"Grad" tsamaiso - leholimong khalefo

multiple lonthja Lata tsamaiso e khopo "Grad" e tsebahalang esita le ho batho ba nang le libetsa le thepa sesole ha a na taba. Ho ke mojalefa e tobileng ea khanya sesole ea tsomo "Katyusha", eo e ne e le forerunners tsa mehla e mecha ea ho hōla ea litsamaiso libetsa, o tletse motheo tshebetso litšobotsi tse tsohle tlholeho le morago ga moo e meloko e MLRS: boholo nyenyane, phahameng tsamaiso, makala ha le matla a ho banadores le 'ngoe otla liphofu tse ngata ka libakeng tse kholo haholo .

Ho tswa ho salvo pele haholo "Katyusha", ho tloha eo lefatše le ema ka maoto a lona khama e tšehali, 'me le se sengata haholo Bofasista tla ka boemo ba tšohile,' me ho fihlela letsatsing lena malapeng Lata tsoibilang tse ka ho fetisisa tsa lefatše. Tsamaiso "Grad", kenela tšebeletso ea hona joale e hōle 1963, nkeloa sebaka ka "Katyusha" me ea e-mofuta motheo ea libetsa lerumo la Union Army. Ka lilemo tse ngata, tsamaiso ena e arabelang ha a tsebe lekanang har'a mefuta e tšoanang ea lerumo tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Behela "Grad", ntshetsopele ya eo ne a amoheloang ke taelo e khethehileng ea 'muso ka 1960, o ne a e moralo pele thehiloe ho feletseng e ncha, e-s'o ka se e sebediswa ditharollo boenjiniere. Ntlafatsa MRL kopanela NII-47, a eteletsoeng pele ke tsebo e sebetsa moqapi AN Gognichevym. "Grad" tsamaiso ne a etselitsoe ho nka sebaka e se felloe ke nako lerumo oona tsamaisong BM-14.

Ka mahlaahlela sebediswa ho kenya e 122-limilimithara projectiles phahameng-phatloha mofuta M-21-PF. Tsamaiso "Grad" o ne a reretsoe ho hatella libakeng la mahloriso tsa masole sera sa le likoloi armored, libetsa le seretse libeteri, diyuniti dithepa, tšireletso bunker, 'me lintlha nodal oa tšehetso. Ke hore, ho pharalla ha ditlhomo tsena e se e ho fapane ho haholo. Ho hlokahala hore a theha mofuta joalo atlehang oa libetsa ka nako eo bitsetsa ke ntoa tsitsipano pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea lipolotiki le ea consequent "ntoa a batang."

Tsamaiso "Grad" le bopilwe ka launcher mounted ka botlaaseng ba teraka Ural-375, mochine mollo taolo le likoloi khethehileng tsamaisa liqhomane le lefisa. diphetolo morago ga moo e kela sebediswa teraka phahameng leketla sefapanong Ural-4320. Lebelo la motsamao oa metsu tsena ke ho fihlela ho 90 km SE / H, eo e fana ka tsamaiso ka ho fetisisa phahameng le maneuverability.

Tsamaiso ea kajeno ea "Grad" nkile le jarolla ka ho iketsa e thunye khethehileng "Vivarium" e rarahaneng. Ho mello unguided 122-limilimithara projectiles. Ho fumana boitsebiso bo ka lefelo ea merero ea 'me sebōpeho sa tsamaiso ea lik'homphieutha sebetsa, e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ea leshala kaofela. Ke eketsa basebetsi ho hlongoa hlahisa banadores tsa metsotsoana e mashome a mabeli, le cooldown ke metsotso e supileng feela. Ikokobelletsa tsa mahlaahlela o etsoang ho tsoa sethaleng lefisa ea moralo e khethehileng. Staff mahlaahlela ka leshala le bopilwe ka volleys tse tharo. Sena ke ka ho lekaneng haholo ho senya morero oa hoo e batlang e leha e le efe.

Warhead MRL "Grad" eo morero oa - le warheads tataiso simolleng na le mashome a mane tubular tataiso bolelele ba 3 limithara le moqomo tsoaletseng bophara lekanang 122,4 limilimithara .. Horizontal le paatsepama tse boikaelelo jwa tsone ya projectile entse khethehileng e matla ka koloi ea motlakase.

Systems "Grad" ipakile nakong ea ntoa ea Afghan ka khohlano Karabakh le matšolo a mabeli Chechen. tsamaiso ena lerumo ke e khōlō ratoa hoo e ka bang linaheng tsohle Arab le African moo lintoa tsa lehae, hangata e ba le noabolohang le ka ho sa feleng botho ba hae.