Khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus". The khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus" - ea Soviet Union khau

Se a ntse a lilemo tse mathoasong a nako ea Great rata naha Ntoa, boeta-pele ba Soviet Union o ile a hlokomela hore ho hlokahala hore ba ananela feat, ea basireletsi ba Motherland ena. Ho finyella sena e 'nile ea e thehilweng likhau tse neng li fuoa ho masole a fetisisa hlaheletseng le baahi ba bontšitseng boganka le sebete ho loantša ea Manazi bafutuhi. E 'ngoe ea likhau tsena e ne e le khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus" (1944). Kajeno ho bolokiloe ka malapa a mangata e le khopotso ea heroism bo-ntat'a bona mpe bankoko.

prehistory

Pele o re bolella ka khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus", ho ke ke bohlokoa ba re mantsoe a seng makae ka hore na ntoa ena geopolitical sebakeng bohlokoa le kamoo ho leng bohlokoa ea tlhōlo oa lebotho Serussia ka tsela ena o ne a ena bakeng sa phello ea WWII.

Ho qhoma ha ntoa holim'a taolo ea Caucasus e nkoa e le 25 July 1942. Leha ho le joalo, e Jeremane General Staff qeto ea ho ea e rua naha ea e lebagane le Don, khoeli e fetileng. Ho etsa sena, le bone Panzer Army Wehrmacht lokela ho khaotsa ka pele setšeng sa pakeng tsa Kharkov le Kursk, 'me joale o ne a nkiloe ke motse oa Rostov-on-Don, e leng bohlokoa mosolotogamaano ntlha.

Battle tsa Caucasus

Ka August 1942, ho lihlopha tsa masole a Jeremane ea Bonazi tšoara "motso Shelter" - ka ho fetisisa phahameng-bophahamong hloa thaba hoteleng USSR, teng ka e bophahamong ba limithara tse 4130 po, eo heroically emela mabotho a NKVD (ba bangata ba baphonyohi ba lintoa tsena li ne li ile a fuoa ho khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus"). Bona ho ne ho folakha ea Puso ea Bonazi. ketsahalo ena e ile koahela ka ebe o tobetsa konopo ea lefatše e le bofelong ba nkhape tsa Caucasus, le Gauptman Haynts Groth, ea ileng a etsoa opereishene ena, Hitler o ne a fuoa e Knight o Cross.

Khoeli ka mor'a liketsahalo tse hapang tlhokomelo o ile a hlalosa mabotho a Jeremane a hapa ho fetisisa motseng oa Novorossiysk, 'me ka mor'a nako e itseng' me Sancharsky Marukh fetisa tsa Caucasus Mountains. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha ntlha ena ka ba hatela pele joang liehisa, 'me joale ka ho feletseng khaotsa ho ke Union Army. Ho fihlela qetellong ea 1942 o ile a lula ka pel'a ho leka-lekana ea matla, e neng e tlōla ka lebaka la katleho ea masole a Soviet Union ka Stalingrad. Ka lebaka leo, ho ne ho le kotsi ho tikoloho ba mabotho a Wehrmacht ka Caucasus, e leng etsa hore e ngongorehisa tsa Jeremane General Staff.

Union counteroffensive

Khōlō sesole liketso tsa ka Caucasus di qadile ho tloha qalong ea January 1943. Ka lebaka leo, le lihlopha tsa masole Wehrmacht ile ba tlameha ho Retreat, a se ke a fumana ka tikoloho. Libeke tse seng kae hamorao masole a Soviet Union o ile a khona ho tlohela masole tsa bophirimela Wehrmacht la Rostov-on-Don, le halofo ea ya pele ya February ile ha tšoauoa ka lulisa ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa Novorossiysk. Ka tsela eo ho ile ha hlaha bridgehead "Nyenyane Earth", eo phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho lokolloa ha Novorossiysk, loanela hore ho qetela ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-September. Ka tsela eo, ho na le hlaheletseng L. I. Brezhnev, 'me hamorao o ile a fumana ho khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus", litšenyehelo tsa tsona hona joale li ka fumanoa faleristov.

E tšoanang le ena, ka April sepakapakeng ka holimo Kuban ileng sa etsahala e mong oa teleskopbomlift ea ntoeng kholo ka ho fetisisa historing ea ntoa, eo ho eona bakhanni Union fetola boemo boo ho Molemo bona 'me ba hlōla mabotho a Luftwaffe.

La 3 September, Hitler o ile a tlameha ho laela hore a khaotsa ho tsuba hang-hang masole a Jeremane ka Crimean hloahloa. Kahoo, ho October 9, 1943 RSC diyuniti ka botlalo tseba Taman, 't. E. Ketsahalo eo bo-rahistori ba fetisisa sesole nahana ka qetello sebele ea tšollang mali le ba bohale bo tšosang ea ntoeng bakeng sa Caucasus. e sephetho joalo la ntoa ho ile ha phetha karolo ea e kholo ka qetello ea lirephabliking Transcaucasian ea USSR. Ka ho khetheha, ba 'nile ba phonyoha mosebetsi. Ho phaella moo, katleho ea lebotho la Soviet Union thibeloa ho kena ntoeng ka Turkey, o nako e telele a rata toro ho atolosa meeli ea eona ka a bale litsenyehelo ea Soviet Union.

Awards: khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus" (general lesedi)

Ea ka mongoli oa seketshe ke moetsi oa litšoantšo Ni Moskalev. The khau ho ile ha thehoa ka May 1944. The khau tla tsofetseng ka letsoele setse le, haeba ho na le khau le likhau tse ling tsa USSR, e beha ka mor'a khau eo, a fuoa ho barupeluoa ba ea Kiev itšireletsa. Ho ea ka boitsebiso bo neng li le teng ka nako e ea mokete oa sehopotso sa bo40 sa Tlhōlo e Moholo, ka ho a 870.000 baahi ba oona tsohle tsa Soviet Union.

Le melao ea tsamaiso ka khau ho

khau ena e ile ea fuoa masole a kaofela ha Red Army, e NKVD le Union Navy, hammoho le baemeli ba baahi ba ntlhobolisa, ba nkile e le karolo e tobileng ka tshireletso ya Caucasus. Ho ea ka Molawana ka ho thehoa ha 'lebaka la hae bakeng sa sena e ya data, e leng e pakiloeng ka ho ba le seabo sebele ka tshebetso ntoa tikolohong eo. likhau ba ile ba hlahisa lebitsong la ka Holimo-limo Union Presidium.

Khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus" ba ile ba ne a rerile hore masole a ileng a ha e le hantle kopanela tshireletso ya Caucasus likhoeli bonyane tse tharo, hammoho le ka nako ea ho tloha July 1942 ho October 1943. Ha e le baahi, e leng khau e ile ea fuoa batho ba kenya letsoho ntoeng, hammoho le ba neng ba hahile tšireletso le liqhobosheane, ho tloha hoetla ka 1941. Joaloka likhau tse ling WWII, le khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus" ha e sa etsoa. 'Nete ke hore hoo e ka bang tsohle ba batho bao e lokela ho ba sebeletsa, o ile a fumana hore, ho akarelletsa le posthumously.

Likhau bakeng sa Defense tsa Caucasus: Tlhaloso

khau ena ka boholo le ka sebopeho (a selika-likoe 3.2 cm, le bophara ba) e le tsoanang ho fetisisa tse ling generated nakong WWII, 'me e entsoe ka brase.

Ka holim'a obverse ho bontša Mount Elbrus, ka lona maoto - rigs oli, tseo ka tsona sehlopha se hahabang ditanka holim'a litlhōrō tsa lithaba - silhouettes fofang lifofane. The khau e sehelane moeli le mophethong bontšang setaele se kang moqhaka ea morara le lipalesa ka setsi seo ka sona, ha a le holimo haholo ke tse nyenyane tse hlano nchocho naleli. Qetellong ea khau ke mantsoe ana a ngotsoeng "USSR", 'me pakeng tsa litlhaku - hamore le sekele. Tlasa moqhaka ka lesakaneng hatisoa mangolo tsosoa, phutha poleloana e reng "For the Defense tsa Caucasus." Ha e le khutlisetsang ho, e entsoe ka mokhoa setso le ka khona ho bala tsekedi "Ka Motherland Our Union", e leng moo ho setšoantšo hona joale ea ho hamore le sekele, lelele ka holimo holim'a metsi.

theipi

The khau e na le tse nyenyane tse chitja eyelet, ka eona, 'me e le tšesaane tšepe lesale amanang ho-ea le literata pentagonal, e leng e koahetsoe moire method silika lente le lifate tsa mohloaare bophara 2,4 cm, Ka molekeng oa hlobolisa sa rera e putsoa,' me bohareng -. Peli tse tšoeu metopa (bophara ba lihlopha ho - 2 limilimithara).

The khau "Ka Defense tsa Caucasus", theko ea eo kajeno ranges ho tloha li-ruble tse 700 ho 2000, ka ba mokhabiso ho faleristov efe kapa efe pokello.