Mathata a tikoloho sebakeng sena ba mahoatateng Arctic. mathata a tikoloho le bakang bona

Arctic ae phethang e le sebaka se ka latitudes phahameng, moeli oa e ho Arctic Circle. Ka lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea senyeha habonolo ea sebakeng seo e bile le sephetho mpe mabaka tlhaho le mesebetsi ea batho. Sehlooho sena se e thathamisa itseng mathata a tikoloho sebakeng sena ba mahoatateng Arctic le sebaka se lohle, ho akarelletsa le Leoatle la Arctic le maoatle, mabopo le lihlekehlekeng.

The mathata a tikoloho ho Arctic

Tlhaho le libaka lintlha tsa sebakeng sa amanang le le boemong ba eona ka latitudes phahameng le predominance ea lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea metsing. Ka 1991, mebuso ea linaha tse nang le tšimo ea ka hare ho Arctic Circle, amohela le leqheka ho sireletsa tikoloho ea Arctic. Ka mor'a lilemo tse 5, e ile a saena ka Ottawa Phatlalatso 'me a theha Lekhotla la Arctic. Maikemisetso se ka sehloohong sa mosebetsi oa eona e amanang le tsoelo-pele ea moshoelella ea sebaka se Arctic. The o teng UN lenaneo tikoloho, e leng, UNEP e bolela hore na mathata a maholo a tikoloho:

• tšilafalo ea maoatle Arctic ke lihlahisoa tsa oli;
• ho futhumala ha lefatše, e leng ho qhibiliha tsa likatiba leqhoa;
• eketsa ka ho tšoasa litlhapi le tse ling tse ho hlahisoeng lijo tse tsoang leoatleng;
• fetola tikoloho ya tsa lintho tse phelang ho Arctic;
• phokotso ea baahi Polar phoofolo;
• matla thomello.

ho fetoha ha tlelaemete

Map libaka arctic lehoatata e hona joale ho lula libakeng tse nyenyane lebōpong la Greenland le Eurasia, Amerika Leboea, ba sehlopha sa lihlekehleke le lihlekehlekeng tsa Leoatleng la Arctic. Bafuputsi ba pheha khang ea hore ka karolelano moea mocheso ka ho Arctic Circle litsupa eketseha ka potlako ho feta libakeng tse ling. Ena e se e ile ea etsa hore ka ho fokotseha ha sebaka sa libaka tsa tlhaho, 'me nakong e tlang ho ka' na tsa nyamela.

Boemo ba leholimo e futhumala ka 'mapa oa libaka arctic ea lehoatata hohle nkeloa sebaka ke tundra. Ho sokela pheliso ea mefuta e mengata ea limela le liphoofolo ikamahanya le maemo ho litsupa o teng mocheso. Bophelo ba batho ba lichaba Arctic matsoalloa a moo, haholo, e kotsing, hobane bophelo ba baahi ba ka lilemo tse makholo ha thehoa sebelisana le limela le liphoofolo.

The qhibiliha tsa Arctic leqhoa le lehloa

Russia Hydrometeorological Service bakeng sa dilemo tse 30 tse fetileng ho bile le phokotseho ya sebakeng leqhoa ka maoatle ho ea ka leboea. Tekanyo ea qhibiliha e eketsehile ka lilemo tse leshome tse fetileng tsa lekholong la lilemo la XX. Ka nako e tšoanang ho ithuta o ile a senola phokotso ka botenya ba leqhoa 2 linako tse ling. Litsebi li lumela hore ka tsela ea lekholong la XXI, dithulaganyo tsena li tsoele pele. mathata a tikoloho tla exacerbated maoatle, ho etsa mohlala, metsi a Arctic sebaka lehlabuleng tla hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng ntle le leqhoa. Nakong e fetileng, a tla tutuboloha ka nōka beisine ea Ocean Arctic. liphetoho tse tla ama libakeng tse kgolo ho e leng sebaka sa makholo kapa tse likete tse km ho tloha lebōpong la leoatle.

Tšilafalo ea moea le metsi

litokollo tsa senotlolo tikoloho sebakeng sena tsa lehoatata arctic le tundra li amahanngoa le ho fetiswa ha matšoele moea ho tloha libakeng tse tsoetseng pele indastering ea leboea-bophirimela Russia, Central le Northern Europe. Ho na le ke ho lahleheloa ke seo ho thoeng ke acid e pula - ditharollo ea metsi ya sebabole le naetrojene oxides. mobung joalo hampe ama kaofela boitjarong tikoloho Arctic timetsa mokato tšesaane tsa mobu ka tundra e, senya mosebetsi metsi tsa lintho tse phelang tse nang le ditho sekemeng e ka tlaase.

Mehloli e ka sehloohong ea tšilafalo, mpefatsang mathata a tikoloho ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa lehoatata arctic - e morafo le lipalangoang. Sebakeng se boetse e na le makalana sesole le mehaho ea liindasteri sebetsana thepa tsa tlhaho e tala. The tikoloho ya ho oa:

• mesi e kotsi le effluents la likhoebo le liindasteri le bosebeletsi ba setjhaba;
• tlhahiso ea lijo le ho e lokisa ya hydrocarbons (di oli le khase);
• tšepe e boima 'me litšila tse ling tsa fana ka tlhahiso metallurgical;
• itseng dintho tse chefo (phenol, ammonia le ba bang);
• kgotlelo tse ngata ho tloha makalana mabopong;
• likepe litšila sebetsa ho mafura a nyutlelie.

Weather forecasts tsa boemo bo tikoloho ka Arctic

Litsebi li lumela hore ho ka leboea sebakeng Polar tsa lefatše, arctic ea lehoatata libaka ka ho khetheha, o tla tsoela pele ho kopana le tšilafalo e matla anthropogenic. Eketsa ka tjhelete e ya mosebetsi ka raka, athe kontinenteng, moo tse qotsitsoeng 'me a lipalangoang tsa lirafshoa tse se haholo tsentswe. Ba likete tse mashome derricks oli di-pump oli ka Arctic, ho ea ka mekhatlo tikoloho, e mong le ea bobeli ea ho ba teng ho dutla ea lihlahisoa tse tala.

mathata a tikoloho ka libaka arctic lehoatata. tahlehelo ea mefuta-futa ena

The liphoofolo tsa batang leqhoa sepakapakeng sa Arctic Circle e emeloa ke palo e fokolang ea mefuta mammalian. Lihahabi le sehahabi sebakeng sena ke le siyo. palo ea mefuta e nonyana e ka 4 linako tse phahameng ho feta ea liphoofolo tse anyesang. Ena e hlalosa ka ho le tsamaiso e phahameng ea linonyana, ho falla ha bona ka linako tse itseng, matla a ho li tsamaea holim'a sebaka se selelele ho ea batla lijo. Lihlekehlekeng le lebōpo la leoatle, moo ho na le libakeng tse nyenyane tsa lehoatata arctic, liphoofolo e emeloang ke liphoofolo tse anyesang le linonyana. Ho na le walruses, liqibi, libere Polar, arctic liphokojoe, lemmings. Baemeli tse ngata ka ho fetisisa waterfowl - letata, eider matata, guillemots le auks.

mathata a tikoloho ka arctic libaka tsa lehoatata amahanngoa le "rookeries" - sa tloaelehang likolone tsa linonyana. Ba hlaselehang habonolo ka lebaka la thomello hloka tšireletso ea bona, haholo-holo nakong ea ho ikatisa.

Nature paballo ea Arctic Circle

Litsebi li bolela hore kotsi bohlokoa ho lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea senyeha habonolo ho Arctic e etsa hore ho tsoma. Ka mohlala, masholu a liphoofolo e metsing tse amanang le Russia selemo le selemo o hlahisa ka 300 libere Polar.

ditshoso tse ling tsa tikoloho sebakeng sa, hlokang hore ceaseless tlhokomelo ea mekhatlo tikoloho:

• ho senyeha ha tikoloho;
• eketsa khatello ea batho;
• eketsa ka tjhelete e ya bothata litšila lahla;
• ho fetoha ha tlelaemete.

Ka nako le qhibiliha ea sebakeng leqhoa e hape fokotswa permafrost, ho na le kotsi ka liketsahalo hydrometeorological ka linōka tsa letamo lena. Letsoalloa le mojaki baahi ho Arctic Circle hape le bothata ba ho tšilafalo ba tlokotsing mofuta wa sebakeng seo. The mathata a tikoloho ho Arctic na ha feela lebatowa, empa hape bohlokoa lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka Serussia Federation bakeng sa ho pholosa liphoofolo tse hlaha, sireletsa lintho tsa tlhaho ho tloha tšilafalo le ho senyeha ha a bōpa mehloli Arctic. Kholo ka ho fetisisa ho bona: Kandalaksha, Great Arctic, Wrangel Island, Taimyr.