Alleles - tlhaloso likhopolo le, mekgwa ya ho sebelisana

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Genotype akarelletsa tse ngata tse liphatsa tsa lefutso, e leng ka lehlakoreng le ketso e le unit trust e le 'ngoe. Mothehi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso, Mendel, mangolong a hae, o ile a hlalosa hore na o ile a fumana e mong monyetla feela ho sebelisana alleles - ha ho na le busa ka ho feletseng (ata) oa e mong oa alleles e, ha a ntse a ea bobeli e ntse e recessive ho feletseng (etseng letho, ke hore, ha a amehe .. sebelisana). Leha ho le joalo, ha re se re bolela hore poleloana e reng phenotypic tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso (ka ntle, bonahaleng pono) a ke ke feela e itšetlehile ka e 'ngoe kapa para ea liphatsa tsa lefutso hobane ke ka lebaka la ho sebelisana ea tsamaiso eohle.

Ha e le hantle kopana liprotheine le potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, empa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso.

The makalana liphatsa tsa lefutso li khetholloa mefuta e 'meli feela ea sebelisana phatsa ea lefutso - pele e na le ka sebelisana tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso allelic, ka bobeli, ka ho latellana, bao e seng allelic. Feela lokela ho utloisisoa 'me lehlakoreng le lintho tse bonahalang tse taba ena, hobane ha sebelisana bopa dikgopolo tsa efe kapa efe ho tswa ho buka e baletsweng,' me liprotheine tse tsa maiketsetso ka lenaneo le itseng ka ho cytoplasm ea lisele, 'me palo ea liprotheine tsena ka limilione. Lenaneo la ka boeona e, e leng tla tsa maiketsetso ke liprotheine le ka lebaka leo, e tla hlahisa sebelisana bona ka ho eketsehileng itšetlehile ka liphatsa tsa lefutso e le hore o sebeletsa litaelo Link ho ka chromosomes ea sele (organelles ultraskopcheskie lisele tse).

Seo liphatsa tsa lefutso li bitsoa alleles?

liphatsa tsa lefutso Allelic - ke liphatsa tsa lefutso e lula e tšoanang le "sebaka" (kapa loci) ka chromosomes ena. Mong le e mong phelang phelang o na le alleles ka para ya. The sebelisana tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso allelic ka etsahala ka litsela tse ngata, tse bitsoang: kodominirovanie, superdominance, e feletseng le fellang busa.

liphatsa tsa lefutso Allelic sebelisana motheong oa busa ka ho feletseng ha 'muso o hlaheletseng lethal gene bohato feletseng overrides recessive. Fella busa kamano ea ka bitsoa, eaba ho phatsa ea lefutso recessive e hatella ha ka botlalo 'me a fumana, le hoja bonyane, ho kopanela sebopeho sa mekhoa phenotypic.

Kodominirovanie le hlaha ha liphatsa tsa lefutso allelic ikitlaetsa thepa tsa bona ntle ho e mong le e tse ling. Mohlomong mohlala ho fetisisa ea tšoantšetso ke kodominirovaniya oona tsamaisong AB0 mali oo nosi sebetsa bobeli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso e le ho B.

Superdominance - ke ho eketsa boleng ba liponahatso phenotypic la phatsa ea lefutso e ka sehloohong ha ho "hammoho" le recessive. Ke hore, haeba a le mong allele tse 2 liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka sehloohong, ba hlaha hampe ho feta phatsa ea lefutso e ka sehloohong, teng "ka kopanelo" le recessive.

allelism multiple

Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, e mong le e kozalaka phelang ka 'na ba 2 feela alleles allelic phatsa ea lefutso empa e ka ba tse ling tse ngata ho feta tse peli tse - ketsahalo ena e bitsoa multiple allelism. Re feela hore a bonahatse phenotypic mekhoa e ka ba e mong feela para ea alleles, ke hore, ha ba bang ba mosebetsi oa, batho ba bang phomolo.

Hoo e ka bang kamehla homologous (tšoanang) allele nang le boikarabelo bakeng sa ntshetsopele le ho ponahalo ea pontšo e tšoanang, empa fapana ka boleng ba bontshiweng lona. Hape allelism multiple tlholeho ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng sebelisana phatsa ea lefutso. Ke hore, le hoja ba ba na le boikarabelo bakeng sa pontšo e tšoanang, empa, pele, e bontša ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng, 'me bobedi ho, ka mefuta e fapaneng ya mekhoa (botlalo, leeme busa ba bang,' me joalo-joalo).

E ne e tla bonahala eka, ke hobane'ng ha le pherekano ee joang? Ho e bonolo - ka kokoana-hloko ke le seleng ea ka e ntseng e se phelang ka feela fumana para e 'ngoe ea alleles homologous, empa tseo tsohle tse teng, se rarolla ka ho joalo. Ho ena le ho finyelloa dipharologano fa la dimela tse phetha karolo e khōlō ka ho iphetola ha lintho ba libōpuoa tse phelang tse.