Seo dintho bitsoa aldehydes le ketones? Tshebediso ya aldehydes

Metsoako le ka sebopeho lona e carbonyl sehlopha ke aldehydes kapa ketones. The aldehydes (RCOH) carbonyl sehlopha e bonded ho hydrocarbon khōlō le athomo hydrogen ngoe. Ho seng joalo, u ka re dintho tsena na aldehyde sehlopha (-COH), eo ho eona bohareng carbonyl e amana le athomo hydrogen. The ketones (RCOR '), tse peli hydrocarbon radicals bonded ho sehlopha carbonyl. lebitso la tsoa aldehyde acid, eo ho eona ho kena moea tseo ba li sokoloha, mohlala, bohloa (formaldehyde), ethyl (acetaldehyde), propionaldehyde, butyric, valeric aldehydes. Ho latela nomenclature machaba bitsoa aldehydes: ethanal, propanal. Mabitso a sehlooho ketone | foromo radicals, ho tse a phaella ka ho ipolaea ketone |. Mohlala, dimethyl ketone | (monohalogen acetone), methylene ethyl ketone |. Title machaba nomenclature ketone | tlisoang ke ho go tlaleletsa ka hydrocarbon koalo -e leng motho, 'me ntlheng ea ho ikamahanya tsa sehlopha carbonyl bontša maloa, ho etsa mohlala 2-propanone, 2-butanone. Tshebediso ya aldehydes le ketones, ka lebaka la ho thepa ea bona ea nama le lik'hemik'hale.

Aldehydes ke lintho tse tloaelehileng k'hemistri manyolo. linyanyatsi tse nkhang hamonate tse ngata tse amanang le dintho tsena. Aldehydes na thepa tse fapa-fapaneng le itšetleha ka khōlō lekgotlakamedi sa molek'hule. Lower Moemedi - formic aldehyde - khase, morago ga moo e - sephalli,-butle a phahame. Formaldehyde le acetaldehyde ke hantle haholo qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi, ho solubility tsa homologs tse ling decreases le eketseha boima ba 'mele ea limolek'hule. Formic le acetic aldehydes na le monko o go utlwala. Properties le tshebediso ya aldehydes ka lebaka la ho ba teng ka molek'hule bona e carbonyl sehlopha.

litho tse peli e ka tlaase ea ena letoto la lihlooho tse homologous ka "ho sebelisoa ha aldehydes" ke bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho boleng lefapha - ke formaldehyde le acetaldehyde. Formaldehyde hlahisoang ka tekanyo e khōlō, ba ka bang limilione 6. Lithane / selemo. E haholo-holo sebelisoa ka tlhahiso ea halogenated. Lokisitsoeng ke polycondensation ya urea , urea-formaldehyde lehoakhoa hlokehang bakeng sa ho tlhahisong ea faeba mme phatsa mapolanka, urea-formaldehyde bubble, bakeng sa ho etsa metsi matla pampiri kapa paperboard. tšebeliso mong oa bohlokoa oa aldehyde thehiloeng itsoara joang ka tsa formaldehyde le phenol polycondensation. The resultant ea ho phenol formaldehyde lehoakhoa (Bakelite) ke keng ea lekanngoa lintho tse bonahalang, e leng ke ka ya tlhokeho tsa boenjiniere le ho phetha molao feela, ka tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho li khorofo motlakase, ka tlhahiso ea lacquers le likhomaretsi. Lokisetsa ho tloha ka litokisetso formaldehyde meriana (formaldehyde tharollo e tsejoang e le wa formalin, e sebelisoa ka moriana), rabara maiketsetso, liqhomane le tse ling tse ngata dintho tse phelang.

Acetaldehyde ne hang sehlahisoa hlaheletseng, empa o fana ka tlhahiso meqolo ne fatše, hona joale ho hlahisa ka tlase ho limilione tse 1. Ton / selemo. Nakong e fetileng, ho sebedisa acetaldehyde ea setso e ne e le lihlahisoa tse tala bakeng sa acid e acetic. Sena acetaldehyde kopo fokotseha lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka lebaka acid e acetic hlahisoang ka tsela e atlehileng haholoanyane, ho tloha methanol (Monsanto thulaganyou e le thulaganyo Cativa). Ho tloha maikutlo a ya condensation itšoara joang, acetaldehyde ke bohlokoa e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa derivatives le pyridine tsa pentaerythritol le crotonaldehyde. Acetaldehyde hloka bakeng sa tlhahiso ea dipolasetiki (halogenated le thuso lokisetsa ho tswa urea le acetaldehyde).

litho tse ling tsa letoto lena la lihlooho homologous ke hape le ka batloang ho 'marakeng. tšebeliso Commercial tsa aldehydes e atisa ho ba tse sebelisoang e le lihlahisoa tse tala bakeng sa tswakana tsa alcohols oxo sebelisoa ka tlhahiso ea detergents. Ba bang ba aldehydes e phahameng di hlahiswa tse ngata tse nyenyane (boima ba lithane tse ka tlase ho tse 1000 / selemo) le sebelisoa e le metsoako tatso ka litlolo tse nkhang hamonate. Tsena li akarelletsa sinamone le derivatives lona, 'me citral lilial.