Hydrolysis kgopolo. Tlhamiwe litšobotsi tsa tshebetso: hydrolysis kamehla le tekanyo ea ho hydrolysis

Ke hydrolysis ea letsoai e se ne ho bolela ho itšoara joang pakeng tsa limolek'hule tsa metsi le limolek'hule tsa letsoai qhibiliha. Ka lebaka la joalo ba ikutloa ka tsela di thehoa little- komponeng dissociated. tshebetso ka etsahala, e seng feela le letsoai, empa tabeng ea ho ba teng ka metsi a solutes tse ling - lik'habohaedreite, lihaha-'mele, mafura, kapa esters. Numerically, ba itsoara joang ka bongata tse peli li sebelisoa - tekanyo ea ho hydrolysis (β) le letsoai hydrolysis kamehla (K [kea]).

Ba itšoara joang hangata a hlokomela phetoho ka lekhetlo la pele tharollo acidity. Ho ena le solvent manyolo (metsi) a ka sebelisoa e le solvent tsa mofuta o mong. Leha ho le joalo, tabeng ena ba itšoara joang pakeng tsa solvent le letsoai li bitsoa solvolysis.

Ho bohlokoa ho tseba hore ho ameha ka hydrolysis ea letsoai feela tseo tse tswang ho dikarolo tsa makalana fokola 'me acid. Matsoai tswang acid matla le makalana, ho hydrolysis itšoara joang ha a pepesa.

E le hore a khethollang tsamaiso e phallo kaofela, o sebelisa tlhaloso e khethehileng - tekanyo ea ho hydrolysis (β). Tekanyo ea ho hydrolysis rerang ho tebile hakae le mong ka ea mahloriso ya limolek'hule hore hydrolyze (C [haeteroliki]) ho ea pele (mohloding) e na le ea mahloriso ea letsoai qhibiliha (C [ref.]). Ka dipalo ena ka ho bontšoa ke abel tse latelang: β = C [haeteroliki] / C [ref.].

boholo ba itsoara joang ka itšetlehile ka lintho tse tharo:

- sebopeho sa ions tse etsang letsoai;

- letsoai mahloriso tsa ions;

- tharollo mocheso.

Tekanyo ea ho hydrolysis atisa ho eketsa le fokotseha tsa dissociation kamehla acid e fokolang kapa botlaaseng, hammoho le ho fokotsa tekanyo ea mahloriso letsoai le ho eketseha mocheso.

Ba itšoara joang ka 'na etsahala ka isa tekanyong appreciable feela ditharollo hlapolla. Ka hona, haeba boleng ba C [H20] e na le boleng hoo e ka bang kamehla, ka nako eo e ba le bonolo ho a bale boleng sehlahisoa K [kea] (kapa hydrolysis kamehla). Ho itšetlehile ka thepa e lekanyelitsoeng ea acid le makalana tseo letsoai li thehoa, hydrolysis ka 'na etsahala ka e' ngoe ea tse tharo merero e, 'me ka hona e sa khaotseng letsoai hydrolysis e balwa ka tsela e fapaneng.

Hydrolysis ya letsoai tse nkiloeng likarolong tse sa acid e le matla le ho e le setsi fokolang (eo hape a bitsoang thulaganyou e - ka ealogy hydrolysis)

hydrolysis kamehla e laolwang ke moralo latelang: K [kea] = K [W] / K [botlaaseng], moo K [W] - ka lebaka la sehlahiswa Ion ya metsi (C [H] + C [OH (-)]).

Ho tswa ho hydrolysis ho hlahisa maikutlo e sa khaotseng ho ka bonoa hore ka ea fokotseha ka botlaaseng ba qobella ho eketseha ha melao ea boitšoaro ba lulang li ba hydrolysis le, kahoo, tekanyo ea ho hydrolysis. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tekanyo ea ho hydrolysis atisa ho eketsa le fokotseha matla botlaaseng le tekanyo ea mahloriso ea letsoai ka tharollo. Eketseha itsoara joang ka mocheso hape eketsa hydrolysis lulang li le makgabane e phahameng ea ka tekanyo e sa hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis ya letsoai tse derivatives tsa botlaaseng le matla le asiti fokolang (eo hape a tsejoa thulaganyou e - hydrolysis tsa anion e)

Hydrolysis kamehla e balwa sebedisa moralo latelang: K [kea] = K [W] / K [acid e] moo boleng K [acid e] - ke dissociation kamehla bakeng sa acid e fokolang.

Hydrolysis ya letsoai tse derivatives a botlaaseng ba fokolang le asiti e fokolang (ho lebitso le leng - hydrolysis tsa cations le anions)

Tabeng ena, ho hydrolysis makgabane kamehla tla ikemisetsa dissociation kamehla botlaaseng fokola 'me acid e fokolang. E balwa ka tsela eo e latelang: K [kea] = K [W] / K [acid e] * K [botlaaseng].

e bolelang hydrolysis

itšoare ka etsahalang tshebetso hydrolysis ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka dithulaganyo morao-rao liindasteri. Mohlala, joalo itsoara joang ka ea e sebediswa ho hloekisa metsi a tsoang admixtures tse kotsi le tse coarsely qhalakantsoeng colloidal letoto lena. Bakeng sa morero ona pula e khethehileng ea hydroxides la tšepe le aluminium, o ile a fumana ka hydrolysis tsa sulfate ferric, chloride ferric le sulfate aluminium.

Hydrolysis - ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho ba tshilo ya dijo ea lintho tse phelang Lefatšeng. Boholo ba matla a hlokahalang bakeng sa ho ba teng ha phelang, e bolokwa ka adenosine diphosphate (ATP). Ho itšehla thajana ea matla a se hlahile ka tšebetso e amang hydrolysis tsa ATP.