Catalytic petsoha ea oli

Catalytic petsoha ea oli (fetoletsoe ho tloha Senyesemane - petsoha) - thulaganyou e theknoloji tse reretsoeng ho eketsa peterole ka lihlahisoa ke sebetsa e khethehileng ea likarolo tsa likaroloana tsa boima oli. Ha ho e lokisa e ka sehloohong ea sehlahiswa e fumanweng ka 5-14% ea kakaretso ea boima ba 'mele karolelano ea peterole e. Boleng ba mafura ka mor'a otlolohileng-matha distillation ha khotsofatsa se hlokoang ke theknoloji ea kajeno.

The catalytic ho petsoha peterole ka lihlahisoa ea eketseha le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba eona.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mogote (catalytic) petsoha ea: mokelikeli le mohato khase. Bakeng sa feedstock pele ke oli e boima, e fepa ka har'a sebōpi ka 600-625 ° C le tlas'a khatello e haufi le sepakapakeng. The khase-mohato catalytic petsoha se etsoa tlas'a maemo a tšoanang, empa ke lintho tse bonahalang e tala bakeng sa oli le khase (oli letsatsi). Ka petsoha mogote ea sebōpeho sa macromolecular alkanes carboxylic mabapi robehileng le thehoa molek'hule ea tlaase hydrocarbons limolek'hule boima, e ne e akarelletsa ho peterole karoloana:

S10N22 - S5N12 + S5N10.

Kahoo, ho tloha holimo-decane di thehoa dintho tse peli (phelelang le hydrocarbons unsaturated) ka tlaase boima ea limolek'hule.

Catalytic petsoha se etsoa ho ba teng ha sethothetsi (butswe letsopa kapa aluminosilicates) ka mocheso oa 470-530 C tlas'a khatello ea ho tloha 70 ho 370 kPa. Ba ka sehloohong e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa ho tshebetso ke khase oli, peterole ka lihlahisoa le palo yohle boima ba oli ka fihla 30-40%. Ka lebaka leo, o fana ka tlhahiso ea peterole - ke thata le ho ja nako e ngata tshebetso. Ho ntlafatsa boleng ba sehlahiswa e tlosoa sebopeho alkenes lona le alkynes, eo ka linako tse ling nka ho fihlela ho 30% ya boima palo yohle.

Ka tšebeliso ea theknoloji e popontshwa le peterole ka lihlahisoa ka tshebetso ya ho distillation ea oli e ka ba ho fihlela ho karolo ea 80 lekholong. Ho hlahloba boleng ba mafura mokelikeli li octane. Ka mafura sampole le thepa phahameng antiknock le ile la khethoa isooctane kapa 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

octane lona nkoa lekana le 100. Ka sampole le tlaase-tlaase qoso antiknock thepa ea n g-heptane: S7N16, octane palo (RON), e leng ho nkoa lekanang 0. Ho fumana ena li-index detonation thepa bapisoa le thepa ea peterole motsoako oa isooctane le n g-heptane.

Mohlala, sehlahisoa ka octane palo ea 80 e na le e le 'ngoe thepa detonation, tse kang motsoako oa 80% isooctane le 20% n g-heptane. A phahameng octane, ho molemo boleng ba mafura le. Eketseha pontshi ena pholosa mafura le pholosa matla a ya enjene combustion e ka hare. sehlahiswa e phaella ka ho re, 'me metsoako e meng, ho akarelletsa le hydrocarbons le hlahang ho yona maiketsetso,' me antidetonators (dintho hore ka concentrations bonyane (ha le leholo ho 0.5%) ntlafatsa antiknock thepa ea mafura e). Pele ho sebelisetsoa merero tsena tetraetilplyumbum. Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore ntho ena e nang le chefo haholo, ho ile ha nkeloa sebaka ke antiknock tse ling, tse entsoe ka dikgokelo margantsevoorganicheskih. dintho tsena tse ka tlaase ho moo nang le chefo e ho 'mele ea rōna le ho etsa hore ho ka khoneha ho hlahisa mafura a le octane diyuniti lekholo le mashome a mabeli le makholo a mahlano le mashome a mararo.

peterole thekenoloji ho hlahisoeng

Ke ka ho toba distillation fumana peterole le octane ho fihlela ho 91. Mokhoa ona ke kajeno - ka botho, hobane ka lihlahisoa tsa peterole e tlaase. Ho eketsa ka lihlahisoa ya mafura le ho ntlafatsa boleng lona sebelisa pheta hape distillation, catalytic, mogote petsoha, ho sokolla, joalo-joalo

mekhoa ena eketsa litšenyehelo tsa mosebetsi o boima, lekhetlong le matlotlo a, empa feela ba fana ka tlaase ho moo ba kotsi ho tikoloho peterole. Ho eketsa octane ba kajeno hangata e sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ya dikhemikhale (alcohols, organometallic metsoako, ethers, joalo-joalo).