Sebelisana phatsa ea lefutso

Gene - le mehaho ya ka yuniti ya lesedi inheritable. E emela karolo e itseng itseng tsa DNA molek'hule (ka linako tse ling RNA). sebelisana phatsa ea lefutso e fana ka ho fetiswa ha matšoao motheo tsa botsoali phelang bana.

E mong le e phatsa ea lefutso ea etsang qeto tšobotsi e itseng, eo e ka ntle ho thuso ea ba bang. Ba khona ho sebelisana. Sena se ka etsahala ka lebaka la ha e le hantle hore ho na le e amanang le lefa la la liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ha kopanngoa ka genotype eo ba neng ba sebetsa e le tsamaiso ea. The likamano tsa motheo pakeng tsa bona ke 'muso o hlaheletseng' me recessive.

Batho genotype - likete matšoao (tsamaiso), e leng e ka lumellane chromosomes 46 feela. E mong le e ba bona ba na le palo e khōlō ea liphatsa tsa lefutso (bonyane 30 likete tse).

Ntshetsopeleng ya tšobotsi e itseng e ka 'na ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea phatsa ea lefutso ho feta feta a le mong,' me palo e ba tse kokangana mahala tsela. Joalo sebelisana liphatsa tsa lefutso e bitsoang polymer (haholo rarahaneng). Ho ea ka mochine ona, ho na le lefa la 'mala oa letlalo, moriri,' me tse makholo-kholo lintho tse ling.

Ka lebaka la sena palo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho fana ka tšehetso le ntshetsopele ya phelang e tobileng, e bopilweng ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ho khetheha lisele tse le farologantswng la. Monna eo o ile a tsebahatsa ka 200 mefuta ea lisele le diyuniti tse eketsehileng ka 'maloa tse khethehileng le mefuta tshebetso le morphological ea lisele.

liphatsa tsa lefutso komponeng ka chromosome e hlalosoa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso clutch telele. All bao e leng sehlopha se tšoanang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e amana ba se futsitseng hammoho nakong ea sebopeho sa diretswe go dira gametes.

Palo ea lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso sa lekaneng clutch. sebelisana peli lebasetere e tšoauoa ka hore clutch ha ho ya melao Mendelian. Leha ho le joalo, litleneng ka ho feletseng ke ka seoelo haholo. E le busa, ka bana ba bontša phenotypes tsohle tse 'nè.

Abelwang karolo ya allelic le ditshebeditsano phatsa ea lefutso bao e seng allelic. Alleles - tsena ke mefuta e meng ea phatsa ea lefutso e tšoanang.

Allele - sebelisana bao e leng banyalani ba tšoanang oa liphatsa tsa lefutso allelic. Ponahalo bath e ikemiselitse hore ba se feela busa kamano eo, empa hape palo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ka genotype ena.

Alleles khona ho theha maqhama 'joalo, e le busa ba ka ho feletseng (ha phenotype tsa heterozygote ke sehlahisoa sa feela e phatsa ea lefutso le' ngoe) le ho fella (the phenotype tsa heterozygote ho fapane le ho phenotype tsa homozygous tšobotsi e ka sehloohong le recessive, ho nka ea bobeli (lipakeng) boleng ho bona Kodominirovanie -. A itšoara liphatsa tsa lefutso allelic ha heterozygotes na le phenotype bobeli sehlahisoa.

Nonallelic - e le hantle'moho le tse peli (kapa ho feta) bao e seng allelic liphatsa tsa lefutso. E ka ho bontšoa ka mokgwa wa epistatic e tlatsetsang ho, kapa ho fetola sebelisana polymer.

Sebelisana nonallelic liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka lelefatsa ka tsela e fapaneng, e le ho khetholla mefuta e 'maloa.

Tlatsanang - sebelisana le nosi Mendelian liphatsa tsa lefutso ka genotype mong le ho etsa hore ponahatso ea tšobotsi leha e le efe le 'ngoe.

Polymer - le phello e tseloe ea 'maloa tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso bao e seng allelic ka sebopeho sa tšobotsi ho khetheha e etsang hore e tswelang pele phetoho fapaneng ya quantifiable. Polymer ke cumulative le noncumulative. Tabeng ea pele, lipontšo tsa nomoro ikemiselitse tsa alleles laolang liphatsa tsa lefutso polymeric tse genotype ena. Tabeng ea bobeli, ka tekanyo e oa bath ikemiselitse feela ke ho ba teng ha allele ka sehloohong le e ikemetse ea palo ea tsona.

Epistasis - the hatelloang tsa phatsa ea lefutso e ka sehloohong allele mong nonallelic pele. Kapa hatelloang oa liketso tse ka sehloohong le alleles recessive ka gipostatichnom phatsa ea lefutso recessive allele epistatic teng puso homozygous.

The e tlatsetsang - tšobotsi develops ka ketso bobeli la liphatsa tsa lefutso 2-e ka sehloohong, e leng tšobotsi ea batho ka bomong ha bakela.

Ho fetola - The fetola tsa ka sehloohong liphatsa tsa lefutso bao e seng allelic mabapi le modifiers bona. phatsa ea lefutso e mong a ka sebetsa haholo-holo ka ho laola ntshetsopele ya tšobotsi e le modifier mabapi le tsoelo-pele ea lintho tse ling.

The sebelisana ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e kamehla hlokomela, ha liphatsa tsa lefutso 'maloa ama sebopeho sa e le boemo e itseng ea ntho e phelang e khethollang.