U ka nka ts'ebetso ea DNA joang?

Hangata, liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li etsoa ho tiisa taba ea bo-ntate. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le maemo a mang ao motho a sa khoneng ho a etsa ntle le litlhahlobo tsena. Joang ho fana ka DNA le hore na liteko tsena li hloka eng, a re ke re bue ka sehlooho sena.

Ke maemong afe moo u lokelang ho ba le tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso?

• Ho theha paternity. Ena ke lebaka le tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa la ho fetisa tlhahlobo e theko e boima. Sena hase sa bohlokoa feela ho banna, ba ikemiselitseng ho hōlisa bana ba bang, empa hape le basali ba nang le kamano e haufi le balekane ba fapaneng ka nakoana.
• Maloetse a kotsi. Haeba ho na le mathata a tebileng a bophelo bo botle ka lapeng, batsoali ba nakong e tlang ba batla ho lemosa ngoana oa bona oa maloetse, ho senola palo ea lihloliloeng. Mekhoa ea ho hlahloba DNA e khethoa ke setsebi ka bomong.
• Ho theha setsoalle. Likhutsana li batla ho fumana batsoali ba bona, 'me liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka fana ka lenane la beng ka uena ba lefats'e ka bophara.
• Tlhaloso ea li-ethnos. Ka thuso ea tlhahlobo ea DNA u ka fumana hore na u oa batho ba itseng.
• Takatso ea ho fumana baholo-holo ba tummeng. Mehleng ea rona ho fetohile mokhoa o motle oa ho batla beng ka barui le ba tummeng har'a li-tsars tsa Russia le marena a tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Ho sa tsotellehe boemo leha e le bofe, lebenkele le tsebahala haholo ke Bajuda, Ma Swede, Maaerishe, Majeremane le batho ba seng bakae ke batho ba Seslav.

U ka fana ka DNA joang? Mefuta ea sampuli

Bafuputsi ba bontša hore ho tseba hore na bana ba liphatlalatso tsa bongaka ba hlahlojoa ke DNA, ba hloka masapo, moriri le lipekere tsa ntate le ngoana ea boleloang. Bophelong ba sebele, tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka etsoa mekhatlong ea bongaka le malapeng. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo, mali a tsoang mothapong, semong, masapo, lisele tsa letlalo (burrs) kapa metso ea moriri e loketse. Litsebi tse ling li sebelisa mahlaseli a mesifa, marotholi a meno, li-cigarette butts, gomme, moriri sepeng, lehare, peō le mali liaparo tse liphuputsong tsena.

Mali ho tloha monoana kapa ho tloha monoaneng ho inehela ho se nang letho. Ho bokelloa ha masapo ka har'a tube ea teko ho etsahala pele le ho hloekisa meno. Haeba u batla ho etsa sephiri sa DNA ho motho leha e le ofe, joale nka litekanyetso tse ka holimo litleleng tsa bongaka kapa ka likhaephe tse peli tse hloekileng, pampiri.

Ho tloha ho motho a le mong o hloka lisebelisoa tse 'maloa tse nang le DNA ho fumana sephetho se nepahetseng. U lokela ho li romela enfelopo ea pampiri. Ka kopo hlokomela hore ka foromo ea metsi, marotholi a meno, ho hlafuna meno, mahare le lintho tse ling li ke ke tsa kenngoa ka enfelopo. Emela ho fihlela ba omme.

Pokello ea mashala lapeng. Mechine ea kajeno

Tsela ea ho etsa tlhahlobo ea DNA lapeng joang? Fumana litsi tsa bongaka le ho fana ka litaelo tsa li-tubes tse khethehileng tsa teko. Ebe u bokella lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang likarolong tse fapaneng 'me u li romele ka poso, molaetsa kapa ka ho itšireletsa ho ea tleliniking. Saliva e ka bokelloa ka tsela e latelang:

• Li-gloves tsa bongaka, nka pepa e hloekileng ebe u e pata ka makhetlo a mane;
• Fetisa pampiri mme u nke swab ea k'hothone;
• Senya ka holim'a metsi a marang-rang le marameng;
• E ntan'o e tšela holim'a marang-rang a lakane;
• Beha thupa ka meketeng 'me u pate pampiri;
• Leqepheng, u se ke ua lebala ho ngola lebitso ka holimo.

Ka kopo hlokomela hore matsoho, ntle le li-gloves le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng, u se ke ua nka li-sampuli mme u se ke ua li kenya lipapaketeng tsa polasetiki, feela ka li-tubes tsa tlhahlobo kapa lipilisi tsa pampiri.

Ho fumana hore na ho na le mefuta efe e fapaneng ea tšoaetso ea mafu, ho tšoaetsoa ke mafu le mafu a likokoana-hloko, ho molemo ho sebelisa mochine oa PCR o tla etsa qeto ka potlako le ka nepo.

Ke kopa basali ba bakhachane teko?

U ka fana ka tlhaloso ea DNA ho basali baimana joang? Nakong e fetileng, ba ile ba etsa khefu ea senya e le hore ba fumane lisebelisoa, empa joale ho bonahala eka bophelo ba ngoana bo kotsing. Hona joale tlhaloso ea bo-ntat'a bona e khoneha ho tloha bekeng ea 9 ea bokhachane ntle le kotsi ho bophelo bo botle ba lesea le 'mè. Ts'ebetso ena e bitsoa DNA e sa sebetsanang le tlhahlobo ea DNA bakeng sa bana.

Bakeng sa teko ena, mosali eo le ntate ea tlang ho ba le ntate ba nkiloe mali maling ('mè - 20 ml, e motona - 10 ml). Haeba banna ba 'maloa ba lokela ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa bo-ntat'a bona, mali a barupeluoa bohle a fanoa ka nako e le' ngoe.

Ho thehiloe hore sebōpeho sa placenta se tšoana le DNA ea ngoana. Ka lebaka leo, ha lisele tsa placenta li shoa 'me li kenyelletsa mali a' mè, ka nako eo ho ea ka litsela tse rarahaneng tsa bioinformatic, DNA ea fetal e fanoe 'me kamano ea ntate le eona ea thehoa.

Haeba ho hlokahala hore ho khetholle boteng ba lefu leha e le lefe, joale marotholi a seng makae a mali a tsoang monoaneng a lekane. Tlhahlobo ea DNA e ka lemoha maloetse a tebileng a fetang 25 (lefu la pelo le ho itšireletsa mafung, kankere, botenya, lefu la tsoekere, migraine, joalo-joalo).

Mefuta ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le litšenyehelo tsa tsona

Tlhahlobo ea DNA ke mokhoa o theko e boima haholo. Ha batho ba bangata ba kenella liphatsong tsa lefutso, liteko li tla u lefella haholo. Haeba u batla ho etsa tlhahlobo ntle le batho, u fana ka DNA joang tabeng ee? Fumana litsing tseo ho sa tsotellehe hore na li etsa liphatsa tsa lefutso joang lihloohong (li-comb le moriri, sesepa le li-mucus, li-brush tsa meno, joalo-joalo), hopola hore hase litliniki tsohle tse fanang ka litšebeletso tse ngata.

Ho na le mefuta e latelang ea liteko:

• Ho thehoa ha paternity ho tla reka karolelano ea ruble tse 8-15 tse likete.
• Ho theha kamano pakeng tsa batsoali le bana (bana) ke hoo e ka bang 9-11 li-ruble.
• Tlhahlobo ea DNA ea banab'abo rona e bontša hore ho na le bara le barali babo rōna. Ts'ebetso ena e tla hloka chelete e ka bang 13-24 li-ruble. Haeba ho hlokahala ho tiisa boteng ba kamano pakeng tsa beng ka uena, joale teko e joalo e ka ja li-ruble tse 16-27 tse likete.
• Tlhahlobo ea avankularyn e senola kamano ea bo-malome le bo-rakhali 'me e tla reka ruble 13-17 000.
• Ho thehoa ha setloholo sa bo-nkhono le bo-ntate-moholo ho tla ja li-ruble tse 13-19 tse likete.
• Tlhahlobo ea DNA ea mafahla a ts'oanang le a mabeli a tla ja li-ruble tse 9-18 tse likete.
• Teko ea mitochondrial bakeng sa lesea la motsoali e tla ja li-ruble tse 23-36 tse likete.

Tlhahlobo ea DNA e hokae?

O ka etsa tlhahlobo ho kliniki leha e le efe e sebetsanang le lipatlisiso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Ka kopo hlokomela hore hase diteko tsohle tsa DNA tse etsoang Russia, boholo ba laboratori li sebelisa litšebeletso tsa litleliniki tsa linaheng tse ling. Hobane theko ea bona e ka ba bitsa chelete e ngata, empa e ka tšeptjoa. 'Nete ke hore haeba u laela liteko ho tsoa linaheng tse ling, mangolo a mangata a khutlisetsoa ho mofani oa morao ho amana le leano la poso.

Nako ea ho hlahloba DNA e ka ba matsatsi a 4 ho isa ho a 10. Taelo e potlakileng ke taelo ea boholo bo phahameng. Ha u khetha kantle ho naha, sheba ka hloko, hobane liteko tsa DNA ha li etse feela ke batho, empa hape ke liphoofolo.