Types of litsoantso tse betliloeng. Litsoantso tse betliloeng e le mokhoa oa bonono bonwang

litsoantso tse betliloeng ke eng? Ea mofuta ona e bonono e metle, re sculpting volumetric setšoantšo foromo, ho nka litšoantšo ho sebelisa thepa e itseng (tiileng kapa polasetiki, ho itšetlehile ka morero oa). Ho ka sebelisoa letsopa, patsi, boka ba linotši, lesapo, tšepe. Ho na le mefuta e sa tsoaneng ya tlhaku ea sechaba ea liemahale le teng lirapeng tsa boikhathollo, ka dikwere. Ho na le pōpo ho feta nang le morero ka ho ya ka boleng bonono. Sena musiamo boleng bo tsoileng ke beng haholo tse kang Michelangelo, Raphael le Benvenuto Cellini.

Litsoantso tse betliloeng, mefuta e tsa lona le litšobotsi

Ha e ntse e se etsahala ka bonono leha e le efe, ba bararo-tlhakore litšoantšo bonono ke litšobotsi tsa exclusivity. The litsoantso tse betliloeng ka kopitsoa, empa papali feletseng ha e lokela ho ema ho bakeng sa mathomo. likopi tse hantle lia khoneha ho feela ha ba sebelisa mokhoa betsa, ha motsoako e tšela ka sebopeho tšoanang.

litsoantso tse betliloeng le ntlha moetsi oa litšoantšo ea maikutlo ke eng? Pele ho tsohle, ho ke ke le monyetla oa hore ba itlhalose, ho hlokomela Pono ea bona ea ho ea ka setšoantšo sa setšoantšo. O teng le mefuta e tsa litsoantso tse betliloeng ho dumella ho bonahatsa ka botlalo morero ofe kapa ofe, tsohle itšetlehile ka bokhoni ba moseti ena. Tabeng ena, ke habohlokoa haholo ke khetho e nepahetseng ea lintho tse bonahalang. Hangata e le ka mokhoa oa ho bōpa litšoantšo e ba bonahalang eka kganetsano emoloa pōpo le boleng ba feedstock ena. Clay tšoarang molepo 'mabole kapa sekgoeng, lejoe le thata fana tsela letsopa boima ebe sintering qeta sehlahiswa.

Haholo-holo moseti ka hloko a khetha lintho tse bonahalang e le tlhahisong ea lits'oants'o tse nyane.

David le Galatea

'Me qetellong, seo ke litsoantso tse betliloeng ka kutloisiso ea batho feela ba tloaelehileng ba huleloa ho tsebo le ba labalabela ho tloaela dikahare lona tebileng? Ya e le hantle, ho ke e tsoileng ya bohlokwa lefatše - e 'mabole litsoantso tse betliloeng oa Davida, eo e sculpted Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti, kapa Galatea Pygmalion, rapeloang mesebetsi ea hae. O ile oa oa ka lerato le seemahale se setle joalokaha motho a ka rata mosali. Na ena hase tsebo ea 'nete ke mang?

Ka 'nete ea hore potso ea le litsoantso tse betliloeng, ho na le likarabo tse ngata, empa ba bangata ba bona le letona holim'a metsi - setšoantšo sculptural li lokela ho bontša 'nete. Surrealism e boetse ke tseba hore na ho mofuta ona oa bonono, empa khethehileng lona ha a lumelle botlalo kenya maikutlo a, nahana a li shebang oela.

Seemahale sa Nefertiti

Litsoantso tse betliloeng e le mokhoa oa bonono bonwang na metso ea boholo-holo. Ka nako eo litšoantšo li ile tsa fumanoa Moegepeta mofumahali Nefertiti, ratana khutlela ho la bo14 la lilemo BC. melemo ea bonono ea seemahale sa hase kamehla ho tsela e lumellanang le canons classic, empa ha e le hantle hore mehleng ea boholo-holo e ne e le mesebetsi ea matsoho ba sculpted litšoantšo tse tharo-tlhakore, o re e ngata.

Mefuta le mefutakwalo la litsoantso tse betliloeng se e ka ba tse sa tšoaneng ka ho feletseng. Fumaneha thepa ea mehleng ea khale - letsopa, 'mabole le sandstone. Le mefuta e fapaneng ya thepa fumaneha litsoantso tse betliloeng ka mokhoa oa bonono bonwang e bile ho pota ka lilemo tse makholo ho feta leshome le metso e mehlano. 'Maloa meloko ea baetsi ba litšoantšo,' me kajeno liemahale bonono re hopotsa lintho tse fetileng.

mefuta setšoantšo

Nahana ka mefuta e ka sehloohong ea litsoantso tse betliloeng. Lethathamong le ka akarelletsa ho mefuta e latelang:

- Round, kapa bophahamo ba modumo, - ya mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo. Ba ne ba nka ho tswa ho mahlakoreng 'ohle, e le ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tse chitja ho fihlella. Background, offline sefofane. Ka dihlopha tsa litsoantso tse betliloeng ho potoloha ho kenyeletsa liemahale, statuettes le busts. A maemo a ka thoko ke litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa lehong, tseo hangata e leng 'nete le mosebetsi oa bonono. Mehlala ke Permian bonono litsoantso tse betliloeng entsoe ka lehong.

- moholohali litsoantso tse betliloeng. Ho e fapaneng, pele ea boholo bo bohle. Ho ka fihla tse mashome e 'maloa ea limithara tse bophahamo. Ka mohlala, US Statue tsa Liberty, beha ka Hudson Strait (bophahamo ba --mashome a mane tse tsheletseng limithara tse), e Argentina seemahale sa Kreste Rio De Janeiro (limithara tse 38), "The Motherland" ka Volgograd (85 limithara tse), e sefika "The Motherland" Kiev (limithara tse mashome a tšeletseng e 'meli). Maemong a mangata, litšoantšo tsena ke botho ba bahale. liemahale tse nyenyane tse nang le morero oa e mong, eo hangata e le khabisitsoeng le.

Liemahale ka li hlokomela e - ke liemahale tse nehetsoeng ho banna ba moholo kapa liketsahalo.

- Tondo - ho potoloha litsoantso tse betliloeng ka mokgwa wa lejoeng. Ka mokhoa ona etsa Michelangelo Buonarroti. Tse peli tsa mesebetsi ea hae e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa - "Doni Tondo" le "Tondo Tadei". Sebelisoa mokhoa ona le Rafael - o ile a bōpa "The Alba madonna madonna self" le "madonna madonna self ka setulo sa."

- Effigiya - sculptural lebitla la. E ne e sebelisetsoa ho tshwara lepato tsa bahlomphehi. Hangata ka ho fetisisa setšoantšo pheta taba ka ho litšoantšo tsa mofu. Effigiya le boetse le sebelisoa bakeng sa tšoantšetso phetha mofosi fumanoa a le molato, ha e le hore o ile a khona ho baleha. Tabeng ena, a bolaoa setšoantšo sa hae sculptural.

mefuta Popular

- liemahale tsa lehloa. The atileng ka ho fetisisa ke Snowman kapa lehloa mosali. Ho na le mehlala ea snowmen kaho seqhenqha. Ho joalo, ka 1992 ho US e ne sleplena mosali ka limithara tse 37 se phahameng, e neng e akarelletsa Guinness Book of Records. Selemo le selemo likarolong tse fapaneng tsa lefatše ba hlophisitsoe hore dikgaisano tsa Snowman molemo ka ho fetisisa 'me lihlopha sculptural tsa lehloa le leqhoa.

- Small polasetiki - sculptural setšoantšo bolelele ba e seng ho feta 15 di emetse disentimitara. E akarelletsa a 'maloa a libakeng tse thematic: Inuit Art, Bogorodskaya khoele, thini nyenyane, Glyptics (Lejoe betla), litšoantšo ponahalo e nyane ea liphoofolo. Ka ho fetisisa nako timetsang mokhoa - tšobotsi e sehlooho se reng ka mokhoa glyptic. Hape, lesapo betla ananeloa. The boitsebiso bakeng sa ea ho tsoasa litlhapi ena ke walrus tusk - feela polasetiki, lends ka boeona e ka ba hantle hore bentsa. liemahale ha e le hantle tse nyenyane ne a rerile hore interiors ae kgabisa le emele bonono le Crafts.

mefuta e sa tloaelehang

- Netsuke - nyenyane liemahale, haholo bonono tsebo ea ho lesapo betla, setso Crafts Japanese. Liphoofolong kapa meno manaka a tlou metsing li sebelisoa e le lintho tse bonahalang tse (i.e., tloaelehileng tsa lefatše manaka a litlou). Plots lits'oants'o tse nyane ka netsuke setaele e ka ba tse fapa-fapaneng haholo. Ho batho ba mefuta eohle litšoantšo ka lihlooho tsa Bibele, statuettes tsa melimo, liphoofolo le tlhapi. Japanese tsebo ea ho lesapo betla e tummeng lefatšeng lohle. Haholo bohlokoa Antique netsuke, tseo tse fetang tse makholo a lilemo. lihlahisoa tse joalo li nkoa rarities le tse theko e phahameng haholo. Master carvers khale sekolo ea lefatše e 'ngoe,' me tsebo ea ho netsuke butle-butle degenerates. Likolo tse rutang ho betla dithekeniki ka lesapo le a sa khone ho fana ka moloko o mocha oa ho subtleties kaofela sekepe sa.

- khau bonono - liemahale ka sefofane, e leng a entsoe ka lebaka la ho se betliloeng. Maemong a mang moo setšoantšo e na le ho ba ho feta khonvekse ka Production ya ditaelo, thepa imolohile phahameng e sebelisoa.

- Mascaron - dibaga litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa hlooho ea phoofolo kapa le sefahleho batho. E atisa ho sebediswa ho tšoantšetsa lipale tsa tšōmong, mothofatsa bobe le kotsing. Tse ngata tsa liemahale entsoe Mascaron setaele sebediswa ho khabisa litempele, mehaho e halalelang kapa kgolo kholo hakaalo dibopeho meralo.

, 屋内 litsoantso tse betliloeng

Temoho e akarelletsa ho e khutšoanyane hole. A lebisa tlhokomelo e tlas'a maemo a kamano le lefatšeng le ka hare la motho, le bonahalang tlaleho pale, 'me lebaka la ho hloka ka ho feletseng ho ba le kamano le tikoloho sepheo,' me haholo-holo le e hahiloeng ka konkreite ka hare.

Ho tse thathamisitsoeng, ha mefuta eohle ea litsoantso tse betliloeng, empa re leka ho fana ka mali le litaelo tsa motheo tsa boiqapelo ena e le kannete hlollang.

Botšepehi ba pōpo

Expressiveness litsoantso tse betliloeng itšetlehile ka hore na lera merero e khōlō, meqolo, sefofane leseli 'me morethetho karo-karolelano. Mekgwatiriso bakeng sa ho haha e le ngata, 'me e le ka lebaka qetellong e fihlellwa ka a bale litsenyehelo ea ho latelwa. Sculptural bonono - ke ea saense le tsebeng tse ngata, empa boemo ka sehloohong bakeng sa katleho ke botšepehi ba silhouette le kemiso e hlakileng ea setšoantšo. Tabeng ena, mong'a lokela ho sebetsa ya bokgabane bona ho tlisa ho feta le ho feta likarolo tse ncha tsa bonono. Tsela feela ea ho finyella ka lebaka hantle.

Technology liemahale akarelletsa e khōlō tsa mosebetsi o boima ba 'mele, ba ne ba boetse ba amana le mefuta e fapaneng ya dithulaganyo botekgeniki: tapa, betloa ha, ho lahla, tjheseletsa, ho betla, mefuta eohle ea embossments. moseti motho a ke ke khona ho hlahisa sehlahisoa ho tloha qalong ho isa qetellong, kahoo mosebetsi amehang mong'a-bathusi ba khaola Lejoe bōptjoa castings le koena kgatong setšoantšo.

linako tse mabapi robust

Ho na le e 'nile ea le tsebo baetsi ba litšoantšo. Ba bang ba moseti sculpted tloha eteni le 'ngoe ea' mabole, ba bang ba rata lintho tse bonahalang ho feta yieldable, empa ha e le hantle, 'me ha ba bang ho tswa ho mochine o sehang tsoa tsoileng matsoho e ikhethang.

Histori le ea kajeno litsoantso tse betliloeng ho lekaneng tšoanang, ba ile ba arolelana sehlooho se ho tloaelehile hore batho - takatso ea benghali ba ho hlalosa 'nete e libakeng tseo ba phelang le ho bopa. Thepa sebelisoa bakeng sa sena e ka ba hape le seabo ho nako convergence.

History le mefuta e mengata ea litsoantso tse betliloeng tse haufi-ufi lohellana. Ka mohlala, ka makhetlo a boholo-holo ho ne ho libakeng tse potolohileng litsoantso tse betliloeng tse etsahalang kajeno. Kahoo, tsebo ea ho lilemo tse makholo tse fetileng ba organically amahanngoa le melemo setso tsa bokoli. Hoo e ka bang mefuta eohle ea litsoantso tse betliloeng European busitse ho leboha thuto setso ho beng ka ea neng a lula le metso e mehlano e - le makholo a lilemo ea leshome le metso e robong, har'a bona Ogyust Roden, Giovanni Bernini, Betto Bardi Donatello, Jean-Antuan Gudon, Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti, Fedot Shubin. Keng ea lekanngoa talenta ea baetsi ba litšoantšo tsena lumelloa ho bokella ka dimusiamo lefatšeng lohle palo e khōlō ea e tsoileng tsa bonono sculptural.

bokoli

Lilemong tsa bo-mashome a mabeli a boela a fa moloko oa batho o sa galaxy eohle ea benghali ba le tsebo ea ho ba le tsebo ea litsoantso tse betliloeng, tse kang Vera Mukhina, Sergei Konenkov, Aristid Mayol, Genri Mur, Emile Antuan Burdel. Ka lebaka la ho geniuses tsena tsa khoebo le - e ngata ensembles khopotso, sehlopha le liemahale motho, phakeng mehahong ka ntle. Mefuta eohle ea litsoantso tse betliloeng, sekametseng ho instola tse libakeng tsa sechaba e lokela ho lula a ka itseng setaele likhopolo, le bangodi etsa mosebetsi o babatsehang ka mosebetsi ona.

Tsela ea ho nahana ka mofuta oa litsoantso tse betliloeng

Le ka ho qetellong ea sehlooho sena re rata ho abelana bang hlokometse'ng. Ka crosswords tse ngata, kapa chaynvordah skanvordov memeloa ho bolela lentsoe latelang: ". Mofuta oa litsoantso tse betliloeng, 8 mangolo" Sena se bontša ho ata ha bonono sculptural. Ka karabo ea potso, e le hore ba mangolo robeli ka fumanoa sete ya mantswe e amanang le sehlooho ka boletseng. Sena "ka bas" le "se phahameng seo sa liphallelo" le "sefika".