-amino acid: Biochemistry, tlhophiso

Bakeng sa mosebetsi e feletseng ea 'mele oa motho, ho phetha mesebetsi eohle eo u lokela ho ja lijo tse nang le lihaha-'mele, mafura, lik'habohaedreite. Lihaha-'mele, le liprotheine tse metsoako ea sele, kahoo motho a hloka lijo tse nang le protheine. ke amino acid eng? The Biochemistry tsa metsoako tsena - taba ea bohlokoa eo re lokelang ho nahana e qaqileng le ho ithuta.

acid ka ho khetheha amino

metsoako tsena tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tswakana ea limolek'hule protheine. Ka tlhaho, ho na le tse fetang amino acid tse lekholo le mashome a mahlano a fapaneng, empa eseng kaofela ha bona ke ea bohlokoa hore 'mele oa motho. Seo re se hlokang e amino acid e ke? Biochemistry 20 tsa metsoako tsena ile a ithuta ka ho qaqileng ka ho bo-rasaense tse ruuoang le linaheng tse ling. Ho ile ha fumanoa hore leshome le metso e ba bona ba khona ho tsa maiketsetso ka 'mele oa motho,' me ka lilemo tse robeli feela amino acid e mong lokela ho fumana ho tloha dijo.

tlhophiso

Nahana ka tse ling tsa amino acid e. Biochemistry, tlhophiso ea tsena metsoako manyolo e akarelletsa ho arohana sa lihlopha tse tharo tse khōlō:

• bohlokwa tswang lijo. dintho joalo ke ke tsa maiketsetso ka hare ho 'mele oa motho;
• Fapanyetsana thehoa 'mele, ho oela ho eona, hammoho le protheine e nang le lijo;
• Fapanyetsana conventionally hlahiswa ho tloha metsoako ea bohlokoa.

thepa senotlolo

ke eng thepa 'meleng le lik'hemik'hale tse-amino acid? The Biochemistry tsa metsoako tsena fana e le maikutlo a ea litšobotsi tse tsa bona tsa mantlha. -amino acid na lintlha tse phahameng qhibiliha, ho phethahetseng qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi, ba le bonaletsang foromo.

Eng hape ba tšoauoa ka-amino acid? Biochemistry moralo ba bontša ho ba teng ha limolek'hule k'habone le mosebetsi Optical.

litšobotsi tse lik'hemik'hale

thahasellong ea bona e Biochemistry. Aminoacids - sebopeho e ka sehloohong ea peptides. Ho ke kopantseng litlhaka kahare maloa amino acid e ka sebopeho mong guttate ke tswakana tsa protheine molek'hule. Ha sebelisoa ka monna glycine phofo kapa matlapa, ka potlako 'me ho bonolo ho kenella ka hare tsa ntho manyolo maling. thahasellong ea bona e Biochemistry. Amino acid, liprotheine, lik'habohaedreite, mafura - dintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tšebetso ea ba phelang phelang. Ha ba hlaha phahameng lefu khaello.

-amino acid tse amphoteric metsoako bontša thepa kopanetsoe lik'hemik'hale.

Se boleloang ke likokoana-hloko

This sehlopha sa tsa metsoako ea naetrojene-e nang le boikarabelo bakeng sa tswakana ea limolek'hule le protheine ka 'mele oa motho. Tabeng ea haelloa, ho na le mathata a tebileng le tsamaiso ea methapo. Ke eng hape e ke ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa 'mele oa amino acid? Biochemistry metsoako tsena amphoteric e hlalosa bohlokoa ba tsona bakeng sa biosynthesis tsa glycogen ka sebete. palo lona lekaneng isang lefu tebileng. Har'a ka mabaka a ka sehloohong bakeng sa lebaka la ho hloka 20 bohlokwa-amino acid, lingaka li bitsoa mafu a ho ja, tšebeliso e mpe ea joala, maemo a hlophisitsoeng khatello ea kelello. E le hore ho qoba depletion tsa 'mele (ho qoba khaello protheine), o lokela ho e kenyeletsa ya lebese le lijo, nama, lihlahisoa tsa soya.

thepa duality

Ke lintho life na le amino acid e? Biochemistry metsoako tsena ka lebaka la ho ba teng ka limolek'hule tsa lihlopha tse peli tsa tshebetso. Tsena metsoako lik'hemik'hale na le carboxyl (acid) COOH sehlopha, hammoho le tse amines. Joalo makgetheng mehaho hlalosa makgetheng bona lik'hemik'hale.

Ho tšoana le acid manyolo le diminerale bontšitsoe itšoare ka tšepe mafolofolo, oxides motheo, makalana, matsoai ea acid fokola. acid ka ho eketsehileng amino ba ka khona ho kena ka lik'hemik'hale itsoara joang ka alcohols ho theha esters. Ho ba teng ha amino sehlopha hlalosa sebelisana bona le acid tsa mochine mofani-acceptor oa puisano.

Classification le nomenclature

Ho itšetlehile ka sebakeng sa lihlopha tse carboxyl le ka arola metsoako tsena manyolo ho alpha,,, beta,-amino acid. The dinomoaro tsa carbon liathomo moo ka har'a carbon qala latelang sehlopha acid e.

Ka k'hemistri manyolo ka thōko amino acid e ho ea ka palo ea lihlopha tsa tshebetso: motheo, ho se nke lehlakore, asiti.

Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta wa radicals hydrocarbon hangata classified acid tsohle amino ka mafura (aliphatic) heterocyclic, metsoako nkhang hamonate le sebabole-e nang. Ka mohlala, e nkhang hamonate amino acid e ka emeloa ke acid e 2 aminobenzoic.

Ke nomenclature hlophisitsoeng tlas'a sehlooho sa sehlopha sena sa metsoako manyolo palo li bontša boemo ba amino sehlopha, ka nako eo eketsa lebitso la ketane k'habone, e akarelletsang carboxyl sehlopha. The alfabeta Segerike e sebelisoa ka ketsahalo eo acid e amino e tla ea bitsoang ke nomenclature hase ea bohlokoa.

Ha molek'hule e na le tse peli tse tshebetso (amino), ka lebitso mme bo hlalosang le le ketapele sebediswa: diamino-, triamino-. Bakeng sa acid polybasic amino ka sehlooho se reng a phaella ka ho acid e triol kapa diol.

Features isomers le tlhahiso ea-amino acid

Fuoa khethehileng ea mohaho lik'hemik'hale tsa baemeli ba sehlopha sena ba lintho tse phelang, ho hlwaya 'maloa mefuta ya isomerism. Ka ho tšoanang, acid carboxylic ka metsoako tsena amphoteric, ho na le isomers tsa k'habone masapo.

Hape o ka etsa isomers le tokisetso e fapaneng ya amino tshebetso e. Thahasella ke isomer Optical tsa sehlopha, e leng lumella ho hlalosa bohlokoa ba tsona likokoana-hloko tsa lintho tse phelang.

E le lintho tse bonahalang e le e tala bakeng sa tswakana ea nylon e leeme acid e aminocaproic. Ke hydrolysis ka fumanoa 25 bohlokwa-amino acid. Ho na le tse ling mathata a amanang le karohano ea motsoako sephetho le ea metsoako amphoteric. , Ho phaella ho hydrolysis ea limolek'hule protheine ka tsa maiketsetso ke itšoara-amino acid ke itšoara joang galogenhzameschennyh Gel-Volhard-Zelinsky.

-amino acid thehoa nakong ea dithulaganyo tsa hydrolysis liprotheine tsa lijo le. dintho tsena di moaho litene, tseo le hlaha ka lebaka la go lebagantsha meroho le liphoofolo lihaha-'mele, ho tlala ea 'mele oa metsoako ea bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo ba lona e feletseng ea.

Ka mohlala, tabeng ea mokhathala matla, le bakoang ke tshebetso e boima, mamello e abeloa ho le reiti e khethehileng ea-amino acid. Le asiti glutamic e phethahatsoa ho phekola mafu a tšohile, liso tsa ka maleng gastric hlokahala ho sebelisa histidine. Ka temo, ho amino acid e sebelisoa e le apara ka holimo bakeng sa liphoofolo ho kgothaletsa kgolo ya bona le ntshetsopele.

bofello

-amino acid tse amphoteric metsoako manyolo phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho litšila ba batho le liphoofolo. Ha ngata lekaneng ya e mong oa tsa bohlokwa amino acid, ho na le mathata a tebileng a ho kula. A e feletseng protheine lijo ke ntho ea bohlokoa haholo-holo nakong ea bocha, hammoho le ba ileng ba utloa bohloko ka ho sa feleng ho ikoetlisa, ba kopanela ka mafolofolo lipapali.