Sulfides le hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide le sulfide ammonium

Ke sulphides kenyeletsa metsoako lik'hemik'hale manyolo le inorganic, le athomo sebabole ka molek'hule lona e tsamaisana le ba bang ba tšepe kapa batho bao e seng tšepe. Bakeng sa sulfides inorganic metsoako e tloaelehileng ke sulfide hydrogen (H2S), bao e leng sehlopha sa acid le sulfide ammonium (moralo (NH4) bo-2 go), bao e leng sehlopha sa letsoai. Hape sulfides tsa tšepe le nonmetals mdlody moralo kakaretso KxSy (moo K - ke tšepe kapa nonmetal ealogy, le S - asiti sulphide hydrogen masalla, x, le featswan - palo ea cations tšepe le anions tsa moiety acid e ka molek'hule ea, ka ho latellana), bua ka sehlopha sa letsoai. Mohlala, tšepe sulfide (II) Fes. Organic sulfides - ntho lik'hemik'hale, ka athomo sebabole ka molek'hule bona tse amanang le radicals hydrocarbon. Sena mercaptides (thioethers) tsa akaretsang moralo o balletsweng RSR ', le R le R' - hydrocarbon radicals.

metsoako tsohle tsa lik'hemik'hale eo limolek'hule na le tšepe athomo, 'me liathomo tse ka bang bao e seng tšepe (boron B, phosphorus P, ka silicon Si, arsenic Joalokaha), amahanngoa le athomo sebabole (S) le tsela e itseng ea ho kena moea lekana le ho tloswa ea 2, ka kakaretso ho nkoa letsoai H2S sulphide hydrogen . sulfides Inorganic (ntle H2S), mohlala, sulfide, sulfide ammonium kapa boron, e nka ho ba le letsoai kakaretso, kaha bobeli ba sulphide hydrogen liathomo acid e hydrogen li nketsoe sebaka ke cations tse ling. Ha sulphide hydrogen ka acid e ea, athomo le 'ngoe feela e nkeloa sebaka ke cations (e leng ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa alkaline lefatše le a alkali tšepe), letsoai le tla etsoa acid e letsoai. Mehlala ea hydrosulfides inorganic (bisulfide ho seng joalo) e ka nna metsoako kang hydrosulfide ammonium (NH4HS Mokgwa wa ho Nahana) kapa sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). Ka limolek'hule hydrosulfides, ho fapana ho sulfide, kapa acid e anion masalla ke HS-. Organic hydrosulfide kenyeletsa mercaptans (thiols le thioalcohols) tsa akaretsang moralo o balletsweng RSH, moo R - hydrocarbon khōlō. Mercaptides le mercaptans ba tšoauoa ka nomenclature o pharaletse, kahoo ba ile ba hloka ho nahanisisoa ka tlatsetso.

sulfides fetisisa na khanyang colouring. Ka metsi hantle qhibilihang ka har'a feela sulfide ammonium le sulfides tsa tšepe a alkali. Hoo e batlang e insoluble ka metsi, setseng tšepe sulphides. Ho tloha sulfides ke hydrogen sulfide letsoai ea acid fokolang, baemeli ba bona metsi-qhibilihang ka har'a ka hydrolyzed. Bakeng sa sulfides thehoa ke lirafshoa tse nang le puso e phahameng ho kena moea kapa, haeba hydroxides bona ke makalana fokolang (mohlala, Cr2S3, Al2S3, joalo-joalo), hangata hydrolysis tsoela irreversibly. Sulfides ke maikutlo a fokotsa mahlahana, itšoara joang le oksijene sepakapakeng ka thempereichara e phahameng ho theha matsoai, eo ho eona athomo sebabole e na le lengolo la e phahameng ea ho kena moea, tse kang sulfates le dioxide e sebabole. sulfide ammonium e sebelisoa ka ho nka lifoto, ho indasteri e Textile. Sulfides li sebelisoa e le thepa semiconductor, phosphors, ka moriana, ka temo.

sulfides The ka hlahisoang ke mekhoa e fapaneng. Ammonium sulfide (e tsejoang e le lebitso la e 'ngoe ea letsoai ena - diammonium sulfide) e lokisitsoeng ke itšoara sulfide hydrogen ka fetang ammonia: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) bo-2 go. More manganga acid e letsoai la sulfide hydrogen e tšepe sulfide Fes, e leng ho ka feela ho bole ka futhumatsang ka vacuo ho fumana e (ena ke o mong oa mekhoa e ngata tsebahalang) ke e itsoara joang ka etsolloa le tšepe sebabole: Fe + S → Fes.

Limolek'hule boima ba sulfide ammonium le 68,14. .. E limithara Gross-moralo ea tsamaiso Hill ka ngotsweng e le: H8N2S. Le ponahalo e tšoana le letsoai colorless kristale. Ammonium sulfide ka 20 ° C hang-hang qhibilihang ka har'a metsi. Qhibilihang ka har'a ka ethanol. Ena ntho hygroscopic khona ho 'me le monya mongobo. Profinseng lokolohile ha a fumana sulfide ammonium. Ho tloha (NH4) bo-2 go letsoai e sa tsitsang, ka nako eo ditharollo lona ea metsi ke haufi 'me sulphide hydrogen kahoo ba akarelletsa le hantle ya motsoako oa NH3 le NH4HS, le tharollo ea metsi ya (NH4) bo-2 go ke mokelikeli colorless ka monko oa ammonia le sulfide hydrogen. The tharollo karabelong e alkaline le ph ho kotika 9.3. The lithollo tsa letsoai le tiileng ke ke ha khoneha ho khetholla, esita le ka tsidifatso matla ea tharollo. Ka lebaka la ho kena moea ke oksijene sepakapakeng le sebopeho sa polysulfides, ammonium sulfide tharollo ka potlako fellang mosehla. Ka hona sulfide tharollo lokela ho ho bolokoa ka botlolo tlala ho stopper le ka thata-thata tiisitsoe.

Boima limolek'hule ke ammonium hydrosulfide le 51,11. .. E limithara Gross-moralo ea tsamaiso Hill ka ngotsweng e le: H5NS. Letsoai le ponahalo ke colorless rhombic kristale. The segokanyipalo sa ea letsoai lekana le 0,89 g, / cm3. Qhibiliha ntlha 120 ° C (le tlas'a khatello). Ha mocheso kamoreng e le mouoane 'me sublimation ea mouoane reagent. komponeng ena ke ho hloka botsitso ka mocheso kamore. ntho ea hang-hang qhibilihang ka har'a ka ethyl joala le metsi a batang, ka metsi a chesang kapa halefile le arohana ka hanyane. Liphetoho ea metsi a alkali. Ka moea ea nang le bokhoni hydrosulfide ammonium e oxidized, kahoo, ho ho tswa ho tharollo colorless ha bolokoa ka potlako fellang mosehla e loketseng hore ho thehoe polysulfides. Ammonium hydrosulfide e ka ka lokisoa ka ho toba ka ho itšoara ammonia le sulfide hydrogen ka diethyl (sebabole) kapa ka ho fetisa moea ka 0 ° C ho e tharollo ammonia tsa sulfide hydrogen feteletseng ke le abel itšoara joang: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.