Madirelong ka USSR: pele tse hlano-Selemo Plan

Pele ea lilemo tse hlano moralo - ke tlas'a maemo a reha lebitso la leano pele ea lilemo tse hlano ka karolo ea madirelong qobelloang oa USSR ka morao 1930s. Ka lebaka la ho nako ena, naha ba ile ba fumana motho ea matla liindasteri-sesole rarahaneng.

ke tlhagisa ntlha ea qobelloa madirelong seo ea Soviet Union? The o ile a hlōleha ho Policy New Economic, kapa NEP, e leng sa bothata ba phumantsho ya lijo-thollo ka lilemo tse 1927-1928, ile ea etsa hore qeto ea phetoho boeta-pele ba ka leano la moruo le tšimoloho ea liphetoho tsa tsamaiso eohle ea Union.

Nakong ea Plan Pele a mahlano-Selemo - 1928 (letsatsi la ho nkeloa ka lapeng la morero oa) - 1932 (ipehela nako, ke hore, ho phetha le mesebetsi kaofela karolong e qalang ea madirelong).

Ka fetoheng molaong leano e ncha le ho nkeloa ka lapeng la pele ma mwango ea lilemo tse hlano le ne le entsoe ka Conference 16 tsa CPSU (b). Pele ma mwango ea lilemo tse hlano ba ile ba qala ka October 1928. Ke ha morero oa ileng ea amoheloa, empa ho ne ho e-s'o maikemisetso hlakileng.

Eng maikemisetso o behiloeng ka boeona e le 'muso oa USSR? Pele, ho ne ho hlokahala hore ho hlōla botekgeniki le salela kwa morago akaretsang tsa naha; Ea bobeli, Soviet Union e ile a tlameha ho tlosa ho itšetleha moruo, haholo-holo ke phepelo ea sesole; Boraro, pele le matla a ne mosebetsi o itseng oa bohlokoa: ho bopa e matla sesole-diindaseteri; Ntlha ea bone, ho madirelong ne e le ho fana ka le motheo o matla bakeng sa collectivization.

Pele ma mwango ea lilemo tse hlano o litšobotsi tse ba lona:

• kgolo ya phahameng (madirelong bitsoa "qobelloa");
• deadlines (ho letsetsa tummeng "Fana 5 lilemo lilemong 4!);
• disproportion ka ntshetsopeleng: ho predominance tsa indasteri le boima holim'a khanya;
• phethahatso ea madirelong ka a bale litsenyehelo ea chelete malapeng.

Baeta-pele ba Soviet Union ba ho sebelisa mokhoa oohle ho hohela batho hore ba le boima ba "kaho." Batho ba makholo ba, eka o bona di-call ho phutuho ena, romela 'me a haha lifektheri, beha railroads, kenya letsoho kahong ea dimela matla. Ka mehla ena, ho na le e ne e le boima ba tsebahalang-poster tsa Soviet Union tse bontšang hore ha e le hantle ya ho intša ka ilibana a sechaba ka nako eo.

Hape nakong ea Moralo pele tse hlano-Year ile a qala collectivization, e neng e tsamaisana le dispossession. Selemo sa bobeli sa leano pele ea lilemo tse hlano o ne a tla hamorao ho bitsoa "selemo sa phetoho e khōlō." Leha ho le joalo, ha mong le e mong ea tsebang hore na theko bōptjoa mapolasi kopanetsweng le lifektheri. Bakae ba futsanehileng le ba malapa a ba 'nile ba amohuoa ntlo, kamoo batho ba bangata ba e-shoa ke serame ...

Ka 1932, qetellong ya pele Plan tse hlano-Selemo. diphetho tsa lona e ne e le ka tsela e latelang:

• e matla tshireletso rarahaneng e se e bōpileng;
• Ho ile felisoa ho hloka mosebetsi;
• boipuso a moruo ea Soviet Union e se e fihlellwa;
• ho na le e ne e le tsamaiso e rerile tsa moruo tsa Soviet Union ;
• na mwango ya ea lilemo tse hlano o susumelletseha ntshetsopeleng e pharaletseng ea naha.

Pele tse hlano-Selemo Moralo o atlehile ho latela mesebetsi: bopa DnieproGES, Uralmash, ho ne ho senatla dimela tšepe, ho akarelletsa le dimela ka Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Novokuznetsk le Norilsk. Bula terene pele ka Moscow, o ile a qala tshebetso terekere lifektheri ka Stalingrad le Kharkov. Kahoo, USSR e ne e le ea tonanahali sesole matla le boipuso liindasteri.