Types of meelelo lexical mantsoe ka puo eo Russia

A sehloohong sena a re sheba mefuta e bolela lintho lexical mantsoe le hlahise tlhophiso bona tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa a bōpa ke V. V. Vinogradovym.

ke eng se boleloang lexical?

Ha re ntse re tseba, ho na le mantsoe a mabeli a bolelang - sebōpeho-puo le lexical. 'Me haeba se boleloang ke sebōpeho-puo e thata le tlholeho ka palo e kholo ea mantsoe, e lexical kamehla le batho ka bomong.

moelelo Lexical ba bitsoa e tsitsitseng ka likelellong tsa ya relatedness puo mecha ea phatlalatso ea lintho kapa liketsahalo tsa 'nete le tse itseng diyuniti molumo oa puo e rarahaneng. Ke hore, se boleloang ke lexical bua ka diteng, bath tsa lentsoe le itseng.

Re tlil'o tšohla, ka motheo oa ea eo mefuta secrete meelelo lexical mantsoe. Ntan'o hlahloba e mong oa classifications ratoang ka ho fetisisa.

Types of meelelo lexical

Labeled semantic Correlation mantsoe tse sa tšoaneng tsa puo ea Russia lumella u ho khetholla mefuta e fapaneng ya tokens. Ho fihlela joale, ho na le systematisations ngata makgabane joalo. Empa ho nkoa ka tlhophiso ho fetisisa e feletseng e sisintsweng ke V. V. Vinogradovym sehloohong ba hae ba e biditseng "The mefuta e tsa motheo tsa meelelo lexical mantsoe." typology ena re sekaseka ka ho eketsehileng.

ho ea ka Correlation ho

Ka Kgetho ya (kapa Correlation) etsa qeto ea ho abelwang karolo ya makgabane e 'meli tokens - sebele le ea tšoantšetso.

boleng otlolohileng, hape ho thoeng ke tse khōlō kapa tse kgolo - ke boleng bo bontšang lipono tse makatsang sa ntho ea sebele, lefatše la sebele. Mohlala: ho sebelisa lentsoe "tafole" e bua ka karolo ea thepa ea ka tlung; "Black" e leng carbon ba batsho le ba mebala; "Phehang" bolela woman take bubble, pheha, mouoane ka futhumatsang. sebopeho-puo ona ke ka ho sa feleng 'me e ka tlasa feela liphetoho tsa histori. Mohlala: "tafole" ba boholo-holo ho ne ho bolela "puso ea", "terone" le "motse-moholo."

Mefuta motheo ea meelelo lexical kamehla arotsoe ka tse nyenyane, tseo re li ipakile ka nako ena, ho bua ba hlaphohetsoe likelellong ea sebele le ea tšoantšetso.

Khutlela sehlooho ka sehloohong, o ka eketsa hore mantsoe le faotsoeng ba ka tlase ho ba bang, ho itšetlehile ka moelelo oa taba le mantsoe a mang. E ka hona ho nkoa hore melao ea boitšoaro tsena na le mabapi tlaase-tlaase syntagmatic le ho fetisisa paradigmatic conditioning.

nkehang habobebe

Types of meelelo lexical mantsoe di fuwa ka lebaka la puo phelang Russia, eo e atisa ho sebelisa puo papali, karolo ea tsona e le ho sebelisa mantsoe a ka tsela ea tšoantšetso.

makgabane joalo ke e loketseng ho fetisetsa lebitso la Sepheo e mong ho 'nete e' ngoe ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa mesebetsi tšoana generality joalo joalo.

Kahoo, lentsoe la e bile khona ho ba le melao ea boitšoaro tse ngata. Mohlala: "tafole" - 1) ho bolela "sengoathoana sa thepa" - "mochine tafole"; 2) ka kutloisiso ea hore "matla" - "fumana kamore e nang le tafole"; 3) ka kutloisiso ea "ho arohana ka ho thehoa ho" - ". Roundtable"

E na le palo e sa melao ea boitšoaro e nkehang habobebe e le lentsoe "lethopa": 1) se boleloang ke "bontshiweng ka lengolo la tse phahameng tsa" - "ho leng thata mosebetsing"; 2) ka tsela e feteletseng bontshiweng maikutlo - "pheha ka khalefo."

makgabane nkehang habobebe li thehiloe atamela likhopolo tsena tse peli ka thuso ea mefuta e fapaneng ya litloaelano tse utloisisoang habonolo ke libui matsoalloa a teng. hangata haholo makgabane sa tobang na litšoantšo moholo: mehopolo ba batsho pheha ka khalefo. Tsena dipolelwana tšoantšetso ka potlako e tsitsitseng ka leleme, ebe oela hlalosang mantsoe e.

Nkehang habobebe makgabane ka setšoantšo se ikemetseng ba tšoauoa ka botsitso bona le reproducibility tsa ditshwantshanyo ea, o ile a qapa ke bangoli, liroki le publicists, e le ea bobeli ke tieo ea botho.

Leha ho le joalo, hangata haholo nkehang habobebe, litekanyetso lahleheloa ke litšoantšo tsa bona bakeng sa libui tse matsoalloa a teng. Mohlala, "mehele tsoekere", "phala koba", "chime" ha e sa nkoa e le tlhakantsuke boikakanyetsi. ketsahalo ena e bitsoa setšoantšo timele.

Types of meelelo lexical mantsoe ke se hlahang ho yona

Ho itšetlehile ka tekanyo e sa labeled semantic motivirovatsii (kapa hlahang ho yona) abelwa:

• Susumellelitse Image (mahareng kapa derivatives) - tswang melemo le derivational affixes slovoproizvodnoy botlaaseng.
• Unmotivated lentsoe (mathomo kapa batho bao e seng sehlahisoa) - ba u se ke ua itšetleha ka boleng ba morphemes ho akarelletsa ho hlophisoa ha mantsoe.

Mohlala: unmotivated ho kenyelletsa lentsoe "u hahe", "tafole", "e tšoeu". Bakeng sa susumetsoa - "a thepa ea mohaho", "tafole", "pate" hobane mantsoe ana ho ile ha thehoa ka unmotivated, ho phaella moo, mantsoe a na le mehloli e ka sehloohong ho thusa utloisisa se boleloang ke tokens e sa tsoa thehoa. Hore ke "pate", le nkiloeng ho tloha "tšoeu" le bolela "ho etsa tšoeu."

Empa hase lintho tsohle e bonolo ho le joalo, tšusumetso ea ba bang ba ea mantsoe a ba hase kamehla e le ka ho hlaka bontša ka boeona e, ka puo eo e fetola, 'me hase kamehla ho bonolo ho fumana motso ea histori ea lentsoe. Leha ho le joalo, haeba u qeta and analysis etymological, hangata ho ka khoneha ho fumana mabapi pakeng tsa boholo-holo, mantsoe a bonahalang haholo dissimilar 'me u hlalose moelelo bona. Ka mohlala, re ithuta ka mor'a tshekatsheka etymological Mantsoe "mokete", "mafura", "lesela", "fensetere", "leru" theohileng ka "noa" ho "phela," "sotha", "leihlo", "e hula" ka ho latellana. Ka lebaka leo, ho ke ke ha ho kgonehe kamehla ho bao e seng baruti ho tloha ka lekhetlo la pele ho khetholla lentsoe tloha unmotivated susumellelitse.

Types of meelelo lexical mantsoe ka sebeletsana

Ho itšetlehile ka sebeletsana lexical bolelang oa lentsoe ka aroloa:

• Free - ha e le hantle feela a thuto.bafuputsi-utloahalang dikgokelo. Mohlala: "seno" ka ho kopantswe feela ka mantsoe a bontša mokelikeli (tee, metsi, Lemonade, joalo-joalo), Empa e ke ke ea hlola e sebelisoa le mantsoe "li matha" mofuta "botle", "bosiu". Kahoo, ha e kopana le mantsoe ana tla laoloa thuto.bafuputsi ba sebeletsana kapa lumellane likhopolo tseo ba li emela. Ke hore, e leng "tokoloho e ngata" ho sebeletsana mantsoe joalo ke ho ena tloaelehileng.
• Bao e seng mahala - menyetla mantsoe ana ba feela lexical ho kopantswe. ho sebelisa ha bona ka puo e itšetlehile ka taba eo-e utloahalang Ntlha e, 'me ke puo. Mohlala: lentsoe "droop" ka ho kopantswe le mantsoe a reng "mahlo a", "talimela", "mahlo", ha a ntse a mantsoe a ke ke correlated le tokens tse ling - ha ba re "droop maoto."

Bao e seng ntle mefuta meelelo lexical ya mantswe Russia:

• Phraseology amanang - rekiswa feela ka tsitsitseng (kapa maeleng) motswako. Mohlala: sera hlapanyelitsoeng - ha sebelisoa motsoalle e hlapanyelitsoeng, ntle leha e le ea ka mongoli oa puo papali.
• Syntactically masusu - rekiswa feela maemong tseo ha lentsoe le tlameha ho etsa mesebetsi e mosebetsi e sa tloaelehang bakeng sa hae. Ka mohlala, lentsoe "katiba", "eike", "kena" ba predicates, e hlalosang monna e le tsa morao tjena, hlabang, bungler, tse hlokang boikutlo, ho hloka bohato ba pele. Phetha mosebetsi ona, lentsoe kamehla gets bukkake Ranked ka setšoantšo le meelelo tšoantšetso mofuta.

Ke melao ea boitšoaro syntactically masusu ba elang sebopeho lexical, tse ka a hlokomela feela maemo a itseng syntactic. Mohlala: "vortex" fumana moelelo oa tšoantšetso feela ka mokgwa wa genus ba. n g -. "setsokotsane ea liketsahalo."

ka mosebetsi

Mefuta jarelang lexical boleloang ke mantsoe a ka ho abelwa ho itšetlehile ka mofuta wa mesebetsi e phethwang:

• Nominative - lebitso tsoa lentsoe "thonngwa", 'me e bua ka o reha lintho, liketsahalo le litšoaneleho tsa bona.
• Itlhalosang-labeled semantic - ka mantsoe ana e fetoha 'muso o hlaheletseng connotative wafflelemon (maikutlong-hakanngoa).

Mohlala nominative mantsoe ana: "telele monna" - polelo ena tsebisa ba momameli ea hore motho eo e bath ea khōlo ea phahameng.

MOHLALA labeled semantic mantsoe itlhalosang joalo ho tšoana le ho e hlalositsoeng ka holimo, lentsoe "phahameng" e nkeloa sebaka ke "e telele" - hore u fumane boitsebiso bo eketsa ho phahameng kgolo ya disapproving, mpe hlahlobo ya ho hōla. Kahoo, lentsoe "lanky" itlhalosang ke ho tsoana le lentsoe "phahameng".

lipuisanong mofuta

Mefuta motheo ea meelelo lexical mantsoe Russia, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta wa kamano tsamaisong lexical ya boleng e mong le batho ba bang:

• Correlative boleng - mantsoe, le khahlanong le hore e mong le e tse ling ka mabaka a leha e le efe: e ntle - mpe, hōle - haufi.
• Ema-feela boleng - mantsoe batlang e ikemetseng ho beha dintho itseng: setulo, e leng lipalesa holong.
• Deterministic makgabane - lentsoe sephetho ho tswa ho boleng ba mantsoe a mang, kahobane ha ba itlhalosang le stylistic variants ea lentsoe "hack" ka lebaka la lentsoe "Pere", "ntle", "tse hlollang" - "molemo".

se fumaneng

Ka tsela eo, re ho tse thathamisitsoeng ya mefuta e bolela lintho lexical mantsoe. Ka bokhutšoanyane e kenyeletsa likarolo tse latelang hore lyagla motheong oa tlhophiso e fanoeng ke re:

• Sehlooho-tlhaloganyong tlhaeletsao mantsoe kapa likamano paradigmatic.
• kamano ea Syntagmatic kapa kamano ea mantsoe a mong ho e mong.
• Khelosoa kapa tokens derivational mabapi.

Ka ho ithuta ha tlhophiso bolela lintho lexical, re ka utloisisa hantle hore na mohaho labeled semantic mantsoe ka ho qaqileng ho feta ho utloisisa likamano tsa systemic hore di se di thehoa lokota ea puo ea kajeno.