Ba litlhaka kahare amino acid e tse hahiloeng molek'hule?

Ea acid e amino le litlhaka kahare ea limolek'hule protheine ba hahoa. polymers joalo tse phahameng limolek'hule thepa tlhaho. E entsoe ka thepa ea motheo e lik'hemik'hale tse kang k'habone, ho na le hydrogen, oksijene, naetrojene le teng. The acid nucleic na phosphorus, 'me e le karolo ea liprotheine tse ngata li na sebabole.

makgetheng mehaho

Ho tloha ka litlhaka kahare ho amino acid e ea molek'hule li hahoa ea limolek'hule protheine, ba na le phahameng a lekanyelitsoeng ea limolek'hule boima. Ba ba bitsoa makropolimerami. Jwalo ka mehlala ea metsoako tlaase limolek'hule boima kenyeletsa alcohols, acid carboxylic, nucleotides, monosaccharides,-amino acid.

macromolecules

E hahiloe ba litlhaka kahare amino acid e ea liprotheine le molek'hule ho hlokahala bakeng sa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea lintho tse phelang. Ka kakaretso, lona limolek'hule boima a lekanyelitsoeng e emetsweng fapaneng ho tloha likete tse 'maloa ho tse ka bang milione. Ka limolek'hule tsa metsoako protheine, acid nucleic, polysaccharides nahana e itseng eo di ea pheta diyuniti.

Monomers bitsoang limolek'hule tse bonolo tse ke motheo bakeng sa sebopeho sa limolek'hule polymer. Eo limolek'hule tsa hahoa ho tloha-amino acid? The karabo ea potso ena ke tloaelehileng ho baithuti efe kapa efe sekolong se phahameng. Monomer bakeng sa bona le amino acid. Bakeng sa polysaccharides hlokahala monosaccharides, le nucleotides lia hlokahala bakeng sa kaho ea acid nucleic.

Meaning of biopolymers

Kahoo, litlhaka kahare amino acid e li hahoa limolek'hule protheine e phetha mesebetsi ngata. Re lokela ho hlokomela kaho ea mosebetsi oa bona. E lumella hore o haha limolek'hule protheine tse itseng ho motho ea phelang a phelang. Ho phaella moo, protheine limolek'hule - e le mohloli oa matla, 'me ka hona liprotheine kenyeletsa lijo letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka lisele tsa tsona li leng palo e fapaneng ya metsoako manyolo. Ka mohlala, bakeng sa liphoofolo tsa tšoauoa ka ho predominance tsa lipids le liprotheine limeleng le - e le chelete e lekaneng ea lik'habohaedreite.

Ba litlhaka kahare ka amino acid e oa phoofolo ea limolek'hule protheine ba hahoa. Joalo "litene" tse amphoteric metsoako ba lokisetsa ka protheine molek'hule ka tatelano itseng. Hona joale ho na le boitsebiso bo mabapi le ho ba teng ha amino acid tse makholo a mabeli, empa bakeng sa sebopeho sa tlhaho li etsahala liprotheine sebediswa mashome a mabeli feela tsa tsona. Ba ba bitsoa le protheine-eaba ba etsa. Mohlala, liprotheine ka hahoa interlaces tsa alanine, leucine, lysine, acid e aspartic, valine, methionine, glutamine, threonine. Ka potso ea litlhaka kahare ho amino acid e tse hahiloeng molek'hule, liithuti fa mehlala ea protheine liphoofolo.

Features ya sebopeho lik'hemik'hale

The amino acid tse khonang ho eaba ba etsa molecule, e amino sehlopha le sehlopha carboxyl bonded ho e 'ngoe har'a carbon athomo. Ke tšobotsi ena kopanya palo ka holimo. The litlhaka kahare amino acid e fapana ka ho hlophisoa ha khōlō. E ka 'na hydrophilic kapa hydrophobic, Polar kapa batho bao e seng Polar, e fanang ka thepa e itseng ea-amino acid.

The bongata ba amino acid le ba nang le bokhoni ba eaba ba etsa proteinaceous molek'hule a nang le tsona 'ngoe carboxyl sehlopha (ka sebopeho lona ho na le hydroxyl le carbonyl) amino sehlopha' me e mong, kahoo ba ile ba li nkoa e le limolek'hule tsa ho se nke lehlakore.

Ho na le amino acid mantlha le lihlopha tse 'maloa amino, hammoho le asiti-amino acid, e entsoe ka likaroloana tse ling tsa lihlopha tseo carboxyl. Ka mohlala, liathomo sebabole ka molek'hule e cysteine.

dikgetho tswakana

phelang Autotrophic synthesize-amino acid tloha inorganic dintho naetrojene-e nang le ho ba dihlahiswa tsa tala.

phelang Heterotrophic li sebelisoa e le ka sehloohong lijo mohloli oa amino acid. E le karolo ea 'mele oa motho e tsa maiketsetso tloha lihlahisoa amino acid e ea metabolism. metsoako tse joalo li nkoa e le fapanyetsana. E le mohloli oa amino acid bohlokwa khone tsa maiketsetso ka 'mele oa motho, ho sebelisa lijo tse itseng. Seo acid ba bitsoa bohlokoa bakeng sa motho? Sena lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine. Bakeng sa 'mele oa ngoana ea ho na le tse peli tsa bohlokwa amino acid: histidine le arginine.

Kaha amino acid tse metsoako amphoteric, ba tšoauoa ka reactivity phahameng. Pakeng tsa acid e mong amino le sehlopha carboxyl tsa molek'hule ea bobeli e bopa k'hemik'hale tlamo e bitsoang peptide (amide) tlamo e.

Ka lebaka la joalo ba ikutloa ka tsela lik'hemik'hale hlahisa guttate peptide sebopeho. pheletsong e 'ngoe ea komponeng e ncha e na le amino sehlopha,' me ea bobeli e na le bolokolohi carboxyl sehlopha. sebopeho joalo dumella dipeptide kopana le limolek'hule tse ling tse,-amino acid, eaba ba etsa polypeptide komponeng.

bofello

The peptides ke tsa bohlokoa ho khetheha bakeng sa bophelo ba motho. Polypeptides ka sebopeho bona tse chefo, lithibela-mafu, hammoho le ba bang ba li-hormone. liketane Polypeptide ka a qapa a likete-amino acid lokisetsa ka tatelano itseng. Haeba feela litlhaka kahare amino acid e li entsoe ka macromolecules protheine, ba ba bitsoa bonolo.

Ha sebopeho sa protheine molek'hule ha se feela dikarolo amino acid e, empa hape e cations ea tšepe, a mankanese a, zinki, tsoekere, nucleotides, lipids, tabeng ena le molek'hule e bitsoa liprotheine rarahaneng. E bonolo le protheine tloaelehile hore batho ba itšehle fibrin, albumin mali, potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale.

Rarahaneng limolek'hule protheine fumana lisireletsi (immunoglobulins) enzyme. Ho na le mefuta e mene ea mokhatlo oa mehaho ea limolek'hule le protheine. sebopeho ka sehloohong ke a latellana joang guttate ba litlhaka kahare amino acid e amana ka ho peptide (amide) litlamo.

Ho ea etsang qeto ea mesebetsi, thepa, hammoho le mokgwa wa protheine ena. Ka lebaka la mehaho e ka sehloohong bopa version dibopeho fapaneng. Mong le e mong phelang na lona ikhethang sebopeho sa mathomo, e baka mathata a itseng bakeng sa tswakana ena. Ka mohlala, ho hlaha mathata ka tlhopho ya mahlahana meriana bakeng sa motho ka mong e itseng.