Contemporary likhopolo tse Sociological

Kahisano ka saense e ka ba ile ba qala ho ntshetsa pele lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ka mesebetsi ea French rasaense Auguste Comte. Mothehi oa thuto ea kahisano Auguste Comte pele o ile a re ho hlokahala hore a bopa ea saense sechabeng. Ke eena mothehi oa tataiso positivist.

Mekhahlelo ea Ntshetsopele ya thuto ea kahisano

   Mathata a amanang le taelo ea sechaba, ho nahana ka Plato le Aristotle ka Greece ea boholo-holo, T. Moore, Francis Bacon le Machiavelli ka Renaissance, Thomas Hobbes, John. Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu mehleng ea kajeno.

Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, thuto ea kahisano o qala ho ntshetsa pele ka mafolofolo. Ho na le mesebetsi ea Herbert Spencer, Comte, Marx, Engels. lekhetlong lena ka ho bitsoa sethaleng pele ya ntshetsopele ea saense ea sechaba (1840-1880 GG.).

Mokhahlelo oa bobeli (1890-1920 GG.), The ho iphetola ha lintho tsa saense ea tsa sechaba e 'nile ea amahanngoa le ntshetsopele ya mekhoa ea sociological and analysis le ntshetsopele ya sethusathuto ke setlhopha. Positivist emoloa Herbert Spencer le Auguste Comte a tsoela pele ho ntshetsa pele ka mesebetsi ea French rasaense Emile Durkheim, ea ka mongoli oa khopolo eo, e thehiloeng ka tlhatlhobisiso tshebetso ya ditheo tsa sechaba. Around nako ena, ho qala ho ba le sekolong saense ea Max Weber, mothehi oa 'kutloisiso "kahisano, eo, ka lebaka la hae, ba lokela ho utloisisa ketso ea sechaba' me ba leka ho hlalosa hore na ntshetsopeleng lona le sephetho.

Mohato boraro (1920 ho ea ho 1960) e tšoauoa ka e le qalo ea ntshetsopeleng mafolofolo tsa kahisano United States, ka karolo ea eona bonahetseng. Bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mothating ona ke hore thuto ea ho Talcott Parsons, e re fa monyetla oa ho emela setjhabeng ka mofuta oa matla sebopeho tsa tshebetso. Charles Mills o ile a bōpa joalo-bitsoa "thuto ea kahisano a macha", e leng se ileng sa ntshetsopele ya kahisano ea nkang khato le mahlonoko.

. Mokhahlelo oa bone ka ho ntshetsa pele ea saense, e qalileng ka 1960, emela tse ngata tse atamela, dikgopolo, nomoro ya bangodi: Robert Merton khopolo, ethnomethodology H. Garfinkel, khopolo ea tšoantšetso interactionism G. Mead le G. Bloomer, khopolo lintoa le Encoder ba bang.

Contemporary Sociological Theory

Oa pele oa ho etsa and analysis mehaho-functionalist ho ithuta tsa sechaba, e ne e le A. Radcliffe-Brown. O ne a nka setjhabeng e mosa ea superorganism e nang maemo 'ohle a hlokahalang bakeng sa ho ba teng ha seo e le hantle, ho na le diinstitusene tsa sechaba. B. Malinowski itse khopolo ea mosebetsi le ho sebelisoa mokgwathupelo functionalist ho ithuta setso. Parsons o nkoa e le mothehi oa tsamaiso-tshebetso ya kgopolo. E boetse e ntshetswa pele ea R. Merton, ea ileng a kenyelletsa taba ea hore likhopolo tsa bo-boemong ba.

Contemporary Sociological likhopolo tse kenyeletsa hape khopolo ea tšoantšetso interactionism, eo develops J. G. Mead le Charles Cooley. Botho ba lumeloa Charles Cooley, ke phello ea puisano. Botho ba motho oa ka sebelisana (sebelisana) pakeng tsa batho ka bomong. J. G. Mead tlhahiso ea ka maikutlo a hore batho ka bomong le tsa sechaba bohato tlameha ho thehoa ka thuso ea batho bao ho buuoang rekoa ke batho ba ka tshebetso ya ho tlhokofatso.

Ea kajeno likhopolo sociological ke ke a nahana kajeno kantle ho phenomenological kahisano A. Schyutsa, ea ileng a bolela hore liketsahalo teng ka ho toba le hopola ho ba le ha ba amanang le ho etsa liqeto tse utloahalang. P. Berger le T. Lukman ile ea tsebahala ka mosebetsi oa hae ka mosebetsi oa kaho ea sechaba sa ntho ea sebele. Ke Peter Berger le Thomas Luckmann sechaba se ka bang teng ka nako e le sepheo le subjective nete.

Isang baemeli ba mocha o-Marxism ne Adorno, Marcuse, Habermas, Erich Fromm. Marxists mantlha methodological melao-motheo: boitlamo humanism, positivism, le itima lintho tsa lona tsa melao ea boitšoaro ba ile ba kopanela le lintlha tse, ho lokolloa ha motho eo ho tswa ho mefuta e ngata tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho tlatlapuoa ka.

Bourdieu, mothehi oa structuralism hahang, a leka ho qoba ntoa tsa kahisano mogopolofela le bonahetseng.

Tsena ke tsa motheo ea kajeno likhopolo sociological.