo joang? Qalong, ba sebele 'mala setšoantšong ke ke bone (haholo-holo cobalt). Tsohle bonahala mosoeu setšoantšong, le feela ha gzhel tshwerweng roasting ka ontong, ho kotokaka tla hlaha ka botlalo.

ke sebopeho Gzheli eng? Karolo e bohareng ho eona ka tloaelo e sebetsana le lipalesa tse khabisitsoeng. Ka lehlakoreng la eona ka tumellano izvivisty "litlama" storyline, makhasi ba ruileng le monokotsoai. Hoa etsahala hore ka kotokaka ena lohiloeng lihlooho bophoofolo, kapa amanang le bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi (mohlala lapeng).

Joaloka hoo e batlang e fellang kateng palo ee? Liforomo tsa penta bonono "ho huloa ho tswa ho pele" Gzheli fokotswa hoo e batlang e ho mekhoa kopo smear '. Ho na le tse 'nè feela: smear' wrist di fifaditsweng di e le penta mong borashe paterone! "Sitchikov", hammoho le tlatsana setšoantšo.

Smear 'marangrang tšoauoa di fifaditsweng di e' mala mengata e fapaneng ka lebaka la ho superposition ea matla a fapaneng ke cobalt khethehileng phetoho borashe moetsi oa litšoantšo.

Penta ka letsoho le leng tšoauoa ka e le hantle hore e mong le e latellanang leqeba molumo o fapane le ea pejana. Le matla lichapo butle-butle decreases, ba "khanya ka ho eketsehileng".

Le paterone "Sitchikov" - le tiea haholo. O ba hulela borashe feela tjee keletso.

Sebediswa GZHEL mefuta eohle ea litšoantšo ho penta ha e itseng ea lifoto boikatiso ea motifs tlhaho le reinterpreted le tse hlahisoang e phetolo sa lebelloang. Images Artists reinterpreted makhasi putsoa, le mahlaku a putsoa lirosa, asters, carnations, lirosa latela contour ea linonyana le liphoofolo. Ka linako tse ling ba ba bolele a beha dintho stylized letsatsi le letsatsi kapa lintho (ho etsa mohlala, ho balemi 'matlo a).

"Herbal" tlatsanang mofuta setšoantšo - tendrils spiral likarolo ntshofatsa, lichapo fapaneng, likhechana tsa thutatekanyo - fana ka e feletseng setšoantšo, bōpa le medumo hlokahala.

Ketsahalo e Polkhovsky-Maidansky penta

Tse fapa-fapaneng ea Russia setso ho penta. Types of hae ka mefuta-futa 'ohle a bona, mohlomong, ka hlalosoa ka monographs khethehileng, empa ha sehloohong se. Ka lebaka leo, mosebetsi oa rōna ke ho feta itekanetseng. Re se re bitsoa ho fetisisa "untwisted" mefuta penta: Khokhloma le Gzhel. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le batho ba bang, kaofela ba ile ba ba pele le ho ba le ba bangata ba. A re ke re bue ka ba bang ba: Boretsky Gorodetsky, Mezen, Onega, permogorskaya, pizhemskaya, Polkhovsky-Maidanskaya, puchuzhskaya, rakulskaya jj Ba se ke ba khona ho a sehloohong sena a angoa ke ho bua ka kaofela ha bona, ho fana ka tlhaloso ya a le mong feela oa bona - Polkhovsky-Maidansky.

penta ena e simolohile mathoasong a lilemo tsa XX seterekeng nyolohela sebakeng Nizhny Novgorod. Mona metsaneng Polkhovsky Maidan le motseng Voznesenskoe qetellong ea lilemo tsa bo-XVIII ho ne ho e retelehela ho tšoasa litlhapi baitlami ea Sarov baitlami. Lepolanka ithutile sekepe le lihoai ho ba mesebetsi ea matsoho ea nang le tsebo ka tlhahisong ea lisebelisoa lehong. Wizards o boetse o hlahisoa, ha ba ntse ba re, "tararushki", ke hore, lihlahisoa tsa monate: .. tea mololi, li-mushroom, lipopi, mahe Easter, lintho tsa ho bapala.

The peleka bakeng sa pōpo ea ho penta e ne e le bokella le la boemo bo tlaase Polinym Pavlom Nikitichem sethusathuto vizhiganiya, 'me ho tloha ka 1926, tsosoa bokgabane ba balemi ba etella pele ho penta ka lihlahisoa oli,' me ka 1933 ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke dae aniline.

Ka mor'a mosebetsi oa polhovtsev amohetsweng Zagorci, merinovtsy, Semyonov, mefuta e mecha li ile tsa bōptjoa matryoshka penta (sehlooho sena se re tla tšoara holim 'hamorao).

Technology Polkhovsky Maydanskaya mokhoa penta

Qalong, holim ea sehlooho sa lehong e tlas'a sanding le priming starch ho peista. Joale e ntan'o ba beha balebeli ba potoloho paterone tse ka enke ebe penta ile phethahatsoa. Ho etsa sena, sebelisa pente ka mebala e mene: khubelu, mosehla, o motala le putsoa. Ka nako eo ho kenngwa tshebetsong "tse boikaelelo jwa tsone" bath tlaleho mohato Polkhovsky Maydanskaya mokhoa, o entsoeng ka kotokaka leqeba ea moeli ntsho. Re eketsa hore mofuta ona oa ho penta e fana ka maikutlo mokhoa kang overprinting.

mofuta ona wa bonono o boetse o sebelisa mokhoa o khethehileng oa balebeli ba potoloho ntle ho penta.

Re ho builoeng mofuta ona wa ho penta hase phoso. O atleha USSR fihlela 90s ea, kenyeletsang. Ka fektheri nyolohela batho ba makholo a mahlano ba ile ba sebetsa. Ho bana, 40% - ka baetsi ba litšoantšo ba phetha ho penta, ba bang ba - turners. Ho tšoaroa ka boqhetseke, ho bōpa le laboratori eo ba ile ba sebetsa fekthering. Products romeloa linaheng tse ling ho ea United States le Europe. Kajeno, ka neano beha fektheri hlahisa bagwebi.

matryoshka hae Boholo bo Hlomphehang

Hase kamehla evolutionarily ba bile teng ba penta Serussia. Mefuta e ka linako tse ling e hlahile ka tšohanyetso - sa tsoa "nako immemorial". Di generated ka khanya ea e le 'ngoe benghali ba pōpo Serussia. Sena se etsahetse ka matryoshka. O ile a - ha primordially Russia qaptjoa.

Matryoshka hlaha Russia ka XIX lekholong la lilemo la ka Sergiev Posad. Mosali oa moetsi oa litšoantšo Sergei Vasilievich Malyutin ka 1898 o ile a tloha Japane palo Fukurumu monna-moholo, ba invests ka lipalo mane (by tsela, ho ea ka tšōmo Japanese, pele mokhabo joalo entse Russia moitlami). Sergey reinterpreted "ka Serussia," maikutlo a hae. Ho na le e ne e le maikutlo a bohlale - ho etsisa e tloaelehileng ea Russia lelapa. Lebitso Matrona nako eo e neng e ratoa Russia. Ho phaella moo, e le ke ne ke nahana Milutin, ho resonated ka lebitso la lelapa ea Roma ea 'mè oa.

Sergey o ile a etsa litšoantšo ho atamela la matsete a robeli. Mosali eo o lateloa morali oa hae le mokoko o motsho, 'me joale - ka mora, joale - hape le ngoanana, palo borobeli e ne e le lesea. Turner Wood sebopeho bona machined VP Zvezdochkin. Penta mokhabo o Sergei Vasilievich.

Tlhahiso ea lipopi. Mefuta ea ho penta

World ratoang lipopi, ho amohela lona tsa lefatše e bua ka bo-1900, ha e "a tsoa" - the Pontšo World ka Paris.

Na setso bonono matryoshka feta? Se ka 1899 kaofela Sergiev Posad hlahisa lipopi e ncha e khahlehang: banana le basali, mofubelu, ka liaparo le aprons le headscarves le sundresses le libaskete, liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, linonyana le lipalesa. Zagorski setaele (jwalo ka e tsebahalang, Sergiev Posad e ile ea rehoa Zagorsk) fapane bohehang, a lebisa tlhokomelo ho dintlha tse nyenyane.

Ho tloha ka 1922 lipopi nesting ba boetse ba ile a qala ho hlahisa motseng Merinova sebakeng Nizhny Novgorod. The Turner ea moo Mayorov F. reka Sergiase matryoshka, machined "bona". O penta le litšoantšo tsa morali oa hae. Merinovtsy potlako tseba ho hlahisa lipalo tsena tse rarahaneng. Merinovskaya matryoshka - sithabetse khanyang, le hoja ka ho qaqileng ka tlase ho Zagorskaya.

Ea boraro "depositi ea lipopi" e ne e le Polkhovsky Maidan motse, tummeng le turners, le ho penta. Polkhovsky matryoshka na le litšobotsi tse ba lona:

- fetang ka potlako, lichapo tse nyenyane tse ngotsoeng ke motho eo;

- sebaka sa dibopeho sakatuku le mela sundress (mose), ho tswa ho khutlela 2/3 matryoshka penta sekareleta (khubelu) kapa tala. Mala e bontša phapang pakeng sakatuku le eena. Ka phatleng lipopi nesting penta rosa-phaene grouse. Thontsweng foreskoto - ho tloha molaleng fatše. Penta foreskoto hlophisitsoe "ka oval e." Ka bohareng ba bo le - ho senola rosa ea lekala, ea makhasi, ea monokotsoai. Ea ho hlophisoa e go tlaleletswa daisies le lebala-na.

Thata ka ho fetisisa ho tlhahisong ea Vyatka matryoshka lumela hore mesebetsi ea matsoho ea moo inlay hlobolisa.

bofello

Russia bonono ho penta e le mokhoa oa bonono le khabisitsoeng le e thehiloeng neano tebileng setso, ka boemo ba elelloa seo lehae, seo sa lelapa. Le amana le lilemo tse makholo tsa bophelo ba baholo-holo ba rōna, kahoo penta dintho etsa qoso mofuthu, botho, ho bōpa boikutlo bo bophelo. Ba hlile ba khabisa bophelo ba monna ea kajeno, ba nkela "tiiswa hore lebitso," metsoako ea mokhabiso oa sebaka se phelang li etsoa.

Bonono penta se boetseng se etsang ba bang ba le medumo bophelong ba rōna, hopola e le ntsetso-pele ea Motherland ea, hoo e ka mosebetsi bokahohleng batho ba mong le e mong motho a - ho etsa hore bophelo bo monate ba potolohileng.