The thepa ya aluminium - boitsebiso ka linako tsohle

Hangata lebitso la pele ntho e 'ngoe - the sesebediswa, lintho tse bonahalang kapa sehlahisoa - e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa le e utloisisehang bontša hantle bona. 'Me joale ho na le nako ea ponahatso le tluoa tabeng ea lebitso le lecha, saense, eo ho eona ho hlakile "lefatše" ka kutloisiso e pharalletseng tsoela ka lebaloa. Hang aluminium ho ne lebitso ea alumina, ke hore,, "The letsopa ea lefatše" le letsopa, ha re ntse re tseba, ke naha e ka sehloohong. Hona joale e le bitsoa ea alumina. Le nkeloa sebaka bile teng pele lebitso "ea alumina" e tla ba le lebitso le lecha - "Aluminium" - e ntle, ea mohlolo le tsa saense. Legend tsa qaleha ea pele ea aluminium, o na e qetellang ka hloname: mong'a lona, e ne e hlahisoa ho Moemphera Tiberiuse hlollang kopi ea tšepe hitherto sa tsejoeng ho boloka mpho ka kopi e le 'ngoe, feela tabeng, khaola hlooho ea hae - fumana motho e mong a fanang ka eona. Matsatsing ao, qalong ea mehla ea rōna, lipotso tsa ho ba boinotšing rarolloa feletseng, le teboho bakeng sa tsebo e ne e le hape ikhethang. Eng kapa eng eo e ne e, empa Paracelsus thehilweng le makholo a lilemo lesometlhano hore ea alumina (alum) sebelisoa ho lokisa lidae ka masela 'me leathers, e na le oxide e sa tšepe e sa tsejoeng.

E hloekileng tšepe e ne e khona ho fumana feela ka 1825. Sedanishe rasaense Oersted ka lehlakoreng le phello e ba ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa bona e ile "sengoathoana sa tšepe tšoanang le thini ', empa ba tsoela pele ho mosebetsi ka etsa joalo. Leha ho le joalo, ke bohareng ba aluminium XIX lekholong la lilemo la - silevera, leseli, bonolo ho sebetsa tšepe - bohlokoa ho feta khauta. The thepa ya aluminium haholo-holo ba ananela boramabenyane. E ne e le feshene, 'me ka pontšo ea Paris ka 1855, lihlahisoa aluminium bontšitse haufi le moqhaka French le litaemane. E le o tsejoa, tlhokeho lehlanya e fana ka, kahoo thekenoloji a matlafatsoa ka ho tsoelo-pele. 'Me ka bohareng ba lekholo la mashome a mabeli ho ile ha e aluminium ba tloaelehileng ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka boenjiniere le lintho tse bonahalang,' me thepa ea meleng aluminium di hantle ithutileng tsona.

Industrial tlhahiso ea aluminium Technology

Motheo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea aluminium ke electrolysis le lintho tse bonahalang e tala e qhalwa ho ya ka entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa cryolite-ea alumina Al2O3. Bakeng sa electrolysis hlapa e sebediswa, mocheso ho sebelisa mehaho e ea ka tlaasana ho 1000 ° C. Entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa aluminium e bokella ka tlase ea hlapa - sena tlhomamiso cathode. A tšela hore e be sebopeho le fumana bullion kapa likotoana - boitsebiso e tala bakeng sa sebetsa ka ho eketsehileng.

thepa aluminium fetola ka mokhoa lakatsa ka dopants. Ka tsela eo ho fihlela keketseho e matla, thatafala, mocheso ho hanyetsa, joalo-joalo le li bua haholo ka kopo e itseng. Alloying thepa lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tse fapa-fapaneng -. Koporo, a mankanese a, zinki magnesium, hammoho le (tse nyenyane), ka silicon, tšepe, nikele, joalo-joalo e phaella ka ho re ho qhibiliha nakong ea proizvodnje e qetellang ea qeta sehlahiswa batlang.

Basic 'meleng voystva le aluminium

lintho tse bonahalang efe kapa efe tšoauoa ka sete ya thepa physico-lik'hemik'hale, eo rerang ho e sebelisa latelang. thepa Aluminium - fetoha le maemo, boima ba 'mele tlaase itseng, ntle mogote le motlakase conductivity - tsebahalang ho bohle.

• Aluminium kitlano - 2,710 lik'hilograma / m3
• Qhibiliha ntlha - ba 660 ° C
• A phehile ntlha - 2519 ° C
• The motlakase resistivity - 2,7 * 10-8 limithara ohms / sq limilimithara.

Ponong ea dikopo motlakase thahasellong ea khetheng ke matla a khoheli thepa ya aluminium, eo e bua ka sehlopha sa length of paramagnetic dintho. sehlopha sena sa thepa e tšoauoa ka hore khoheli tlas'a ketso ea tšimo Link ketekeloang hong le tataiso ea, 'me, le hoja hanyenyane haholo, empa eketseha.

Tshebediso ya aluminium

Boleng ba lintho tse bonahalang tse rerang lihloohong tse kamano ya yona. tlhokeho aluminium le sebaka sa pele ka lintho tse bonahalang ho haha. kokobetsa ba sebetsa le lumella tšebeliso ea ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho ea lihlahisoa aluminium ka kaho, le boenjiniere, bakeng sa ho hlahisa mocheso, lijo le mefuta e meng ea thepa. Aluminium - e ka sehloohong mehaho tse bonahalang tsa lifofane. Ka ho eketsehileng ke ho pharaletseng sebediswa aluminium lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa shipbuilding - hulls, puisano, superstructure, tse fapa-fapaneng thepa metsing. E ho pharaletseng sebediswa ho indasteri le bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi silumin le duralumin - senyang lits'epe tse kopantsoeng aluminium ka koporo - ho fihlela ho 7% kapa silicon e - ho fihlela ho 14%.

aluminium Conductivity hanyenyane tlaasana ho koporo, empa aluminium ke bonolo haholo le theko e tlaase ho feta 'me ka lebaka la ho sebelisa ka bophara ka boenjiniere le motlakase. Kahoo thepa tsa motheo tsa aluminium bakeng sa ho sebelisoa joalo - e nyenyane ho hanyetsa motlakase, boima ba 'mele,' me theko e tlase. Ka ho eketsehileng ka thepa ea motlakase, e leng se sa tsoa ka ho feletseng busitse feela conductors koporo, o ile a sebelisa aluminium windings ea baru, inductors, reactors, "konokono" lik'hebole le ba bang. Kutu matla mola e boetse ke haholo-holo kolota aluminium.

Ho na le ha ho pelaelo hore hore tšepe ena e babatsehang e-s'o ile a senola menyetla eohle ea eona - e tla etsoa nakong e tlang.