The mefuta e ka sehloohong ea mabapi lesapo batho: sekemeng le tafole

The batho ba baholo 'mele 206 masapo, athe ka lesea le qetang ho hlaha ba palo ea bona e fihla ho 350, ka nako eo ka ho tshebetso ya ho bophelo ba hōla hammoho. Boholo ba bona ba di behuwe ka bobedi le unpaired dula 33-34. Khannoang ke lesapo le mesifa le tendons. masapo theha masapo: lesapo la mokokotlo, e ka holimo ka tlaase le e maoto le matsoho le lehata. Hore ho hokahanya hore ba mong le e tse ling tse, ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya bone bone.

Mesebetsi ya masapo batho

Ka sehloohong mosebetsi wa masapo le - e le le tshehetso bakeng sa litho tsa ka hare, hammoho le ho fana ka motho a le matla a ho susumetsa ho sebaka. E le hore ba ka katleho phetha masapo a bona ba lokela ho ba le, ka lehlakoreng le leng, matla a, e mong - ba elasticity le phutholohe. Bobeli ba mesebetsi tsena di fane ka ho kenyelletswa ka ho mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea masapo.

Ho phaella moo masapong tšehetso ba sirelelitsoe ho litho tse ka hare hammoho le litho tsa ka hare hematopoietic (ka lebaka la seponche lintho tse bonahalang a nang le khubelu lesapo moko).

Types of mabapi masapo

Ka batho, ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya bone bone: bataletseng, tubular, e tsoakiloeng, khutšoanyane 'me nako e telele. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya dikgokelo lesapo batho hore fana ka bokhoni ba masapo ho phetha mesebetsi ea lona. Ha ho na tlhophiso junifomo mefuta e mengata ea manonyello masapo. Ba bang ba mehloli ba arotsoe ka metsoako e 'meli masapo, batho ba bang - ka mefuta e meraro. Ho latela phetolelo ea pele, ho ke ke e etsoang ka mechine le tsitsitseng manonyeletso. Mofuta oa boraro, leo e seng bohle ngotsoe ke ho intša - ke seka-fallela kopanetsoeng. ka ho hlaka ho fetisisa emela mefuta tafole lesapo mabapi. Ka tlase li hlahisa mefuta e manonyello e etsoang ka mechine.

Tsoelang pele kapa immobile komponeng

mabapi tsoelang pele la masapo a - ba sa na le cavity le ba tsitsitseng. Bona hore e mabapi tsepamisitsoeng ka etsahala esita le ka ponahalo - meshed bokaholimo ba le roughness, nicks, ke hore, ba ile ba ba lekane.

Kopane le bokaholimo tse peli ka dinama tse nyenyane tse connective.

Mehlala ke metsoako masapo lehata, tse thehoa ka tsela lesapo kopanetsoeng.

metsoako tse ling ntse fused le mong ho e mong, i.e. lefufuru e nkeloa sebaka ke lesapo hore fana ka matla a ho lefapha ena e khethehileng. Joalo mefuta e fapaneng ya metsoako masapo ka lesapo la mokokotlo le ka bonoa sacral le, moo coccyx emela hlano intergrown coccygeal vertebrae.

Mokhoa oa ho boloka manonyeletso a immobility lesapo

Ka bone mehlaleng ea, immobility faneng ka litsela tse fapaneng, leha ho le joalo, ho na le mefuta e ka sehloohong ea dikgokelo lesapo ka tsela e tsoelang pele:

• Thaepa komponeng ke mofuta haufi-grained ya dinama tse nyenyane tse connective (lesapo haufi manonyeletso).
• Syndesmoses tse metsoako emeloang ke mokhoa oa ho dinama tse nyenyane tse connective (mohlala, forearm).
• Synchondrosises - sebelisa lefufuru (komponeng vertebrae ka lesapo la mokokotlo le).
• Synostosis, ke hore, dikgokelo lesapo (lehata bone bone, ho coccyx).

Pele le la bobeli lirapa - na le mefuta e sa dikgokelo masapo a batho ho sebelisa fapaneng mefuta ya dinama tse nyenyane tse connective, kahoo ba ile ba ba ile a bua ka metsoako e le fibrous.

Syndesmoses phetha mosebetsi bona ka ligaments, e ka ho eketsehileng ho matlafatsa masapo.

Khopolo ea ligaments ho

Li emela palesa thehoa libalaka rekere le collagen likhoele. Ho itšetlehile ka tse mofuta rena ka sosobaneng ho khetheha, ba aroloa ka rekere le collagen.

Ho itšetlehile ka thothometsa hlokahalang molumo masapo ligaments ka ba khutšoanyane kapa ka nako e telele.

Chelete le tsona tlhophiso lihlopha e le la manonyeletso - articular le eketsehileng-articular.

Mangata a hlokahalang hase feela hore bakeng sa mabapi la masapo, ba na le mesebetsi e 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:

• Foreime le karolo e qala ligaments mesifa.
• Tšoare le lokisa hammoho le likarolo tse ling tse sa tšoaneng tsa masapo kapa likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele (sacro-bugornaya ligament).
• Ka ligaments thehoa tse ling sebopeho anatomical (mohlala, beha kapa phomotse bakeng sa temana ea methapo ea kutlo 'me methapo ea mali).

Mefuta manonyello connective

, Ho phaella ho ligaments, masapo, metsoako e ka etsoa ka lisele connective le ho bitsoa lera la. phapang bona itšetlehile ka 'nete ea hore lera le tletseng ho le sebaka pakeng tsa masapo, le sebaka se pakeng tsa bona se seholo haholo. Maemong a mangata, lera la akarelletsa ho sebelisoa masela a rekere. Leha ho le joalo, ka mosebetsi di phetha karolo e tšoanang le ligaments ena.

The mofuta latelang ya dinama tse nyenyane tse connective mabapi pakeng tsa masapo a fontanelle ka. mofuta ona ho ka bonoa masea le bana ho fihlela ho selemo ho fihlela fontanels se overgrown. Ena sebopeho le nang le ho honyenyane likhoele rekere le e fanoa ka ho khetheha boitsebiso lipakeng. mabapi Sena se nolofalletsa masapo a lehata ho fetola phetolo ya temana ka kanale tsoalo.

seam e ka fumanoa ka ho ithuta, ho etsa mohlala, metsoako ea masapo ea lehata la. The seams e ka ba tsa dibopeho tse sa tšoaneng, ba nang le lebitso tshwanang - toothed, bataletseng, scaly.

Tjheseletsa tsa dithulaganyo alveolar amanang le meno. The dinama tse nyenyane tse connective sebakeng sena o bitsoa "periodontal". E na le mali ntle phepelo le innervation tšohile ka lebaka la ho methapo ea mali le likhoele methapo ea kutlo ka lintho tse bonahalang tse lipakeng. Ea ho hlophisoa e boetse e akarelletsa periodontal rekere le collagen likhoele.

diyuniti selefouno

Latelang mefuta dikgokelo lesapo - fallisetseng. Tsena li akarelletsa manonyeletso (diarthrosis). Discontinuous tsena mefuta ya metsoako ba bitsoa masapo a 'nete ea hore ho na le kamehla sebaka pakeng tsa bokaholimo bona. E le hore ho fana ka tsamaiso, ba akarelletsa ba bokaholimo articular ea komiki e kopanetsoeng le cavity.

dikarolo tsa

Articular holim - tsena ke likarolo tse ling tsa masapo, e leng lebagane le mong ho e mong ka komiki e kopanetsoeng. Di koahetsoeng ka lefufuru bitsoa articular.

E le hore e komponeng joalo kamehla ho pholletsa le bophelo ba motho ho phetha mosebetsi oa eona ka mokotla ho na le cavity tletse mokelikeli, ethylene bottom holim 'a koalo e. Ho phaella moo, mokelikeli eo a se etsang mesebetsi depreciation, ho fana ka manonyello mamello le fana ka hlokahala matla articular lefufuru.

Articular kopanetsoeng bokaholimo mokotla ho sireletsa khahlanong le tshenyo ho phetha mosebetsi ona e na le dikarolo 'maloa: mokelikeling le fibrous. Hare mokelikeling lera fana barui mali phepelo.

Ho phaella ho thepa ea motheo e tlamang le boikhethelo e ka ba teng ka e kopanetsoeng: lefufuru le ligaments, bursae, sesamoid lesapo le mameno a mokelikeling.

Classification manonyello ka entsprechen tse fapa-fapaneng

Manonyeletso ka 'na ba ya dibopeho tse sa tšoaneng: .. Globular, elliptical, bataletseng, saddle, joalo-joalo In latela lebitso lena tšoanang thōko le manonyeletso. Khetholla tlhophiso le boqapi ba ea tshisinyo - uniaxial, biaxial le multiaxial. Ke uniaxial kenyeletsa trochlear le manonyello cylindrical (mohlala, leqaqailaneng, interphalangeal). Peli barrel manonyeletso - ellipsoidal kapa saddle (the wrist-metacarpal, wrist). Ho phetha manonyeletso multiaxial le chitja sebopeho - ka mahetla, noka.

Ho ea ka sebōpeho sa e kopanetsweng ka nahana joalo, ka seo libakeng tse tla ba mokhatlo oa lona. Ka mohlala, bolo e bōpehileng joaloka lisebelisoa tshisinyo ka litaelo tse sa tšoaneng, ka hona ha ho ke a mararo-a selekane.

Ka sesebediswa sa khetholla manonyello le bonolo le le e rarahaneng. Mpa feela e na le masapo a tse peli tse, e rarahaneng - tse tharo kapa ho feta.

Le manonyello a ka phetha mefuta e latelang ho tsamaea: flexion-katoloso, abduction-adduction, ba chenchana (hare le ka ntle, hammoho le ea chitja).

Seka-fallisetseng masapo mabapi

Bangata ha ba lumele hore ba ikemetseng. Ke metsoako seka-fallela akarelletsa ba lefufuru thehoa, e le hore e, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha ba fallela e le manonyello, empa ho ba le lengolo la itseng ea fetoha le maemo.

Mofuta mabapi sebedisa lefufuru e nkoa e le e mong oa mefuta e mengata ea mabapi tsitsitseng - synchondrosis, eo e seng seka-fallisetseng, joalokaha ba bangata ba nahanang ka eona. Synchondrosises pakeng manonyeletso seka-fallela 'me ha ho phapang: nakong e fetileng ho na le ke cavity tse nyenyane, ka lebaka la ho e fana ka tsamaiso.

Polupreryvnye metsoako eo hape a bitsoang symphysis. Tlas'a maemo a itseng ba ka 'na hanyenyane diverge pakeng tsa bona. Kahoo, symphysis dikahlolo dumella pelehi ho etsa bonnete ba karolo ea lesea le ka kanale tsoalo.

ho ena le hore phetheha

Ho joalo, re ile ra kopana le mefuta e ka sehloohong ea manonyello tsa masapo a batho, libōpeho tsa bona le mesebetsi eo ba e etsang.

Ha le tšohla litaba tse kang mefuta e sa batho bone bone dikgokelo, litafole le lichate e tla ba bathusi ba molemo ka ho fetisisa, kaha li etsa hore ho ka khoneha ho bona ka ho hlaka le ho utloisisa tlhophiso eo.