X-ray and analysis - ho ithuta sebōpeho sa dintho

X-ray and analysis ke mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa thepa mehaho haha. E thehiloe diffraction tsa X-ray toloki ho khethehileng bonaletsang lattices mahlakore a mararo. Ka ho ithuta le ho sebelisa e tsokoang bolelele e ka bang 1a hore tšoana le boholo ba athomo e. Ke lokela ho bolela hore X-ray and analysis le neutron le elektrone diffraction mekhoa amana le boikemisetso ba sebōpeho sa ntho e.

E thusa ho fuputsa sebopeho athomo, sebaka sehlopha ea sele yuniti, boholo ba eona le sebopeho, hammoho le sehlopha sa kristale setshwani. U sebelisa mokhoa ona ho ithuta lirafshoa tse sa tšoaneng le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa bona, manyolo le inorganic metsoako, liminerale, thepa amorphous, sephalli le likhase. Maemong a mang, e X-ray sebopeho ho hlahloba lihaha-'mele, acid nucleic le lintho tse ling.

and analysis sena se ba thusa ho theha sebopeho athomo ea thepa e bonaletsang e na le sebopeho hantle-hlalosoa le ke ea tlhaho diffraction grating bakeng x-ray. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ho batlisisoa tse ling dintho ray, and analysis hloka kristale, e leng ea bohlokoa empa e thata ho lekana.

The diffraction tsa X-ray a fumana ke Laue, motheong mogopolofela tsa Wolf le ntshetswa pele Bragg. Sebetsa dipaterone, a fumanoang ka karolo e phethoang ke and analysis e filwe ke Debye le Scherrer. Ke lokela ho bolela hore hona joale le X-ray and analysis ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e atileng ka ho fetisisa ho beha sebopeho ya dintho, hobane e bonolo ho etsa le ho ha a hloke ditshenyehelo bohlokoa.

E lumella hore o hlahloba litlelase e fapaneng ya lintho tse, 'me boleng ba boitsebiso boo o ile a fumana e etsang hore kenyelletso ea mekhoa e ncha. Kahoo, pele a qala ho ithuta sebōpeho sa ntho e ha ba sebelisa vectors interatomic mora mekhoa e tobileng ho beha dibopeho bonaletsang li ne li pele. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore lintho tse pele hore li ne li ile ka ithuta ho sebelisa X-ray li ne li sodium le potassium chloride.

Thuto ea tlhaloganya sebaka sebopeho liprotheine o ile a qala ka 30s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng ka United Kingdom. Ya data a fumana ba fuoa hlaha ha baeloji ea limolek'hule, e lumelloa ho hlwaya bohlokoa thepa physico-lik'hemik'hale liprotheine, hammoho le DNA ho bopa ea mohlala pele.

Le 50-ogy ka mafolofolo ba ile ba qala ho ntshetsa pele dithekeniki ya khomphuta ya hao phuthehong ea litaba tseo e se e fumanoa ka X-ray mehaho hlahlojoe.

Ho fihlela joale, ho sebedisa synchrotrons. Ba mehloli monochromatic tsa X-ray li sebelisoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lijo tsa kristale ka. The atlehang ka ho fetisisa le disebediswa tse tsena li sebelisa mokhoa oa ho selotlolo wavelength anomalous qhalakana. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ha ba sebetsa feela ha ho litsi ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa sechaba. Ka dilaboratiriamong sebelisa mokhoa tlase e matla eo sebeletsa feela ho netefatsa maemo a kristale, 'me hape ho fumana and analysis mahoashe ya dintho.