Sokhondinsky pokello: tlelaemete, limela le liphoofolo

E mong oa libaka molemo ka ho fetisisa Russia a Sokhondinsky Reserve, eo e teng ka South Baikal. Ho hlokomelehang bakeng sa sepakapaka ikhethang tsa tlhaho tse hlaha tsa sebakeng sena. Sokhondinsky pokello Trans-Baikal Territory bakeng sa ho pholosa le ho ithuta mefuta e tloaelehile haholo, hammoho le bakeng sa ho sireletsa tšimong eo.

Maikemisetso le mesebetsi ea pokello ea

Lipakane tse ka sehloohong ea pokello ea tsona ke tsena:

• ho sireletsa sebaka seo e hlokahala haholo-holo ho boloka le ho eketsa palo ea liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang;
• le ho ithuta lintho tsa tlhaho 'me taolo ya "litlalehong tsa histori";
• boalosi tikoloho sebakeng seo;
• thuto tikoloho;
• koetliso ea bo-rasaense ba se secha le litsebi lefapheng la ho sireletsa tikoloho.

Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore karolo e khōlō ea sebaka seo hoo e batlang e hozhena motho, mofuta o bolokoa ponahalo ea ka eona qalong. boroetsana ba bona le e thahasellisang Sokhondinsky Reserve, mme tshenolo ya eo e ke ke o ile a re. Mona hape simolohile linōka tse ngata transbaikalian amanang le libeisine tsa Pacific le maoatleng Arctic.

A histori e khutšoanyane

Ho lumeloa hore Sokhondinsky Reserve e thehiloe ka 1973. Ka 1772, ka ea molapo o trout Sokhondo hloa Sokolov. Na a bokella dimela tse ngata 'me a nehelana ka bona ho saense ea Serussia. Sena se thusa bula e ngata mefuta e tloaelehile haholo ikhethang sebakeng seo. Ka mor'a moo ka isoa herbarium ea ho ithuta Senyesemane rasaense. Flora hape kopanela Turchaninov, bokella likoleke tsa bohlokoa. Ka bomalimabe, lintlha setseng hammoho le World.

Ka 1856, bakeng sa ho ithuta liphoofolo le ka Char setseng GI Radde. O ile a hlokomela hore sebakeng seo ho na le e ne e le tse tšeletseng tse ka libaka tse phahameng-bophahamong.

Thuto ea Altai-Kyrinskoy beisine le Khentey-Chikoyskogo Highlands kopanela Professor VI Smirnov. O ile a bokella haholo ka herbarium kgolo, e leng e ile tlosoa ho St. Petersburg University le ne ke le teng ho fihlela mehleng ea rōna.

Ka 1914 ho ithuta limela kopanela PN Krylov le L.P.Sergievskaya, herbaria ba replenished palo ea Univesithi Tomsk.

UNESCO abela boemo pokello ea "Biosphere Reserve" ka 1985.

makgetheng Physiographic

pokello sena se akarelletsa Sokhondinsky, Balbasniyskuyu Sopkoyanskuyu le loaches. sebakeng seo ke e khōlō. Sam Sokhondinsky massif o e-ba bolelele ba hoo e ka bang 20 km, 'me bophara ba eona e ke km 14. Sebaka kaofela e teng ka periphery ea Highlands Henty-Chikoy. Char ena e na le litlhōrō tse peli tse: bophahamo ba e Moholo (limithara tse 2500.5) le Nyenyane (limithara tse 2404). Feta pakeng tsa litlhōrō ke ka limithara tse 2000 bophahamong. Karolong e ka boroa-bophirimela ea massif ke Tsagan-Ula. Le ka bophirimela Sokhondinsky pokello sehelane moeli le ke Dzhermaltay-Ingodinsky ho tepella maikutlo, e leng ntho e tsebahalang ka ho metsi a lona matsoai.

boemo ba leholimo

Boemo ba leholimo ka Sokhondinsky Reserve sharply kontinenteng. Dry qeta mariha le lehloa tse nyenyane. Karolelano January mocheso ranges ho tloha 22 ° C ho 28 ° C, ho itšetlehile ka bophahamong. Leha ho le joalo, ka divertise li fihle ho tloswa 50 ° C.

Lehlabula le khutšoanyane haholo, 'me le nakong eo ka hoamisoa ka lehloa boima. Mocheso bolokiloe ho mmoho 14 ° C. khoeli chesang - July. Ka kakaretso, ka karolelano mocheso - ka ho tloswa 1.9 ° C. Selemo le selemo, ka karolelano pula oela ka 430 limilimithara.

maemo a klimate a matla haholo, empa ba bangata ba limela le liphoofolo phutholohile ka ho feletseng. Sokhondinsky pokello Russia ke e 'ngoe ea ruileng ka ho fetisisa tse sa tšoaneng ea lintho tse phelang.

liphoofolo tse anyesang

Ikhetha Sokhondinsky pokello sefofane thontsweng ho se tšoane kholo le mocheso, oo ka oona secrete e ngata ea limela le liphoofolo. Mona o ka fumana phokojoe, sable, sootho bere, lent, 'mutla, joalo-joalo

Har'a liphoofolo tse thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa ka ho hlokomela Siberia musk khama. Ena e nyenyane cloven-hoofed liphoofolo, le ponahalo e tšoanang khama e. makgetheng bath ea motho sena: a teteaneng sootho kapa sootho moriri, tšesaane bohale hooves, ha ho na le linaka, ba batona fangs telele e hlaheletseng ho tloha ka tlas'a molomo e ka holimo, hammoho le litsoelesa mpeng tse hlahisang musk. Home ea likhama musk ke e ntle Sokhondinsky Reserve.

O hokae? Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, pokello tlhaho e teng ka Southern Baikal. Siberia musk likhama lulang ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse 600-900. Itahlela phoofolo joalo briskly haholo, 'me ba nang le bokhoni ba ho fetola sefofane tsela ea tshisinyo 90 °. E jang boriba tsa lefatše, phaene tshebediso ya dinale, hum kalse mohbat ka le kedare, horsetail le dimela tse ling lijo.

Ka tšimo eo li ka fumanoa ermine - e nyenyane, tse nyenyane phoofolo e anyesang therepa musteline. 'Mele oa boima ba' mele oa mekoloko eohle ea eona ho tloha 70 ho 260g. O na le molaleng telele, hlooho kgutlotharo le litsebe tse nyenyane ho pota. mala o mosoeu ho mariha. E jang litoeba tse nyenyane, 'me khetha ho lula u le mong. Plot liphoofolo tse delimit mokelikeli tse lokolloa litsoelesa le. Ermine lulang boholo epa, empa ha a cheka bona, eaba li khetha ho lula ka tlung a bolaea litoeba. Liphoofolo tse li jang ke sebete haholo le tletseng tšollo ea mali. Maemong a mahlonoko, e ka hlasela 'me monna e mong, ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba eona.

The likoeteng kotsi ka ho fetisisa ka pokello e le liphiri tse khubelu, tse ho matleng a lelapa la canines. 'Mele oa phoofolo e' ngoe le e-ba bolelele e kholo 76-110 cm,. Weight 20 lik'hilograma. Ba na le e khutsoanyane thiba molomo, mahlo a phahameng-sete le kgolo le litsebe otlolohile. Mala o mofubelu le o motsho mohatla. Phelang ka pakete 5 ho batho ka bomong. Ka lijo le tse litoeba le herbivores tse nyenyane. Leha mohlape o moholo ka tsoma le batho kgolo. Ba Hlekefetsang ba Bang ba se mabifi. Batho qojoa. Ka lebaka la sebōpeho o ile a ntša ka tsona melumo ba bitsoa "liphiri tse binang lithaba."

liphoofolo tsena e khethehileng, ka bomalimabe, oela Red Book. Sokhondinsky pokello ke lehae la mefuta e fetang 10 ea liphoofolo tse le haufi le ho fela. Ka lebaka lena, likarolong tse ngata tsa tšimo li koaloa ho batho.

Ntle le tse ka holimo, re boetse re ela hloko gophers, woodchucks, likhoto mole le gerbils.

linonyana

Ho na le tse fetang 125 malapa a linonyana. Baahi ba taiga sebakeng limpho palo le Scaly Thrush, bohlooho-moriri oats, capercaillie, buzzard, sephooko Scops Owl. Karolong e ka se lithaba sa taiga e ka fumanoa ptarmigan, thaba orilla, Accentor, Siberia toloking, pika le ba bang. Near matša morung ke haholo e sa tšoaneng e khōlō ea linonyana. Har'a bona Crane, o motsho mokotatsie, batsho loon Grebe, pochard, coot et al a.

tlhapi

Trout lulang linōka le matša a phallang metsi a batang. Leoatle ha ba tsoe. Ka lebaka la boleng e khōlō khoebo setseng diyuniti tsa batho ka bomong, e le hore e ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book. Hucho - kholo ka ho fetisisa mefuta e salmonid lelapa. Ho ka ba limithara tse ho fihlela ho 2 le boima kg 90. E e behela ka 20,000 mahe ka nako.

moahi e mong ke feela metsi a hloekileng swamp eel. Se Busang ka nako e telele, roundish, laterally a petetswa ka metshetshe. Mala o na le 'mala o sa mobu le liphetoho le lilemo. E ba le mafolo-folo e le mocheso decreases.

Hape hona teng sebakeng seo ba fumane Arctic Grayling, kapa rotan golovoshka, Amur Pike le minnow.

dimela

The limela ke a ruile haholo le e emeloang ke Alpine tundra, meru nyenyane-leaved, deciduous le lithaba phaene. baemeli ba 923 ba vascular e phahameng e ile ngolisitsoeng. Fetang 71 mefuta ea limela le li-fungus ka pokello nkiloeng tlas'a tšireletso. Ka lebaka la ho dimela joalo, joalo ka gare ga mokoti glandular, gentian batang zmeegolovnika grandiflora, Rhodiola pinnatifid le chetyrohnadreznogo, eiee odnobratstvennogo, rhododendron, e khabisitse naha mona le fetoha e le kannete e hlollang ka botle.

Gymnosperms emeloang Siberia phaene, kedare Elfin lehong, Siberia kalse mohbat, junipere lozhnokazatskim le Siberia phaene. pokello e haufi le lifate morung amanang - e Gmelin larch (Dahurian) le Siberia.

Lihahabi le metsi a hloekileng

dihlopha tsena tsa liphoofolo ha li joalo tse ngata. Sokhondinsky Reserve - home patterned semathi tlwaelehileng copperhead Noha, e noha ba tloaelehileng, ho tloaelehile hore batho marabe le mokholutsoane. lihahabi tsena nkile motso ka pokello ena ka lebaka la ho tloaela sebaka le boemo ba leholimo ba tikoloho.

liphoofolo tse metsi a hloekileng e le baemedi ba esita le tlaase ho moo. Leha ho na le o na le matangoana a le tse ngata, empa liphoofolo ne ba se na phello sehlopha sena sa mefuta e sa tsoaneng. Mona ho na le feela Siberia salamander, Siberia le Moor lihoho. Tsena mefuta e meraro ea lethathamo e khathetse.

Mokhoa oa ho fumana ho pokello ee?

Tourist, le ka mohla o ile a etela Sokhondinsky pokello, kamoo ho ka fumana ho na le, mohlomong ha a tsebe. Etsoe sena ho na le litsela khethehileng bahahlauli. Qala e teng motseng oa kyra. Bolelele ba tsela ho itšetlehile ka boemo ba ka 'me o ile a etela libaka tse: ho tloha 3 km 80 km SE. Great hloa ka nka beke.

The tsela tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa o bitsoa "tselaneng ea Pallas". O e tsoanang hantle e le sibolotseng tsa tsela Sokolova. Hammoho tsela ena u lokela ho tsamaea matsatsi a seng makae, 'me bolelele ba eona e km 70. E qala ka nisin Char Sokhondo lithabeng. Nakong ena, baeti ba ka boloka tsohle latitudes ho fetoha thaba e le bokhabane ba mefuta-futa ea limela le liphoofolo.

Bahahlauli ba rata tsela ena Sokhondinsky pokello Trans-Baikal Territory. Photos le litšoantšo tsa libaka tsena e mpa feela e hlollang le ho fapafapana lona mebala-bala. Litsela tsa baeti - ena e mpa e le karolo e nyenyane ea tšimo eohle ea pokello ea. Ho na le boetse ho na le libaka tse moo ho fihlella e latola. Sena ke karolo e 'ngoe e itseng precautionary, joalokaha ho etsa liphoofolo ka seoelo se tšoanelang tlase le ka tlaase ho moo,' me ba pholosa - mosebetsi oa mong le e mong.

Haeba u na le takatso ea ho etela sebakeng seo bohehang le e sa tšoaneng le leholo la liphoofolo le limela, e thapolla maoto ka Sokhondinsky Reserve - ke tharollo loketseng. Ha ho ea ka lula iphapanyetsa ho mofuta joalo.