The Second World Ntoa. Ka la 1 September, 1939 - September 2, 1945 Jeremane hlasela Poland ka la 1 September, 1939

Ka histori ea lefatše, ho e nahana hore letsatsi la ho qala ha Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše - 1 September, 1939, ha mabotho a Jeremane e ileng a sebetsana le bohloko ho Poland. The lebaka la sena e ne e le mosebetsi oa lona ka ho feletseng 'me a hapa sebaka sa States tse ling. Ka lebaka leo, Brithani le Fora o ile a phatlalatsa hore ba kene ntoeng le Jeremane, e leng o ile a qala ho bōpa le-ba khahlanong le Hitler a entseng selekane. Ka matsatsing ana, mollo European flared fihlela ka matla sitoang ho ithiba.

Lenyora iphetetsa sesole

Matla a ho khanna leano le mabifi la Jeremane la thirties e ne e le ho hlahloba ho meeli European, e thehilweng ho latela le Selekane sa Versailles ea 1919, matlafaditswe liphello tsa molao ho ipolaea nakoana pele ntoa e lala. Joalokaha u tseba, Jeremane nakong ea letšolo la atleha bakeng sa eona se lahlehile 'maloa tsa naha tsa hae pele ho moo. Hitler likhetho tlhōlo ka 1933 haholo ka lebaka la ho letsetsa hae ho iphetetsa sesole le ho khomarela libakeng tsohle Jeremane lieu ke Majeremane merabe. ipolela ha jwalo O fumane samjun tebileng lipelong tsa bakhethi, 'me ba mo fa dikgetho tsa bona.

Pele ho ne ho se hlasele 'Poland (1 September 1939),' me ka ho toba ho feta selemo pele, Jeremane entse Anschluss (a hapa) tsa Austria le ile a hapa ba sebaka se Sudetenland ea Czechoslovakia. Ho kenya tshebetsong merero tsena, 'me ho itšireletsa khoneha ho hanyetsa ea Poland, Hitler o ne a se hlabileng le bona ka 1934 selekane khotso,' me ka lilemo tse 'nè ho ea ka mafolofolo bopa ponahalo ea setsoalle. Setšoantšong e fetoha haholo ka mor'a hore Sudetenland le karolo e khōlō ea Czechoslovakia li ne li nkoa ka mahahapa a khomaretse ho Reich. Ka lentsoe le le lecha utloahetse le mebuso ba Jeremane mafelong aa dumelwetsweng go motse-moholo Poland.

Jeremane e bolela le ho leka ho hanyetsa ho

Pele ho la 1 September, 1939 ka sehloohong Jeremane ditlaleo paballo ya naha khahlanong le Poland ne, pele tefong, naha ea eona, haufi le Leoatle la Baltic le arola Jeremane ho tloha East Prussia, 'me bobedi ho, Danzig (Gdansk), e neng e ka nako eo boemo ba motse o free. Maemong ao ka bobeli, e Reich phehella ha feela mesebetsi e amanang le lipolotiki, empa hape feela moruo. Tabeng ena, Poland 'Muso e na le khatello ea sebetsang ho eona, baemeli ba Jeremane.

Nakong ea selemo ka e Wehrmacht ka nka karolo ea Czechoslovakia, e leng ntse bolokoa boipuso lona, ka mor'a moo ho ile ha totobala hore ho ba sethaleng tlang e tla ba ho Poland. Summer ho Moscow lipuo li ne li tšoaroa, baemeli ba linaha tse 'maloa. mosebetsi oa bona e ne e ho ntshetsa pele mehato European tshireletso le ho bōptjoa ha selekane lebisitsoe mabifi Sejeremane. Empa o ne a sa thehoa ka lebaka la boemo ba Poland ka boeona. Ho phaella moo, le sepheo se setle ha ba reretsoe hore ho hlokomela, 'me molato oa barupeluoa ba a mang, e mong le e ba tse loha merero bona.

The lebaka la sena e ne e le selekane joale tummeng hampe ya saenelwa ke Molotov le Ribbentrop. Tokomane ena e Guaranteed Hitler bao e seng tshitsiso ya lehlakoreng Union ka ketsahalo ea mabifi, 'me ho Fuehrer ile a fana ka taelo ea hore ho qaleha ha ntoa e.

Tsa lihlopha tsa masole bakeng sa ntoa le provocations ka moeli

Hlasela Poland, Jeremane o ne a sebelisa monyetla bohlokoa palong ea basebetsi ba mabotho a bona, 'me thepa ea bona botekgeniki. E o tsejoa hore nakong ena ea mabotho a bona a hlometseng baloa likarohano mashome a robong e robeli, ha Poland 1 September, 1939 ba ne ba feela tse mashome a mararo e robong. Plan ho inkela sebaka Poland jereng khoutu lebitso "Weiss".

Ho kenya tshebetsong, ho ba taelo ea Jeremane e ne e hlokahala e le lebaka la boikaketsi, 'me mabapi le Intelligence le Counterintelligence ile etsoa letoto la provocations, eo sepheo e ne e le molato ho qhoma ha ntoa ho batho ba Poland. Basebetsi ba lefapha la khethehileng tsa SS, 'me batlōli ba molao, a thaothoa tloha lichankaneng tse fapa-fapaneng Jeremane, bo apere liaparo ntlhobolisa le hlometse ka libetsa tsa Poland, letoto la litlhaselo tse ka libaka tsa Jeremane teng tsohle hammoho le moeli oa.

Ho qaleha ha ntoa e: 1 September, 1939

Ka tsela eo ile a bōpa ketsahalo eo e ile kholisang ho lekaneng: tshireletso ya lithahasello tsa lona ea sechaba khahlanong encroachments ho tswa ho ka ntle. Jeremane hlasela Poland ka la 1 September, 1939, 'me kapele ka mor'a hore United Kingdom le France fetohile barupeluoa ba ka lintho tse etsahalang. mola naha pele otlolla bakeng sa km lekholo lesomethataro, empa tse ling tse ho feta eo, Majeremane a ile a sebelisa lebotho la metsing bona.

Ho tloha letsatsing la pele la khopisa eo battleship Jeremane o ile a bula mollo ka Danzig, eo ho eona palo e khōlō ea metšoasong lijo ile ka tsepamisa maikutlo. Motse ona o e-ba tlhōlo ea pele hore ba ile ba tlisa Second World Ntoa Majeremane. Ka la 1 September, 1939 o ile a qala tlhaselo ea eona naha. Ho ea qetellong ea letsatsi la pele ho ile ha phatlalatsoa tshwaragano tsa Danzig ho Reich.

The hlasela Poland 1 September, 1939 atlehe matlotlo a tsohle ka ho lahla ba mabotho a Reich. E o tsejoa hore hoo e ka bang ka nako li ne li beha metseng ea libomo khobokana kang Wielun, Chojnice, Starogard le Bydgoszcz. Fetisisa game swat undergone Vilyun moo o ile a shoa letsatsing leo baahi ba lekholo leshome le metso e, 'me ba etsang liphesente tse mashome a supileng tse hlano tsa mehaho li ile tsa senngoa. Le eena a tsoang libomo tsa Manazi ka ho teba ameha metse e meng e mengata.

Liphello tsa ho qhoma ha ntoa Jeremane

Ho ea ka pele e neng e ntshetswa pele ma mwango mosolotogamaano, September 1, 1939 o ile a qala buuoa ho felisa moea Poland tsamaiso ea lifofane, e thehiloeng ka airfields sesole likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tsa naha. Tsena Majeremane tlatsetsa tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea mabotho a sona fatše le feptjoeng lipalo menyetla ea ho redeploy mabotho a ntoa ka terene, hammoho le ho tlatsa qadile nakoana pele rotloetsa le. Ho lumeloa hore ka letsatsi la boraro la ntoa Poland Air Force ile timetsoa ka ho feletseng.

masole a Jeremane pele khopisa ho latela morero oa, "Blitz Krieg" - lehalima ntoa. Ka la 1 September, 1939, ha a entse tlhaselo ea hae e bolotsana, Majeremane tsoetse pele tebileng ka har'a naha, empa libakeng tse ngata ba ile ba kopana ho hanyetsa ba bohale bo tšosang tlaasana ho ba ka matla a diyuniti Poland. Empa sebelisana ya diyuniti motorized le armored lumella ho fana ka bohloko sithabetsa. 'mele oa bona o ile oa tsoela pele, ho hlōla ho hanyetsa ba diyuniti Poland, tingoa monyetla oa ho se utloane le ho ikopanya le General Staff.

ekiloeng ba entseng selekane le

Ho latela ho saena ka May 1939 tumellano, mabotho a Selekane ne ho tloha mehleng ea pele ea mabifi Jeremane ka bohle bo teng ho thusa lipalo. Empa ha e le hantle, ho ile ha fumaneha fapaneng haholo. Liketso tsa mabotho ana a mabeli a ne hamorao bitsoang "phony ntoa." 'Nete ea hore ka letsatsi le ha ho na le e ne e le tlhaselo ka Poland (1 September 1939), e le lihlooho tsa dinaheng bobeli romeloa ho ba boholong Jeremane e ultimatum ho khaotsa ntoa. Sa hore re amohele karabelo e ntle, ea mabotho a Fora a tšela 7 September le moeli oa Jeremane sebakeng Saar.

Ntle le ho kopana le ho hanyetsa efe kapa efe, ba, leha ho le joalo, ho ena le ho ntshetsa pele khopisang bo eketsehileng, ho nkoa molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa bona sa ho tsoela pele ho loana eaba ke qala ho khutlela ho 'maemong a bona a pele. The English tloaelo feela e rulagannya ultimatum ena. Kahoo, a entse selekane le ka bolotsana a ekoa Poland, ba siea ba hae ho iphepe bakeng sa bona.

Ho sa le joalo, litsebi tse phetseng mehleng e ile a nahana hore tsela eo ba lahleheloa ke monyetla o ikhethang oa ho emisa tlhaselo ea Manazi le ho pholosa moloko oa batho e khōlō ka tekanyo e nako e telele ntoa. Bakeng sa sesole tsohle matla a lona ea Jeremane ka nako eo ne ke sa na le mabotho a lekaneng ho ea loantša ka shebaneng tse tharo. Bakeng sa ho eka ena ea Fora lefile haholo bakeng sa selemong se latelang, ha ka lehlakoreng le Bofasista tla tsamaea literateng tsa motse-moholo oa eona.

Ntoa e khōlō ea pele

Ka mor'a beke Warsaw ile ea behoa tlas'a bohale bo tšosang e le sera sa onslaught, 'me o ne a le hantle, khaola ho tswa ho diyuniti ka sehloohong ea lebotho la. O ile a ba hlasela metso e tšeletseng Panzer botseta Wehrmacht. Ka thata e khōlō, basireletsi ba motse ba ile ba khona ho thibela sera. Sireletsa motse-moholo, ho eketsa ho fihlela 27 September. The capitulation morago ga moo e bolokoa ho tloha timetsoa ka ho feletseng le ho ke keng ea qojoa. Bakeng sa nakong eohle etellang Majeremane nkile mehato e matla ho inkela Warsaw: 'ngoe feela letsatsi 19 September 5818 pula e na libomo, tse bakileng tšenyo e khōlō ho liemahale buka e ikhethang meralo le, ha ho letho ka batho.

Major ea ntoeng matsatsing ao hlahile ka nōka Bzura - e mong oa melatswana tsa Vistula. Tse peli Poland lebotho la bakoang bohloko sithabetsa ho ketsahalo e phahameng ea Warsaw bo8 Karolo ya Wehrmacht. Ka lebaka leo, Majeremane a ile a tlameha ho tsoela pele ho itšireletsa, 'me feela a tla ho e pholosa ho bona reinforcements fana ka bohlokoa tlhamiwe bophahamo ba ile ba fetola tsela ea ntoeng. Poland lebotho la sitoa ho mamella mabotho a bona phahameng. Hoo e ka bang lekholo le likete tse mashome a mararo batho ba ile ba isoa le motšoaruoa, 'me tse seng kae feela o ile a khona ho theoha ha "pokothong" le senya ka ho motse-moholo.

A fetoha a sa lebelloang ea liketsahalo

ma mwango itšireletsa e ne e thehiloe tumelong ea hore UK le Fora, ho phetha boikarabelo ba ho hlokomela e le motsoalle e, ho nka karolo ntoa. Ho ile ba nahana hore ho mabotho a Poland, ba ikhula ho ea ka boroa-bophirimela ho naha, thehoa e matla ho itšireletsa bridgehead, ha Wehrmacht ba ne ba tla tlameha ho fallela e le karolo ea masole ho maemo a macha - bakeng sa ntoa le ka shebaneng tse peli. Empa bophelo ba entse litokiso tsa lona.

Matsatsi a seng makae hamorao ba mabotho a Red Army, ho ea ka ya melaoana eketsehileng lekunutu Union-Sejeremane bao e seng mabifi tumellano, a kena naheng ea Poland. Sepheo se ea molao ea ketso ena e ne e le ho etsa bonnete ba tšireletseho ea Belarusians, Ukrainians le Bajuda ba lulang libakeng tse ka bochabela tsa naha. Leha ho le joalo, phello sebele tsa selelekela tsa masole e ne e le kamohelo ho Soviet Union nomoro ea masimong a Poland.

Hlokomela hore ntoa e ne e lahlehile, Poland phahameng taelo ea tlohetse naha, 'me ho hokahanngoe ho eketsehileng tsa liketso tsa etsoa Romania, moo fallela ka ho tobetsa le moeli oa se ka molao. Ka lebaka la inevitability ea Mosebetsi ea naha, baeta-pele ba Poland, eaba li khetha masole a Soviet Union, o ile a laela ba hae baahi-'moho le eena a se ke a nehelana ka bona ho itoanela. Hore e ne e le phoso bona ikemiseditse ka lebaka la ho hloka tsebo ea 'nete ea hore liphello tsa bobeli bahanyetsi ba bona ba tshwarwa ka moralo pele ho hokahangoa.

Ka sehloohong ntoeng e khahlanong ho qetela ea lipalo

masole a Soviet Union exacerbated boemo se mahlonoko tseo ho leng ea lipalo. Ka nako ena e thata, re lahlela tse peli la ntoa bona toughest ka masole a kabelo ea ba ba neng ba e le bakeng sa nako eohle eo e fetile tloha ka la 1 September, 1939 ha Jeremane hlasela Poland. A 'maloa a bona ntoa e fela ka apare noka Bzura. Bobeli ba bona ba, ka karohano ea matsatsi a 'maloa, o ile a nka sebaka haufi le toropo ea Tomaszow Lubelski, hona joale kenyelelitsoe profinseng eo Lublin.

The ntoa wa borumuwa lipalo e ne e akarelletsa matla a mabotho a mabeli a ho senya ka mokoallo Jeremane, ho thiba tsela e eang Lions. Ka lebaka la lintoa tsa nako e telele le sabbath bloody sabbath lehlakoreng Poland a utloa bohloko lahleheloa e boima, 'me e le motšoaruoa ea Majeremane e neng e fetang mashome a mabeli tse sekete Poland mabotho. Ka lebaka leo, Tadeusz Piskor ile a tlameha ho phatlalatsa inehele tsa pele bohareng eteletsoe pele ke mo.

Qadile September 17 Ntoa ea Tamashuvom Lubelski hang a qalella ka matla a nchafatsoa. fa setlhopha se kopane e ile ea e-ba teng ke mabotho a Poland tsa Northern Front, ka bophirimela petelitsoe ke bosupa lebotho la botseta Jeremane General Leonarda Vekera, 'me ho tloha ka bochabela - e le karolo ea Red Army, se sebetsa ka Majeremane ho latela leano la' ngoe. Ho hlakile haholo hore fokolisa ya tahlehelo kgale le tingoa buisana le boeta-pele ba kakaretso sesole, lipalo ne a ke ke mamella matla a hlasela entseng selekane le bona.

Tšimoloho ea likhukhuni ntoa le ho thehoa ha lihlopha tsa lenyele

By 27 September Warsaw e ne e ka ho feletseng matsohong a Majeremane, ba neng ba khona likarolong tse ngata tsa ho feletseng silakanya le ho hanyetsa ba diyuniti lebotho. Leha ho le joalo, esita le ha naha eo kaofela e hapa, ka taelo ea Poland e se saenela kofuto ea inehela. Naha e se e ho pharaletseng malala likhukhuni mokhatlo oa e eteletsoeng pele ke balaoli ba mosebetsi oa lebotho la ka hlokahala tsebo le ho loantša ho boiphihlelo. Ho phaella moo, esita le ka nako ya ho hanyetsa a sebetsang a ho Manazi Poland taelo ea qala ho haha e pharaletseng a ka tlas'a lefatše mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa bitsoa "Tšebeletso bakeng Tlhōlo Poland o."

Results ea hlasela Poland

The hlasela Poland 1 September, 1939 e ile ea fela ka ho hlōloa lona le likarolo tse latelang. Hitler rerile ho bōptjoa lipopae boemo ba hae le tšimo ea ka hare ho meeli ea 'Muso oa Poland, e leng ne e le karolo ho tloha 1815 ho 1917 ka Russia. Empa Stalin o ne a hanyetsa morero oa, e ne e le lireng popota leha e le efe thuto Poland sechaba.

tlhaselo Jeremane ea Poland ka 1939 le e ileng ea latela ho hlōloa ka ho feletseng ho qetela e ileng ea nolofalletsa ba Soviet Union ka lilemo tseo ke motsoalle oa Jeremane, khomaretse meeli lona sebakeng se seng limithara tse lisekoere 196.000. km le le ka lebaka la ho ena eketsa palo ea baahi ba ka ho batho ba limilione tse 13. Moeling o motjha arohane libakeng la diseke ee ea bolulo ea Ukrainians le Belarusians ho tloha libakeng tse sa histori leo ho ahiloeng ho ke Majeremane.

Ha a bua ka tlhaselo e Jeremane ka Poland ka September 1939, re lokela ho hlokomela hore ho ba mabifi Jeremane boeta-pele ba ile ba khona ka kakaretso ya ho fihlela merero ea bona. Ka lebaka la ntoa e moeling o ka ba East Prussia fallela ho fihlela ho ea Warsaw. Taelo palo 1939 ba liprofinse Poland nang le baahi ba batho ba fetang robong le tse halofo fetoha karolo ea Puso ea Bonazi.

Molao e sireletsa karolo e nyenyane feela ea naha pele, o laoloa ho Berlin. motse-moholo oa sona e ne e le Krakow. Bakeng sa nako e telele (ka la 1 September, 1939 - September 2, 1945) Poland bile le monyetla oa ho fokolang hore ba tsamaisa leano leha e le ikemetseng.