Tšepe a alkali

A alkali tšepe - francium, cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, lithium - jwalo bitsoa ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore mokgwa wa a alkali ke itsoara joang ka metsi. Ka lebaka la matla a phahameng ho nka khato ka likarolo tsena lokela ho bolokoa ka tlas'a mokato tsa oli diminerale kapa parafine. The a sebetsang a ho fetisisa ya metsoako tsena e nkoa e francium (e ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi).

tšepe a alkali - dintho bonolo, silevera, 'mala. holim 'a bona qetang ho khaola o na le benya bath. tšepe a alkali li qhibilihile 'me lethopa ka thempereichara e tlaase, ba le phahameng mogote le motlakase conductivity. Ba ne ba boetse ba le tlaase segokanyipalo.

Lik'hemik'hale thepa ea tšepe a alkali

Dintho tse matla fokotsa mahlahana, metsoako ea bontša ka tsela e itseng ea ho kena moea (buka e ikhethang) +1. Le ho eketseha ha boima ba 'mele tšepe athomo alkali le eketsa fokotsa bokhoni. Hoo e ka bang kaofela ha metsoako e li qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi, ba ionic ka tlhaho.

Le e leka-lekaneng futhumatsang tšepe a alkali hotetsa moeeng. Hammoho le hydrogen e bopa letsoai-joaloka ntho hydrides. Combustion e lihlahisoa ke ka tloaelo ho peroxides.

A alkali oxides tšepe tse-butle bosehla (oxides tsa rubidium le potassium), e tšoeu (oxides tsa sodium le lithium) le lamunu (Cesium oxide e) mebala. oxides tsena ba ka khona ho itšoara ka metsi, acid, oksijene, acid e le oxides amphoteric. litšobotsi tse tsena tsa motheo tse sa tlholeho ho kaofela ha bona ba le ho ba le botho ba phatlalatsoe.

peroxides tsa tšepe a alkali - phofo bosehla tšoeu mmala. Ba khona ho itšoara ka carbon dioxide le likhase carbon monoxide, acid, nonmetals, metsi.

a alkali tšepe hydroxides tse qhibilihang ka har'a metsing,-butle tšoeu. Ka metsoako tsena li bontša (khanyang lekana) thepa ea motheo alkalis. Lithium makalana ho Franz lebotho la le tekanyo ea ho solubility ka eketseha metsi. Hydroxides nkoa matla electrolyte lekana. Ba ikutloa joang ka letsoai, hydroxides amphoteric le oxides, itseng bao e seng tšepe, oxides acid e. Ntle le motsoako le lithium phomola mesebetsing bontša mogote botsitso. Calcining lithium hydroxide ke li bole kapele 'lona ka metsi le oxide e. Itse metsoako ba fumanoa ka mokhoa oa ho electrolysis tsa ditharollo ea metsi chloride ya palo ya a itšoare tshilong ya dijo. Hydroxides lokisetsa hape ke dikarolo itšoara (kapa oxides) le metsi.

Hoo e ka bang ka tšepe matsoai a hlalosa tsohle (ntle le bakeng sa e itseng lithium letsoai) ke qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi hantle. Thehoa ke acid fokolang, ditharollo letsoai na ba ikutloa ka tsela mahareng (alkaline) ka lebaka la ho hydrolysis ya letsoai thehoa acid e le matla ha ba hydrolyzed. letsoai e Tloaelehileng ba Lejoe (sodium) letsoai, e le sekgomaretsi metaborate (metsi khalase), nitrate potassium, bertoletova letsoai, permanganate potassium, libotlolong soda, soda le molora, 'me ba bang.

Kaofela ha metsoako a alkali na le bokhoni ba ho fetola 'mala oa lelakabe leo. E e sebelisoa ka and analysis lik'hemik'hale. Kahoo, lelakabe carmine khubelu qaphalletsoa le ions lithium, ka bopherese - ions potassium ka mosehla - sodium whitish pinki - rubidium, bopherese-khubelu - cesium.

Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore lisele tsohle alkaline tse matla ka ho fetisisa fokotsa mahlahana, ba ka fumana matsoai entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa ke electrolysis.

Sebelisa tsa tšepe a alkali

thepa ea motheo e sebelisoang ka Makala a fapaneng tsa lintho tseo batho ba. Mohlala, cesium e sebelisoa ka lisele tse gonorrheal. The motsoako behang e sebediswa e le sethothetsi lithium. Sodium e le teng ka mabone khase-lero, reactors tsa nyutlelie e le setsidifatsi ka. Mosebetsi ho etsa lipatlisiso e sebediswa rubidium.