Gene liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso. allelism multiple

Multiple length allelism rerang ho heterogeneity phenotypic tsa baahi ba batho. O ile a, le eena, ke e 'ngoe ea makalana tsa mefuta-futa phatsa ea lefutso letamo. Multiple length allelism bakileng ke liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso phatsa ea lefutso, tseo fetola tatelano ea makalana nitrogenous ka DNA molek'hule kabelo eo e lumellana ho phatsa ea lefutso e itseng. liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso tsena e ka ba kotsi, le molemo kapa se nke lehlakore. Kotsi phetoho qholotsa lefu lefa, e leng e tse amanang le allelism ngata. Mohlala, e tsejoang phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso tse fetola sebōpeho sa e mong oa haemoglobin ketane protheine ka fetola glutamic acid e khoutu ya khoutu valine (amino acid) ka phatsa ea lefutso e ka karolo e itseng qetello. Ka lebaka la phetoho ena e tsoelang pele e sa tloaelehang ena liphatsa tsa lefutso e sekele seleng ea khaello ea mali. Superdominance e loketseng ha e le hantle hore ka boemo heterozygous, e matla le ho feta le pontšo ea lisele tse ka sehloohong ho feta tse homozygous. ketsahalo ena e ileng a itšoara ka phello e heterosis le ka ho buisana le makgetha a ho joalo e le nako kakaretso ea bophelo, a solofetsa le ba bang. Ho batho, joalokaha e etsahala eukaryotes a mang, allelism multiple khetholloa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng. Ho na le boetse ho na le palo e kholo ea litšobotsi Mendelian tse laolwang ke ditshebeditsano fapaneng. Alleles - mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng, e mong ka tlhaho ho phatsa ea lefutso e tšoanang, e leng ba sebakeng chromosomes homologous libakeng tse e tšoanang.

Ha bonelang pele e le lefa le melao Mendelian, e mong a ka a bale kgonego ya bana ba nang le 'ngoe kapa tse ling tse modelling tšobotsi. Ho sekaseka litšobotsi tsa phetoho ea ho tloha molokong o mong ho e mong e le loketseng ka ho fetisisa wa katamelo methodological sebetsang sebakeng sa hae ka meloko mokhoa, eo e thehiloe ho hahoa pedigrees.

Ke lokela ho re ka phenotypic pontšo ea phatsa ea lefutso e le 'ngoe le ho ama liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ling. Jwalo ka mehlala ea ditshebeditsano e rarahaneng phatsa ea lefutso ka 'na etsa hore melao ea ka e le lefa la oona tsamaisong RH palokatiso: RH mpe le RH khothatsang. Ha ba ntse ba ithuta ho ka 1939, e leng selemo mali serum ea mamello, ke mang ea tsoetseng ngoana e shoeleng, 'me e neng historing ea tšelo ea mali monna e sebeletsanang le yona Abo lisireletsi sehlopha li ne li hlokometse. Ba li ne li bitsoa RH lisireletsi, 'me sehlopha se mali a mokuli - RH-negative. RH ea HIV mali sehlopha ikemiselitse ke boteng holim'a erythrocyte sehlopha itseng tsa antigens tse khouthollotsweng ke liphatsa tsa lefutso mehaho e phethahatsoa. Ba, le eena, a etsa tlhahiso leseding polypeptides lera.

Kenya letsoho hore ho sa phokotso ea bohlokoa ho solofetsa le fella ka lefu la 'mele oa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse bolaeang. Di hlophisitsoe ka lihlopha tse peli. Pele ke liphatsa tsa lefutso recessive. Ba qholotsa lefu la 'mele feela ka boemo homozygous. Ka sehlopha sa bobeli ke liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka sehloohong. sekgahla sa hoo ho ka khoneha 'me ka boemo heterozygous.

Pontšo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le bolaeang ka ho ketekoa ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea ho hōla ka bomong. Ho methati pele-pele (fetal lefu), le mekhahlelo morao haholo (fetal lefu, susumelletsang motho ho senyeheloa, tsoalo ea liphoofolo tsa litonanahali tsa nonviable). Ntle le ho shoa ha batho, e tsejoang le liphatsa tsa lefutso halofo bolaeang. Ha ba etsa hore lefu le o potlakang ea phelang, empa haholo ho fokotsa solofetsa tsa lona.

Laolang liphatsa tsa lefutso bolaeang ba teng le lintho tse ngata e le nyenyane haholo ho bapisoa le recessive. Bakeng sa sehlopha ka sehloohong ke Merle lebaka. Bajari liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka sehloohong , haeba a lakatsa, o ka habonolo tlosoa ho ikatisa, kaha ba na le phenotype bath. Karolo ea phatsa ea lefutso bolaeang qholotsa anomaly tebileng, e leng karolo tse ding - ho hloka taolo ya dithulaganyo fisioloji.