Moo ke Central Forest Reserve? Central Forest State Biosphere Reserve: tlhaloso, mofuta le e thahasellisang lintlha tse

Hammoho, e le hore ka hare ho naha ya rona di ka hloko bolokoa bakeng sa meloko ea kajeno le e tlang lintho tse phelang tikolohong ikhethang, moo u ka thabela mofuta foromo lona purest, shebella liphoofolo ka bolokolohi, ho hema scents e fanang ka bophelo ka lipalesa le merohonyana! E mong oa likhutlong tseo - Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Ho e na le pale e sa tloaelehang, e rarahaneng e fetileng le hona joale haholo. Bo-rasaense ba sebelisa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa bona bohlokoa, ka tsela eo ho etsa bonnete ba ho ba teng ha lintho tse phelang tikolohong tse ling Russia. Empa pokello ea e bulehetse bohle ba ratang lintho tsa tlhaho. Haholo-holo bana ba amohelehile mona. Bakeng sa tsona li tšoaroa mesebetsi thahasellisang tsa tlhaho, excursions, le Baba Yaga, ea lulang morung, o lokisetsa botanists ba banyenyane le ba zoologists tlhatlhobo ea sebele.

Location

Central Forest State Nature Reserve e lutse ka linaha tsa sebakeng Tver e ka boroa-bophirimela ho Tver. Ka bongata, e sebakeng se mabapi le metse e haufi le e kholo e tjena:

• ho tloha Moscow ho mola ka kotloloho ho pokello ka 285 km SE;
• ho tloha Kaluga, 274 km SE;
• ho tloha Vitebsk 212 km SE;
• ho tloha Smolensk, 175 km SE;
• ho tloha Tver, 167 km SE;
• ho tloha Rzhev 75 km SE.

Ka km SE 68 ho tloha mabaka a sireletsa qaphaletso tsomo letšeng Seliger.

Sefe, sa Central Forest State Nature Reserve e teng ka Valdai Hills, ka tlisitseng (Caspian-Baltic), e fihlang ho ka holimo ea linoka Volga le Bophirimela Dvina. Haufi le meeli ea pokello ea, e ka ba ka ho toba ka sebaka sa eona a otloa ka mehloli e ka lebaka la linōka Meza, Tyudma, Tudovka, Zhukopa.

Background pokello

Places moo ho nang le Central Forest Reserve Tver sebakeng, batlang e le hantle a sireletsa ho fihlela lekholong la bo20 la lilemo ka lebaka la sebopeho sa mobu le windfall naha moru bakileng mathata bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya moruo. Lekholong la bo18 la lilemo ba li ne li bitsoa Okovskim kapa moru Volkonski. Ho na le e ne e le lefeella. Tse seng kae feela ba ile ba khona ho nka metsaneng bolulo hammoho le linōka le Tudovka Zhukopa. Ka morung Okovskom ba tsoma slaapplek General Romeyko, Sheremetiev le beng ba masimo a 'maloa. Kaofela ha bona ba tla mona ho tsoma, le ho feta ka tsela efe kapa efe morung e sa sebelisoa, 'me Romeyko phaella moo behilweng ka karolo ea bona ea moru boloka taolo, hanelang bosholu ba le ho senngoa ha meru, le hoja ka maralla a ka thoko, moo ho ne ho se na metsi a ema felo gotee, lihoai feto-fetohang tsamaiso ea kapa labo ko labo se-and-fsela mokhoa oa tlosa naha, lengoa bona 'me a bōpa metsana bolulo.

Ka 1905, tšosoe ke phetoho e khōlō, e leng beng ea pele ea naha ea bona ea qala ho rekisa, le ho beng e ncha bakeng sa phaello sebelitse ka hore na ba batla. Ho e-s'o fetohe boemo ba 'me ka mor'a e Moholo October Phetohelo ea 1017. Feela 20s ea 'muso oa Soviet Union ho rarolla tseko ea paballo ea lirafshoa.

mekhahlelo botlaaseng

sebakeng Central Forest Reserve Tver ka litokomane le ho ile ha thehoa ka 1931 bosiung ba ea Selemo se Secha matsatsi a phomolo a, ka la 31 December. Leha ho le joalo, ho bopa e mosebetsing ba ile ba qala ka 1925. Ka mor'a moo, ba amahanya moprofesa oa Mokhatlo Pedagogical ka Smolensk, Grigory Leonidovich Sheole, se ile sa etsa ya leeto ho ithuta lirafshoa haufi Moscow le qeto eo e ne e le naha Tver Region pakeng tsa Volga le Northern Dvina molemo ka ho fetisisa loketseng ho ba mehloli ea tlhaho. Ena e hanyetsa lumbermen libakeng tseo le ka mafolofolo rema lifate tsa bohlokoahali tse naheng li lahlehetsoe ke boleng bohle. Ka 1930, Sheole hlophisa leeto le lecha le hlalosoa e le sebaka se secha bakeng sa pokello ea. From markings hae khale ka se ne se akarelletsa hectars 3000 feela. Ka lebaka la boiteko ba monna enoa a hlaha Reserve le Sheole e-ba mookameli oa eona.

mathata nang le phihlelo

Ka 30-40s Reserve Central Forest haufi Tver ke ile ka sebetsa ka katleho le fruitfully - meaho hahoa ofisi, dilaboratiriamong, matlo bakeng sa basebetsi ba tseleng. Mosebetsi o boima ke batho ba 61, bao ho ne ho 15 Balebeli ba sireletsehile 'me a 21 mofuputsi. Nehetsoeng boiteko bo matla ho pokello mocha tikoloho Vladimir Stanchinsky, hlophisitse e mokgwathupelo setshehetso sa ho sebetsa. Empa monna enoa ka 1941 o ne a etselelitse, ba hlorisoa, ba kenngoa chankaneng, moo a ileng a shoa ka selemo hamorao.

Muso dithuso tsa ditjhelete tsa pokello ea ne a tla hantle, e etsa hore ho khonehe hore a phethe lithuto tse ngata le hlahisang ekoprogrammy e molemo, empa ntoa e tšela. basebetsi ba bangata ka memo e le ka boithaopo ba ile ba ea pele, ba bang kaofela ba ne ba leka ho tsoa ka sheshe pokello le batho ba sebaka seo ho hloka boikarabelo hulela hole sohle seo ba ka se khonang. Ka 1941, likhukhuni unit trust buuoa pokello ea. Manazi a ile a le henchmen bona mapolesa ho ea tebileng ka morung o ne a tšaba, empa ba itlatlapela le Manor bohareng le musiamo, timetsoa likoleke tse ngata le ngotsoeng ka letsoho, a etsa hore tshenyo 265 000, e leng e ne e le chelete e ngata haholo bakeng sa mehla ea Soviet Union.

Hang ha e ka pele ba ile ba fallela ho ea ka bophirimela, le Central Forest Reserve o ile a qalella mosebetsi oa eona. lere la hae e le oa batho ba 13 feela. Batho ba batla a ka batla a lahlehile a qalella hape entse liteko tsa laboratori. Empa ka 1951, selemo le pokello ea tsositsoeng e ne e koaloa 'me basebetsi ba beha theoha. Feela lilemong 9, e leng nakong eo hape e ile ile a ikhapela thepa le ho lahleheloa ke e ngata, ho ba boela ba qala ho hlasimolla. Ka 1985, pokello ena e ile kenyelelitsoe 'a letanta UNESCO ea machaba ea libaka sireletsoa. Hona joale e se o sebelisa lefapha saense, lere la balebeli, craniological laboratori ea bapisitsoe le ntlha, seithuti bophelo ba libere sootho, motse nchafatsoa bakeng sa basebetsi, haha matlo a baeti le hostele bakeng sa bahahlauli.

sebopeho

Central Forest Reserve koahela e leng sebaka sa hectars 70.500. E arotsoe likarolo:

• Warren konokono;
• Buffer;
• tšebeliso e bohlale.

Ka khenele sireletswa (sebaka sa hectars 24415) mosebetsi ofe kapa ofe o kgahlanong le eco-ho leka-lekana linthong tsa tlhaho. Ho na le ke libaka ea phomolo e feletseng, ho ke motse Reserved.

Buffer libaka - rolo naha ke khenele pherimitha bophara ba 1 km le le sebakeng kakaretso ea 130 km2. Holim 'a eona ba metsana pela capercailye mehloli jwale, meeli ea tlhaho, liemahale tsa tlhaho.

Tshebediso e bohlale tsa sebakeng seo e le ho na le libaka le capercailye jwale. Ho phaella moo, ho na le dibaka tsa hore ba lumelloa ho bokella li-mushroom, cranberries le monokotsoai a mang, kuta furu, melamu ea ho tšoasa litlhapi hore a tšoase litlhapi.

Features tsa tlhaho

Central Forest State Biosphere Reserve larileng ka lithoteng maralleng, ho busoa ke mefuta e meng ea tlisang liphallelo glacial. Ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, bophahamo lona ke limithara tse 220-280. Tšimo pokello e emeloang ke maporogo Moraine. Ho na le boetse ho na le letšeng beisine. Ka kakaretso, metsi ke e ngata - mong le o mong 1 km2 ka 750 limithara tse ea melapo le linōka. Tlase ho lefatshe tse 3 feela limithara tse ho tloha holim'a metsi. libakeng tse kgolo (hectars 6323) koahetsoeng ka mekhoabong. Har'a bona, "Verkhovskii boriba", "Staroselsky boriba", "Demikhovsky boriba" le kholo ka ho fetisisa "Katin Moss."

Mobu pokello sebopeho ho tloaelehile haholo. Ho na le reisisi, podsolic, Marsh, peat, humus, alluvial, glei primers le ho e kopanya tse sa tšoaneng hoo, mohlala, sod podsolic, peat podzolic gleyey.

Boemo ba leholimo ka pokello ea metsi le pholile lehlabula, ka karolelano mocheso ka bang +16 ° C, mariha ho -10 ° C, matsatsi a chabile, 45%.

Flora

Central Forest Reserve ke limela batlang e le mafutsana, ka lebaka la ho peculiarities ya boemo ba leholimo le mobu. Mona e laoloa ke limela European, mefuta e 546; feela hangata ho hōla hantle moriting. Har'a bona, e grassy - 490 mefuta e meng ea lihlahla le lihlahla dwarf - 34 mefuta e meng ea lifate - 16 mefuta, meetlo - 6 mefuta. pokello e hōla birch, Aspen, Elm, molora, phaene, phaene (ho na le libakeng tse haholo-holo tsa bohlokoa ka boroa taiga phaene), Linden, a eike, alder.

Har'a limela herbaceous ho na le baemedi ba bangata ba Red Book, ho etsa mohlala, grozdovik, mafu a hlahang bocha botšepehi, disilipara mofumahali e mong oa. Ea litlama le lipalesa ka pokello ka bonoa camomile, mallow, Ivan kithe Marya, tšepe, ferns, calla, Veronica, lungwort, avens, 'me ka ho mokhoabo oo e le haufi le bona hōle blueberries, cranberries, cloudberry blackberries.

liphoofolo

Bakeng sa paradeise ea rōna e nyenyane e ile ea Central Forest Reserve. Liphoofolo ebe hlahiswa mefuta e la 335-go th. Liphoofolo tse anyesang tse pokello e na kgolo (libere, liphiri, likhama, Kangna, phokojoe, likhama, boar hlaha, Roe likhama) le tse nyenyane (litoeba, bo-'mankhane, otters, minks, ferrets, lipela, moles, hedgehogs) - e leng kakaretso ea 56 mefuta e. Hape bone ka pokello sehahabi (lihoho, linqanqana, newts), mekholutsoane, linoha. Ka linōka le melapo e phallang ka naheng ea pokello e fumana mefuta e 18 ea litlhapi. Empa a sa tsoaneng ka ho fetisisa mona, ya e le hantle, linonyana. 250 mefuta e ba 'nile ba tlalehiloeng ka kaofela ha bona. makala chirp warbler, goldfinches, orioles, blackbirds, flytrap, Finch, warbler, robins, dilamunu mali. Bosiu liphooko ea ho tsoma le liphooko, peregrine letsatsi ply, bona lintsu, lintsu khauta, e khubelu-maoto a mane phakoe. matangoana haufi nesting matata, woodcocks, common snipe of, cranes, likokolofitoe. Mokhabiso oa pokello ea ke capercaillie, tse khethehileng sireletswa ho masholu a liphoofolo.

Lijo bakeng sa boholo ba linonyana tse likokoanyana, tseo ba baloa ka pokello 600 mefuta e. Hase bohle ba baemeli ba bona ba ho monate ho sheba le ho ba se nang kotsi, empa ka botle ea lirurubele, ha ho na e mong liqabang. Ba 250 mefuta e. Ka ho fetisisa e hlollang ka botle Admiral, koporo-serurubele, perlamutrovka, limonnitsa, polygonia.

Excursion litsela

Central Forest Biosphere Reserve Rad le bana le batho ba baholo ka tsela e tšoanang. Mona, ba ratang lintho tsa tlhaho le tla hlomella litsela tse 'maloa. Tse tharo tsa tsona li khutšoanyane, hoo e ka bang kilometer dari telele, empa thahasellisang. Mona, batsamai ba emetse Baba Yaga, empa a se ke a li ja le ho ba fa e le teko ea ho tsebo ea mofuta wa libaka tsena. Litsela tse:

1. "Sephiri Forest Okovskogo". ba makholo a mararo phaene e ntse e hōla mona limithara tse 46 se phahameng, beha ho sheba platforms, 'me tsela kaofela e katiloeng ka mapolanka.
2. "Forest alfabeta". tselaneng ena e thahasellisa ho ithuta mesaletsa ea lulang moru, disampole ba tsona li behoa lipoleiti ena.
3. "Staroselsky boriba." tselaneng ena matha ka mokhoabong, empa hape katoa ka mapolanka tsela. Holim 'a eona o ka ratang ha se feela linonyana (lapwings, likoekoe, wagtails, cranes), empa e boetse e likhama esita le libere, eo ka linako tse ling atamela mokhoabong ho ja ea monokotsoai.

Bakeng sa batho ba baholo ka pokello etselitsoeng litsela tse ka bang 25 km le ka bolelele. Li isa tebileng ka morung 'me a etsa chaperone. Sena "Red Mill", "Barsuchiha" le "Siberia". Ka litsela hlomelloa ka mokhorong, moo o ka phutholoha, le je 'me esita le ho robala.

Kemiso ea Thuto le litheko

Central Forest Reserve ka Region Tver e bulehetse baeti tsohle beke (ntle le ka Moqebelo le Sontaha) ho tloha hoseng ka 10:00 ho 12:00 am ea letsatsi, lateloa ke hora lijo tsa mantsiboea, 'me joale ho tsoela pele ho sebetsa ka matsatsi a 13-00 ho 16-00 thapama. Theko bakeng sa kenoa ke:

• lilemo ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 10 - li-ruble tse 50;
• ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 16 - 75 li-ruble;
• batho ba baholo - 150 li-ruble.

Support ka tsela e bolelele ba 25 km le habohlokoa ho 1000 li-ruble letsatsi 1.

Ho etela musiamo e hloka li-ruble tse 250 ho 400 (ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba sehlopha).

Qeta bosiu ka pokello ke ha khoneha hore li-ruble 300 ka letsatsi (ka Zaimka le ka phaposing e le) le li-ruble tse 600 ka tlung ea baeti.

Fetisetsa ho e leng motse o Nelidovo (42 km le ho tloha motsaneng o mong oa siuoeng ke nako) ka tataiso e 'ngoe e tsoa ho li-ruble tse 600 ho 3000, ho itšetlehile ka sehlopha sa lipalangoang unit trust.