Leoatleng la Indian: botebo leoatle. The tlase tsa Leoatle la Indian. Mocheso le ea liphallelo tsa Leoatle la Indian

Lefatše la rōna e mabothobotho ka litsela tsohle: e sa tšoaneng ea tonanahali ea limela, leruo se nang palo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha le ho hongata haholo ka ho sa feleng ea bophelo bo phelang metsing. All ena le tse ling e leng ka naha ea rōna e ntle.

Ha ho pelaelo hore mong le e mong oa tseba hore lefatšeng mona ho na le tse 'nè tsa se seholohali leoatleng. Kaofela ha bona ke moholo ka tsela ea bona. Pacific Ka mohlala, ho e moholo, la Atlantic - letsoai Arctic - batang le Indian - the warmest. Mona ke ea ho qetela re tla nehela sehlooho sa rōna.

Na u ne u tseba hore Leoatleng la Indian ke boraro kholo ka ho fetisisa? sebakeng lona ha e feta kapa ka tlaase ho limilione tse 76,17 km le, e leng 20% ya lefatše lohle. Ho joalo le ka seo liphiri tsa mohale mohlolo tsa mabenkele tsa rona? Re tla utloisisa hamorao.

Kakaretso tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le sebaka sa

Karolong e ka leboea, leoatle hlatsoa mohlolo Asia, ka bochabela - malekele Australia, ka bophirimela - letsatsi Afrika, 'me e ka boroa - le frosty Antarctica. 30 ^ea meridian bolokolohi leboea ke ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa Leoatleng la Indian. E leng ka ea Persia Gulf. 20 ^ka bochabela longitude: liforomo meridian le moeli oa Leoatleng la Atlantic ho ea Pacific - ^{ka bang ka} 55 ea 146 ba longitude: tšoanang. Bolelele ba Leoatle la Indian - 100,000 km SE.

mantsoe a seng makae e mabapi le histori

Libakeng tse ling tsa tsoelo-pele ea boholo-holo li ne li fumaneha ka ho toba ka mabōpong a mohale rona. Bafuputsi ba pheha khang ea hore e mong oa tsamaya pele e ile ea phethahala holim 'a metsi a Leoatle la Indian, ka 6 sekete. Lilemong tse fetileng. O ile a hlalosa ka ho qaqileng Arab basesisi tsela leoatleng. Tlhahisoleseding pele libaka hlaha ka 90s ea lekholo la bo15 la lilemo, nakong ea bophelo ba Vasco de Khao Gama, pele historing hlōla tsela tsoang Europe ho India. E ne e le eena ea ileng a ile a re ho ka bakitoko tse se nang palo tsa metsi, eo au fileng Leoatleng la Indian.

botebo leoatle ile lekanngoa ka lekhetlo la pele lefatšeng-e tsebahalang navigator James Cook, e tsebahalang ka ho nka leeto la hae lefatšeng ka bophara le ho li sibolotseng tse ngata tšimong ea jeokrafi. Explore leoatle ka litsela tsohle, ba ile ba qala lilemong tsa bo-XIX, e mong oa litho tsa maeto a tummeng British mohoma expanses sa feleng ea sekepe e tummeng "Challenger".

Eo naheng e hlatsoa ke Leoatle la Indian?

Sena se hlatsoa seqhenqha palo e khōlō ea linaha, ka bobeli ba naha le sehlekehleke sohle.

dinaheng Continental tsa Leoatle la Indian:

- India;

- Australia;

- Thailand;

- Saudi Arabia;

- Iran;

- Iraq;

- Indonesia;

- Egepeta;

- Somalia;

- Kenya;

- South Africa;

- Pakistan;

- United Arab Emirates;

- Myanmar;

- Malaysia;

- Mozambique;

- Bangladesh;

- Oman.

Indian Ocean sehlekehleke sohle naha:

- Mauritius;

- Maldives;

- Sri Lanka;

- Madagascar;

- Seychelles.

Mona ke e joalo e meholo. Leoatle la Indian.

Botebo ba leoatle

Leoatleng la Indian e na ka sebopeho sa eona sa maoatle tse hlano. Ba etsa botebo le sebakeng ea mohale rona. Ho joalo, ho etsa mohlala, e Arabia Sea ke e 'ngoe ea tebileng ka ho fetisisa Leoatleng la Indian. Ntlha ea bohlokoa ke bohareng ba bo-leoatle maporogo, ka setsi sa lona, moo phuleng karohano e teng. Botebo ka hodimo e le ha ho feta kapa ka tlaase ho moo, 'me 3600 m. Ntlha ea tebileng ka ho fetisisa tsa Leoatle la Indian e haufi le sehlekehleke sa Java ka Sunda foro,' me ke 7455 m. Ho fapana le Leoatle la Pacific, ke se sa lekana, hobane botebo lona palo e kahodimodimo ea 11.022 m. ( Mariana foro).

Indian Ocean Climate

Ho fetisisa ea leoatle e chesang e mongobo, tikolohong ea equator le subequatorial libaka, feela boroa ea sebakeng seo eona e teng ka latitudes phahameng.

Climate Monsoons ke meea e ka linako tse itseng, 'me karolong e ka leboea ea leoatle. Sebakeng sena ho na le linako tse peli tse: mofuthu, e nang le khutso mariha le chesang, pula, a koahetsoeng ke maru, sefefo lehlabula. Ikutloeleng boroa mabotho meea ka boroa-bochabela khoebo. Ka latitudes mocheso, a lula a e tla nkuwa ka matla westerly moea. Palo e kahodimodimo pula o hlahellang teng sebakeng equator (ka 3000 limilimithara ka selemo). Bonyane - lebōpong la Leoatle le Lefubelu, Arabia Gulf.

letsoai le metsing

Palo e kahodimodimo melemo ya letsoai le metsing ea metsi holim 'a Leoatle la Indian - ka Leoatleng le Lefubelu' me a ea Persia Gulf (41%). Ho boetse ho na le sekhahla ka toka tse phahameng tsa letsoai le metsing a hlokomela tšimong e ka boroa ea chesang e mongobo ka karolong e ka bochabela. Ha re ntse re tsamaisa ikutloeleng Koung ea Bengal a fokolloa haholo - ho fihlela ho 34%.

Ho itšetlehile haholo ka ho eketseha ka tekanyo letsoai le metsing la pula le e le mouoane.

Bonyane ba tshebetso bath ya metsi Antarctic. E le busa, e joalo e le palokatiso sebakeng sena ama qhibiliha tsa glaciers.

mocheso

Indian Ocean mocheso holim'a metsi e ^ka 29 C. Ena ke tekanyo phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Tlase hlokomela Afrika lebōpong le, moo larileng ka ka hare ho Somali - + 22-23 ^C. Ha equator, holim metsi mocheso likarolelano + 26-28 ^C. Ha ho falla boroa, ho fihla -1 ^{° C} (ka ho le Antarctica mabōpong).

monehelo lona ho fetola mocheso o entsoe le icebergs hore maemong a sa tloaelehang le sebaka seo ho sesa latitudes boroa.

E le ka bonoa, ka karolelano mocheso tsa Leoatle la Indian ka kakaretso e phahameng, e leng ke ke hobane'ng ha mohale rona le fuoa e le sehlooho sa "leoatle warmest lefatšeng."

likou

Leoatleng la Indian e na le 19 likou (3 of ba e matleng a hae Leoatleng le Lefubelu):

1. Kou ea Aden. Ke habohlokoa ka ho lekaneng ka moruo. E neng e tsamaisa batho khase le oli e Europe. Bay e amana le Bab-el-Mandeb Strait le Leoatleng le Lefubelu. Ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea Leoatle le Arabia. Bolelele ba eona ke 890 sq km SE. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, naha ea Koung ea Aden, le maemo a ho bosholu Pirate.
2. Great Australian Bight. Bolelele - 1335 likete tse km lisekoere .. Botebo - 5670 km SE. Bay otlolla tswa Western Cape ho Cape, teng ka Tasmania.
3. Carpentaria. Botebo -. 69 limithara The Bay ke ea Leoatle Arafura. Ho juts naheng ea 600 Km.
4. Shaka. Located 650 km le ho tloha motseng oa Perth. le likou tsohle tsa Leoatle la Indian ba le histori ea bona le lintho tse khethollang, Shark - e le eena feela ea mofuta ofe Heritage lona. Selemo le selemo, botle ba bona ba tlhaho hohela 120.000 baeti selemo.
5. Spencer. E teng, Australia Boroa. bolelele ba eona - la 322 dikhilomitha, bophara - 129 Km. Hlatsoa York Hloahloeng le Eyre.
6. Van Diemen. O bitsoang sibolotseng Abele Tasman ho tlotla ya Musisi Kakaretso Anthony vene Diemen. Bay Area ke 14.000 sq. km SE.
7. Manza. Located lebōpong la Tanzania, 16 km le ho tloha motseng oa Tanga.
8. Kou ea Cambay. Ke ea bohlokoa bohareng khoebo, e amahanya litsela tsa khoebo le tsa Leoatle la Indian ho India. Bolelele e 130 Km.
9. Kou ea Oman. Connects ea Persia Gulf Leoatleng Arabia. bolelele ba eona - 45 km SE, bophara - 330 dikhilomitha, botebo - 3695 km SE.
10. Zhosef Bonaparte. E mong ea bitsoang ho tlotla mor'abo rōna e moholo ea Napoleon. le sebakeng se seng km lisekoere 26780. Ka koung ena ba bangata oilfield.
11. Maputo. bolelele ba eona - 112 dikhilomitha, botebo ba - 16 limithara, bophara - 40 km SE. Ka koung ena e hantle ntshetswa pele ke lihlapi, haholo-holo makhala ho tšoasa litlhapi.
12. Saint Vincent. E mong oa silafala kholo ka ho fetisisa karolong e ka boroa ea Australia.
13. Persia Gulf. Ruileng mehloli ea oli. Ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa geopolitical mokhatlo. Area - 233.000 km lisekoere, botebo - 75 limithara, bophara - 320 dikhilomitha, bolelele - 925 Km.
14. Tajura. Hlatsoa Djibouti le Somalia. Ka etsa boikhathatso ba motse Ni Ashinova e ile ea hahoa ka sebaka sa eona tlas'a lebitso "New Moscow".
15. Phang Nga. Ke ratoa bahahlauli eang teng. Area - 400 sq. km SE.
16. Kou ea Martaban. Hlatsoa mabōpong a Myanmar. Bolelele - 150 km le nako e telele - 220 dikhilomitha, botebo ba - 20 m.
17. Kou ea Mannar. The limela ruileng le liphoofolo ka Leoatleng la Indian. Lehae la mefuta e fetang 3.500 ea litlhapi. Nts'etsoa pearling. National Park ile ha thehoa naheng ea Koung, hamorao o ile a re ka biosphere pokello.

The likou tsa Leoatle le Lefubelu a Leoatle la Indian

1. Aqaba. Lilemong tsa morao tjena phomolo e fumanweng bohlokwa. Bolelele - 175 dikhilomitha, bophara - 29 km SE. West Bank ke ea Egepeta, ka Bochabela - Saudi Arabia, North - Jordan le Iseraele.
2. Makadi. E hohela bahahlauli ba le mabōpo a lona hlollang le likorale. Ke Bay otlolla bakeng sa 30 km SE hammoho le lebōpo la Leoatle le Lefubelu.
3. Kou ea Suez. Asia Sinaiysky arola hloahloa ho tloha Afrika. Bolelele - 290 dikhilomitha, bophara - 55 km SE.

tlisang liphallelo

Ea liphallelo ea Leoatle la Indian e tšoauoa ka botebo ea eona ea orilla bitsoa Indian bohareng orilla. Ho otlolla hammoho le lebōpo le ka bophirimela la dikontinenteng tse di potlana Indian. Botebo karolelano ea tse ka holimo e le 3,5 km SE-hang. Libakeng tse ling ho e fokotsehile 'me e ka bang 2,4 km SE. Mora orilla ena arola. Lekala la pele tsoela ikutloeleng bochabela 'me a fihla naheng ea Leoatle la Pacific, hoo e ka bang ho ama Antarctica,' me e qetella ka Boroa-bochabela Indian Ridge, botebo ba e - 3,5 km SE.

ea lekala e 'ngoe o ea Antarctica ho ea ka boroa le e qetella ka e le orilla bitsoa Kargelen-Gausberg, botebo bonyane ka holimo tseo - 0.5 km SE, palo e kahodimodimo - 2.3 km SE.

Central Leoatle la Indian orilla arola ka fapaneng-boholo bo lekaneng likarolo tse peli: ka bochabela le ka bophirimela. Located ka naha ea ka bochabela Basin Indo-Australia le Afrika Australia, botebo seo ka sona fapana ho ea 500 ho 7455 m. Karolong e ka leboea-bochabela ea Basin le Indo-Australia ke tebileng ka ho fetisisa ho tepella maikutlo, e leng o na le Leoatle la Indian. Botebo ba leoatle, hantlentle ho feta, ntlha ea eona phahameng ka ho fetisisa, e haufi le sehlekehleke sa Java (7455 limithara).

The tlase ea Leoatle la Indian e karolong e ka bophirimela ea seo sa liphallelo e fapane haholo ho tloha ka bochabela, e rarahaneng ho feta ho sebopeho. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore ea bobeli, hangata e etsoa le keketseho bohlokoa ka tlase ho (ka a bale litsenyehelo ea hore maemong a mangata o hlahisa boholo e nyenyane ea sehlekehleke sena) le tokisetso lekane ya libeisine le.

Ho ea ka leboea ea sehlekehleke sa Madagascar e teng beisine bitsoa Somali, botebo seo ka sona ke 5.2 km SE. Ho ea ka boroa ea sehlekehleke sena e ke sehlabeng, lebitso la Crozet, pota-potiloe ka mahlakoreng 'ohle ba libeisine le. Botebo holim 'a eona e 2,5 km SE-hang. Ha u tsamaisa ho ea ka leboea-bochabela, ho na le ke Central Indian Basin. Botebo holim 'a eona e ya 5.5 km le hole. Pakeng tsa Madagascar le Crozet Islands, e nyenyane ho ea ka leboea, ke ho tepella maikutlo bitsoa Madagascar ka ka botebo ba 5,78 km SE. Ho ea ka boroa - beisine bao e leng ea Cape Agulhas, botebo seo ka sona - 5.5 go km SE. Ea liphallelo e Leoatleng la Indian ikutloeleng Antarctic tšoauoa ka ho se phethise ketso ea tlaase. Botebo ba sebakeng fihla 5,8 km SE.

Biota

Nature Leoatle la Indian sa tšoaneng le e thahasellisang haholo. Ke lehae la liphoofolo le limela tse tloaetseng ho komello kamehla le meroallo.

Batho ba bangata ba lebōpo la leoatle e chesang e mongobo ea Leoatle la Indian hlahiswa mirhi ya mangrove kapa Rhizophora (mangroves). Ea liphoofolo sebakeng leo ho ahiloeng ho ke mefuta e mengata ea makhala. Fish e bitswang mudskipper e lulang ho eona hoo e ka bang kaofela mirhi ya mangrove sebakeng sa Leoatle la Indian.

Ka metsing a sa tebang likorale e chesang e mongobo tloaetse ho phelang ka tlhapi bona le invertebrates tse ngata.

Ka libaka tse futhumetseng hōla sootho, 'mala o moputsoa-tala le e khubelu dimelametsing, boholo ba bona ba na le kelp le fucus mikrotsistisy. Har'a phytoplankton e laoloa ke diatoms, 'me libakeng tse chesang le tse mongobo - peridinians.

The crayfish tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa, e leng tse hlaheletseng haholoanyane ka Leoatleng la Indian, ke copepods. Hona joale ho na le tse fetang 20,000 mefuta. Ka sebakeng sa bobeli har'a liphoofolo tse phelang ka leoatleng, ho na le sesang le squid. Har'a tlhapi tsebahalang tuna, sailfish, tlhapi e fofang, dorado le anchovies khanyang.

Le kgethilweng la sebakeng sa leoatle le mefuta e kotsi. Lishaka, likoena le linoha tse chefo kamehla susumelletsa tšabo batho ba moo ba le.

Har'a liphoofolo tse anyesang Leoatleng la Indian e laoloa ke li-dolphin, maruarua, dugongs le liqibi. Linonyana - penguin, albatrosses le linonyana frigate.

letangoana la ho sesa

Ho sesa letamo Leoatle la Indian e sa tšoaneng haholo. Sena se akarelletsa linōka African - the Zambezi le Limpopo; linōka tse khōlō tsa Asia - the Irrawaddy, Salween; Eufrate le Tiger, e kopane le e mong feela ka holimo ho confluence ea Gulf; Indus psha kena Leoatleng le Arabia.

Ho tšoasa litlhapi le saltwater tšoasa litlhapi

mesebetsi ya moruo ya baahi mabopong e kopanela ka nako e telele. Ho fihlela letsatsing lena, ho tšoasa litlhapi le lijo tse tsoang leoatleng e le ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa moruo oa linaha tse ngata, tse hlatsoa ke Leoatle la Indian. Botebo ba leoatle fana ka limpho tse ea ruileng ho batho ba, ho etsa mohlala, ka Sri Lanka, ka leboea-bophirimela ho Australia le Bahrain Islands tsoela tlhahiso ea matla ea nacre le liperela.

Haufi le Antarctica batho ba kopanela ka mafolofolo whaling, 'me haufi le equator e phethahatsoa tuna ho tšoasa litlhapi.

Koung, teng mehloli ngata tsa oli, le tšimo ea lebōpong la leoatle ka bobeli, 'me tlas'a metsi.

mathata a tikoloho ea Leoatle la Indian

lintho tseo batho ba se entse hore ho liphello tse bohloko. Ocean metsi a haholo silafalitsoe, e leng butle-butle isang pheliso ea mefuta e meng ea lintho tse phelang metsing. Ka mohlala, mefuta e 'maloa ea leruarua lekholong la bo20 la lilemo morao ne tlas'a tšokelo ea ho fela. Haholo fokolitse palo ea sei le peō ea botona maruarua.

Ka 80s ea lekholong la lilemo la bo20 la lilemo ke Khomishene ka Whaling ile hlahiswa ka kakaretso thibelo tsoma bona. Tlōlo ea moratorium e tieo kotlo ho latela molao. Empa ka 2010, tlas'a tšusumetso ea linaheng tse kang Japane, Denmark, Iceland, thibelo, ka bomalimabe, ho ile ha hlakotsoe.

kotsi e khōlō ho tse phelang metsing ke tšilafalo ea oli leoatleng metsi, mefuta eohle ea litšila a nyutlelie le tšepe e boima. Hape, ka mose leoatleng ke oli tsela likepe tsa oli hore tsoele oli ho tloha ea Persia Gulf ho Europe. Haeba kaofela ha kotsi tšohanyetso etsahala ka ho tsamaisa tse joalo, ho tla etsa hore ripitlang batho ba bangata ba baahi ba ka tlas'a metsi.

Ithute jeokrafi e thahasellisang haholo, haholo-holo ha ho tluoa tabeng ea botle le baahi ba leoatleng. The lithuto fetisisa qaqileng Leoatleng la Indian 7 sehlopha sa tsa sekolo akaretsang. Bana ba ka cheseho mamela sohle tichere e ile ea re'ng ka seqhenqha ena e ntle le ea mohlolo, eo e tletse ho se tšoane limela le liphoofolo barui.