Khopolo ea ho dissociation electrolytic. Tlhaloso e bonolo ea dithulaganyo rarahaneng

Le poleloaneng e reng "electrolytic dissociation" bo-rasaense ba sebetse ho tloha lekholong la ea leshome le metso e robong morao. ponahalo ea hae, re tlamehile ke Sweden setsebi sa k'hemistri Arrhenius. Ho sebetsa ka bothata ba electrolyte ka lilemo tse 1884-1887, o ile a kenya mo ho hlalosa ketsahalo ea ionization ka ditharollo le ka sebopeho sa qhibiliha. The mochine oa ketsahalo ena e ka etsa qeto ea ho ba hlalosetsa li bole kapele 'ea limolek'hule le ka ions, likarolo le positive, kapa mpe qoso.

Khopolo ea ho dissociation electrolytic hlalosa conductivity ea ba bang tharollo. Ka mohlala, ho potassium chloride ke bath ea petsoha ena letsoai ea limolek'hule tsa Ion potassium ho ba le qoso le pontšo KCl «garena" (ealogy) le Ion chloride, qoso le letšoao "ho tloswa" (anion). Hydrochloric acid e HCl e petsoha ka ka ealogy (Ion hydrogen) le e anion (chloride Ion), tharollo tsa sodium hydroxide NaHO isang Ion sodium le e anion ka Ion hydroxide. Dipehelo tsa sehlooho tsa thuto ea ho dissociation electrolytic hlalosa boitšoaro ba ions ka tharollo. Ho latela khopolo ena, ba ile ba fallela haholo ka bolokolohi ka hare ho tharollo ea, 'me esita le lerotholi nyane ea tharollo e tšehetsoa ke motho kabo junifomo liqoso oppositely qosoa motlakase.

Khopolo ea sebopeho sa electrolytic dissociation tsa electrolyte ka ditharollo ea metsi o ile a hlalosa ka tsela e latelang. Ponahalo ea ions mahala e bontša ka ho timetsoa ha boitsebiso kristale lekhoakhoa. Tšebetso ena ke dissolving ntho e metsi e susumetsoa ke sephetho sa limolek'hule Polar solvent (ka mohlala oa rōna re nahana ka metsi). Kahoo ba ile ba khona ho fokotsa matla a khoheli electrostatic teng pakeng tsa ions ka kristale libaka lekhoakhoa, sephetho le ions ba isoa mokhatlo mahala ea tharollo. The ions mahala kena tikolohong ea polar limolek'hule metsi. liforomo ena khetla potolohileng, khopolo ea ho dissotsiatsiinazyvaet electrolytic hydrated.

Empa khopolo ea ho electrolytic dissociation Arrhenius e hlalosa ho bōptjoa ha electrolyte, eseng feela ka tharollo. The lekhoakhoa kristale ka timetsoa tlas'a tšusumetso ea mocheso. Futhumatsang ea kristale, re fumana phello ea oscillations e matla ea ions ea ka libaka le lekhoakhoa, butle-butle ea isang ho ho timetsoa ha kristale le ho hlaha ha qhibiliha ka ho feletseng entsoe ka ions.

Khutlela tharollo ho nkoa thepa fapaneng tsa ntho, e leng eo re e bitsang solvent. Moemeli hlaheletseng ka ho fetisisa tsa lelapa lena ke metsi. The tšobotsi ea bohlokoa ke ho ba teng ha limolek'hule moment, i.e. ha pheletsong e 'ngoe ea molek'hule e sebele qosoa' me e mong hampe. Metsi molek'hule botlalo kopana ditlhoko tsena, empa metsi ke se sa solvent feela.

tshebetso e ka bakela electrolytic dissociation le batho bao e seng ea metsi solvents Polar Ka mohlala, mokelikeli dioxide e sebabole, mokelikeli ammonia, 'me joalo-joalo. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke metsi hore ae phethang sebaka ka sehloohong letotong lena ka lebaka la thepa ea lona ea fokolisa (qhala) a rata electrostatic' me a timetse bonaletsang lekhoakhoa bonahala haholo-holo khanyang. Ka hona, bua ka ditharollo, re tiile ke mokelikeli ea metsi.

Ho ithuta ka ho phethahetseng ea thepa ea electrolyte lumelloa ho fallela khopolo ea matla le tekanyo ea ho dissociation. Tlasa tekanyo ea ho dissociation tsa electrolyte e ne a bua ka karo-karolelano ea limolek'hule dissociated ho palo ea bona palo yohle. electrolyte bokgoni ba, coefficient ena ranges ho tloha lefela ho e 'ngoe,' me tekanyo ea ho dissociation, eo e lekana le lefela, e bontša hore re sebelisana le batho bao e seng electrolyte. Ka ho eketseha ha tekanyo e oa dissociation ea le phello e ntle ho eketseha mocheso ea tharollo.

Electrolyte lebotho la rerang tekanyo ea ho dissociation, ha feela ea mahloriso ea kamehla le mocheso. electrolyte matla ho ba le tekanyo ea ho dissociation, atamela bonngoe. Ke hantle qhibilihang ka har'a matsoai, alkalis, acid.

Khopolo ea ho dissociation electrolytic ho ka khoneha ho hlalosa mefuta e fapaneng sephara ea liketsahalo, tse ithutile ka wa ea fisiks, k'hemistri, physiology ea limela le liphoofolo, mogopolofela electrochemistry.