The mefuta e ka sehloohong ea likhase

Nature tsebang e re tse tharo tsa sehlooho tsa efe kapa efe taba: tiileng, mokelikeli le gaseous. Hoo e ka bang mokelikeli leha e le ofe a ka fumana e mong le e ba tse peli tse setseng. -butle a mangata ke qhibiliha, mouoane kapa combustion e moeeng ka boele u dikahare. Empa ha le leng le khase ka 'na ba le karolo ea thepa e tiileng kapa sephalli. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya likhase, e fapana ka thepa ea bona, se hlahang ho yona le lintho tse khethollang ya kopo.

Tlhaloso le thepa

Khase - ntho eo e tšoauoa ka ho ba sieo ha kapa boleng bonyane la litlamo tsa intermolecular, hammoho le a sebetsang a tsamaiso ya likaroloana ka. thepa ea motheo, e nang le mefuta eohle ea meea e:

1. Fluidity, deformability, volatility, takatso ea ho e fumantsa molumo ea kamoo ba ileng ba liathomo le limolek'hule tsa hore le tlohele kapa tsoha mocheso eo bontša liphetoho tse ka matla ho tsamaea ka bona.
2. Ho na le, ka mocheso le tlas'a e leng keketseho khatello e ha bo hlahe ka fetoheng molaong puso mokelikeli.
3. Habonolo a petetswa, fokotswa ka bophahamo ba modumo. Sena simplifies tshwara le sebelisoa.
4. Fetisisa liquefied ke compression ka hare ho meeli ea itseng oa khatello le mocheso makgabane mahlonoko.

Ke inaccessibility ho etsa lipatlisiso a hlalosa ho sebelisa entsprechen tsena tsa motheo: mocheso, khatello, bophahamo ba modumo le molare boima.

Classification ea depositi e

Ka tikoloho tsa tlhaho mefuta eohle ea meea e ka moea, fatše le metsi.

1. Komponeng ea moea: oksijene, naetrojene, carbon dioxide, argon, naetrojene monoxide le litšila Neon, krypton, hydrogen, methane e.
2. Ka karolo e ka holimo ea naetrojene, hydrogen, methane e le hydrocarbons a mang, carbon dioxide, oxide e sebabole le ba bang ba le boemong ba gaseous kapa mokelikeli. Hape, ho na le mobung khase ka karoloana tiileng ka admixture le dikarolo ea metsi ka lebaka la likhatello tse ka bang 250 ATM. ka thempereichara e batlang e le e tlase (20 ° C).
3. The matangoana na le likhase tse qhibilihang ka har'a - chloride hydrogen, ammonia le hampe qhibilihang ka har'a - oksijene, naetrojene, hydrogen, carbon dioxide et al a.

lirafshoa hole leta khoneha nomoro ya artificially a bōpa.

Classification ke flammability

Mefuta eohle ea likhase, ho itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tse boitshwaro ba thothetsang molelo le combustion e dithulaganyo ba arotsoe ka oxidizing, inert, le chang.

1. Oxidants le ho kenya letsoho ho mollo retardant, empa ba u se ke ua chesa: moea, ea oksijene fluorine, chloride, naetrojene monoxide le dioxide.
2. Inert ha le seabo go tuka ga molelo Leha ho le joalo, ba atisa ho li leleke oksijene le tšusumetso e ka thulaganyou e phokotso e matla: kang helium, Neon, xenon, naetrojene, argon, carbon dioxide.
3. Combustible khanya kapa phatloha ho kopantswe le oksijene: methane ammonia, hydrogen, acetylene, Propane, butane, carbon monoxide, ethane ethylene. Boholo ba bona ba tšoauoa ka e tukang feela maemo a itseng ea motsoako khase. Ka lebaka la sena thepa, khase - mafura mofuta, ho atileng ka ho fetisisa kajeno. Sena e sebediswa e le methane Propane, butane.

Carbon dioxide e le karolo ea eona

Ke e mong oa khase atileng ka ho fetisisa ka sepakapaka (0.04%). Tlas'a mocheso tloaelehileng 'me khatello e sepakapakeng e na le segokanyipalo sa tsa 1,98 lik'hilograma / noun m ^3. Ho ka ba le boemong tiileng kapa mokelikeli. Tiileng mohato le hlaha ka lebelo le tlaase mocheso le kamehla sepakapakeng khatello, e bitsoa "omileng leqhoa". The mokelikeli mohato CO ₂ ka etsahala ha khatello ea eketseha. thepa ena e sebediswa bakeng sa polokelo, lipalangoang le thulaganyo ya kopo. Sublimation (fetoheng molaong puso gaseous ba o tiileng, ka ntle ho lipakeng mokelikeli mohato) ke khoneha ho -77 - -79˚S. Solubility ka metsi ka karo-karolelano ea 1: 1 e hlokomela ka sa t = 14-16˚S.

Mefuta tsa carbon dioxide fapana ho itšetlehile ka hlahang ho yona ho:

1. Products ea limela le liphoofolo lesupi, mohlapo ha seretse se chesang, khase lero ho tloha fatše, 'mele ea e le mouoane ea metsi ho tloha holim'a metsi.
2. Liphello tsa mesebetsi ea batho, ho akarelletsa le mesi e kotsi ho tloha go tuka ga molelo tsa tuki.

E le ntho e molemo e sebelisoa:

1. The setima-mollo carbon dioxide e mollo.
2. The diselennere bakeng selikalikoe ho tjheseletsa ka mahareng loketseng le CO _2.
3. Ho indasteri e ea lijo ka senyeha le ho aerating metsing.
4. E le refrigerant bakeng tsidifatso nakoana.
5. Ho indasteri lik'hemik'hale le.
6. Ka metallurgy.

Kaha e ne e bohlokoa haholo karolo ea bophelo ba lefatšeng, e leng motho ea ho sebetsa mechine e le dimela kaofela, carbon dioxide bakoang ke ka le dikarolo e ka tlaase le e ka holimo ea sepakapaka, e lieha ho lokolloa ha mocheso le ho bōpa e "sethopo e le hantle".

Liquefied khase le mosebetsi lona

Har'a lintho tse se hlahang ho yona tsa tlhaho le thulaganyo eang teng e ka thōko joalo hore ka tsela e itseng e phahameng ea combustibility le boleng lik'halori. Bakeng sa polokelo, lipalangoang le tšebeliso, latelang mefuta khase liquefied: methane Propane, butane le propane-butane motsoako.

Butane (C ₄ H _10), le propane li dikarolo tsa likhase oli e tala. Pele liquefied ka -1 - -0,5˚S. Tshwara le kopo ka boemo ba leholimo batang bo hloekileng butane e sa atlehe ka lebaka la ho leqhoa a ea eona. Liquefaction mocheso oa Propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ -41 - -42˚S, mahlonoko tseo ho leng khatello ea - 4,27 MPa.

Methane e (CH _4), - ka sehloohong motsoako oa khase ea tlhaho. Mefuta khase mohloding - mobung oli, lihlahisoa tsa dithulaganyo biogenic. Liquefaction le hlaha ka tsela mohato compression le ho fokotsa mocheso ho -160 - -161˚S. Ha e mong le e sethaleng e a petetswa ke makhetlo 5-10.

Liquefaction e etsoa ka limela e khethehileng. E ntshitsweng Propane, butane, kapa motsoako lona bakeng sa ba ntlo ea le tšebeliso indasteri ka thoko. Methane e e sebediswa ho indasteri le ka mafura bakeng sa lipalangoang. qetellang e ka boela ea e hlahisitseng ka foromo petetswa.

A petetswa khase le mosebetsi lona

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho ata ha rekiloeng a petetswa khase ea tlhaho. Ha Propane le butane e sebediswa feela liquefaction, le methane e ka hlahiswang ka liquefied le a petetswa. khase libotlolong tlas'a khatello e phahameng ea 20 MPa na le melemo 'maloa ka lebaka la ho liquified tsebahalang.

1. The palo e phahameng ea e le mouoane, ho akarelletsa le ho batang moea, ha ho na bokella liketsahalo negative.
2. A boemong ba ka tlaase ea toxicity.
3. Complete combustion e, bokgoni phahameng, ha ho na le phello e mpe ho ea thepa le sepakapakeng.

E ka ho eketsehileng a ntse a sebediswa eseng feela bakeng sa literaka empa le bakeng sa likoloi tsa baeti hammoho le bakeng sa thepa ea tanka.

Khase - unobtrusive empa bohlokoahali motsoako bakeng sa bophelo ba motho. Phahameng lik'halori boleng ba tse ling tsa tsona justifies tshebediso lohle ea likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa khase ea tlhaho e le mafura bakeng sa liindasteri le lipalangoang.