Lisebelisoa tsa oli tsa Russia

Kamehla taba ea oli e nkoa e le ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa moruo oa naha leha e le efe.

Histori ea mechine ea ho hloekisa oli e Russia e qala ka 1745, ho tloha letsatsing leo ka lona khamphani ea pele e thehiloeng nōkeng ea Ukhta ke barab'abo rōna ba Chumelov. Ha pelo ea lihlahisoa tsa eona e beha e tloaelehileng, empa e bohlokoa haholo matsatsing ao parafene, hammoho le oli e meng ea lubricating.

Kajeno, indasteri ea ho hloekisa oli ea Russia e nkoa e le e atlehileng ka ho fetisisa. Palo ea likhoebo, tse nyenyane le tse kholo, li ntse li hōla ka ho sa feleng, ka lebaka la chelete e ntseng e eketseha ho tloha ha ho etsoa "khauta e ntšo". Lekala lena le ntlafatsoa haholo karolong e bohareng ea naha, hammoho le libakeng tsa Tyumen le Chelyabinsk.

Lisebelisoa tsa oli tsa Russia li hlahisa haholo-holo peterole, parafene, dielese, rocket, mafura a lifofane, oli ea oli, oli ea motlakase, bitumen, coke ea petroleum, joalo-joalo. Boholo ba bona bo thehiloe haufi le lits'ebetso tsa oli, tse etsang hore lik'hamphani li se ke tsa sebelisa chelete e eketsehileng bakeng sa ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse tala. Ka mor'a ho sebetsa, sehlahisoa se feliloeng se romeloa ho bareki ba ho qetela.

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa ho hloekisa libaka tsa Russia ke ts'ebetso e tebileng ea oli. Palo ea bona ea tlhahiso, e le molao, e na le mokhoa oa ho lokisa lihlahisoa tse tala, mohloli oa mafura oa oli le o sebetsang ka bobeli oa likaroloana, tse kenyeletsang ho senya, ho tsosolosa, ho pheha metsi, ho phethola metsi le ho kopanya likarolo tsa sehlahisoa sa petroleum.

Lihlahisoa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa oli tsa Russia li fumaneha literekeng tsa Central, Siberia le Volga, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa matla a fetang mashome a supileng a bokhoni ba naha. Tsena ke Gasprom Neft-Omsk Refinery, hammoho le Angarsk, Antipinsky (Tyumen), Afipsky (Krasnodar Territory), Krasnoleninsky (Khanty-Mansiysk), Ufa (Bashkiria), joalo-joalo. Libakeng tse ling tsa mekhatlo ea Russia, moeta-pele oa ho hloekisa oli e ka sehloohong ke Bashkiria.

Lisebelisoa tsa oli tsa Russia haholo li ile tsa hlaha naheng ea rona ka mor'a ntoa: ho fihlela ka 1965, ho ile ha hahoa bokhoni ba 16, e leng karolo e fetang halofo ea tse teng. Leha ho le joalo, nakong ea liphetoho tsa moruo lilemong tsa bo-1990, ho ile ha e-ba le khaello e khōlō ea tlhahiso ho indasteri ena. Ha ho thata ho hlalosa sena: ka nako eo tšebeliso ea ka hare ea oli e theohile ka matla, e leng se entseng boleng bo tlase ba sehlahisoa se hlahisitsoeng, ka hona ho theoha tlase ho fetoha ha ntlha, e fellang ho 67,4 lekholong. 'Me feela ka 1999 moferefere oa Omsk o ile oa khona ho atamela melao ea USA le Europe.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena feela ho bile le mokhoa o khothatsang makasineng ena, letšoao la boipheliso ba bohlokoa ho ntlafatso ea oli, e leng ho tloha ka 2006, ho feta li-ruble tse limilione tse likete tse 40.

Botebo ba tshebetso ea ho sebetsa bo eketsehile, hobane ka 2010 V. V. Putin o thibetsoe ke taelo ea hae ea ho hokahanya lihlahisoa tseo tse ncha Russia, tseo a sa li fihletseng ho 70%, ho nahana hore likhoebo tse joalo li hloka boithaopi bo tebileng. Palo ea mefuta e joalo e ntlafalitsoeng kajeno e Russia e fihla ho makholo a mabeli le mashome a mahlano.

Ho elella bofelong ba selemo sena, ho rerile ho haha mohaho o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa ho hloekisa oli Russia, e leng qetellong ea lipeipi tse fetang Siberia ho ea fihla Pacific, moo palo ea sehlahisoa sa sehlahisoa e tla ba karolo ea 93 lekholong, e tla lumellana le boemo bo fihletsoeng linaheng tse tšoanang tsa US .

Ho kopantsoe indastering e mengata ea oli naheng ea rona e tlas'a taolo ea lik'hamphani tse kholo tse leshome, tse kang Rosneft, Lukoil, Bashneft, Surgutneftegaz, TNK-BP, Gazprom, joalo-joalo.