The Red Book ea sebaka se Tyumen: limela, liphoofolo, linonyana

Tyumen sebakeng ke karolo ea Bophirimela Siberia. maemo a ba bona ba tlhaho ba ho feteletseng haholo, empa limela le liphoofolo e ruile haholo. A monehelo mohlomong ho paballo e etsa hore Red Book ea sebaka se Tyumen.

Nakoana ka sebaka seo

Tyumen Region ke karolo ea Urals Federal Setereke le ke ea sebakeng sa Bophirimela Siberia. Hammoho le libakeng tse ikemetseng ho otlolla tloha meeli e ka boroa ea naha ho ea mabōpong a Leoatle la Arctic. Sehelane moeli le Arkhangelsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Sverdlovsk District, Komi, Krasnoyarsk sebakeng le Kazakhstan.

Sebakeng ke boraro kholo ka ho fetisisa sebakeng seo (1.4 sq. M. Km). baahi ba eona ke batho ba limilione tse 3,6. Tsamaiso ea sebakeng Tyumen e leng motseng ka sehloohong - Tyumen, e ile ea e-Russia motse oa pele Siberia ka 1586.

Pele ho eo, sebaka se ile leo ho ahiloeng ho ke Mansi, Khanty, Selkup, Nenets kapa Samoyeds, le melokong Turkic nka sebopeho ka mor'a nako ka morabe oa Siberia Tatars. Ho tloha lekholong la XIV, tšimo e ne e le karolo ea Region Tyumen, 'me joale ho ea Siberia Khanate. Ka 1582 barekisi Ural ke Cossacks hiriloeng hapa linaha tsena, smashing le Khanate. Hona joale e akaretsang baahi - Serussia.

Hona joale tšimong ea ho tšoaroa ke indasteri ea motlakase matla, indasteri ea mafura, meqolo ea eona palo pele Russia. Khanna meru, lifate setokong e fetang limilione tse sekete limithara tse dikhubu. Ka temo, sebetswa 3 feela% naha.

Nature le Geography

Ka boholo ba eona ka sebaka ke ea bobeli feela a ea sebakeng se Krasnoyarsk le Yakutia. Sebakeng e teng ka hare ho tundra e, arctic lehoatata, tundra moru, taiga, moru le meru e tsoakiloeng. Ho feta 90% ea tšimo e nkoa e le bo Hōle North.

maemo a tlhaho le a klimate a thata a mona. serame nako ka lintlha tse sa tšoaneng tsa sebakeng sa ranges ho tloha matsatsi a 140 ho tse 200. Ka karolelano January mocheso ranges ho tloha - 16 ho - 26 ^C. Ha lehlabula, mocheso karolelano a 'na a ka ho pota ka bang 19 likhato.

The sebaka ke lithoteng hangata bataletse. Taiga meru koahela karolo e khōlō ea sebaka seo. Likarolong tse ka boroa tsa sebakeng seo tsa moorland limela le moru-steppe. Mofuta wa sebaka Tyumen ke ba ruileng le ba tse fapa-fapaneng, ho sa tsotellehe maemo a feteletseng.

Sebakeng se nang le tse fetang 70 tse sekete linōka le melapo, ka matša tšoanang. Bolelele kakaretso ea watercourses - ka 10 km. The linoka kholo ka ho fetisisa ke Irtysh, Tobol, Ishish. Ba teng matamo le dimela fehlang motlakase ka matla. Karolong e ka boroa e akaretsang letsoai ka hare ho naha le matša karolong e bohareng le e ka leboea - Marsh le thermokarst.

The Red Book ea sebaka se Tyumen

Tletseng lethathamo la liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho timela, le kotsing 'me a fumanoa seoelo, dimela le li-fungus tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book ea sebakeng seo. Tyumen Region Administration ne a laetse pōpo ea lona morao ka 1999. Tlhabololwa ga le lokolla reissues libuka, ba boholong sebakeng seo ba hlokahalang hoo e ka bang mong le e mong lilemo tse leshome le metso e mehlano.

The Red Book ea sebaka se Tyumen akarelletsa ho 711 mefuta e, mefuta e fetang 250 ea limela le li-fungus le boriba. Ho na le tse tšeletseng tse (ho akarelletsa le lefela) tsa dihlopha tsa sehlooho, ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba lintho tse phelang. Kahoo, sehlopha bohlano (V) e bolela mefuta ea bao palo e fokotsehile 'me ha a hloka bohato eketsehileng ka motho eo.

Ke Category IV ba mefuta ya tlhahisoleseding ho akarelletsa baahi ba na kapa bo bonyenyane haholo. Dihlopha boraro se akarelletsa mefuta e sa tloaelehang le localized kapa tloaelehile haholo, bobeli - ho fokotsa, ho ea pele - kotsing ea ho fela. Lefela na le boitsebiso bo mabapi le mefuta e ka etsahala hore ebe foqohe ea limela le liphoofolo, 'me tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le bona ha se ho feta halofo ea lekholong la lilemo la ka.

liphoofolo tse anyesang

Liphoofolo tsa Red Book ea sebaka se Tyumen ha fanoa ka lethathamo le mong, 'me li arotsoe ka-dihlopha potlana, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa eona, sehlopha sa, kapa sehlopha. tse thathamisitsoeng leoatle mutla (III sehlopha) har'a liphoofolo tse anyesang - litiiso moemeli. Ntlha e fokotsa ha li hasa molaetsa oa eona, hammoho le bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ling, ke tšilafalo, bosholu ba.

Rare mefuta: European mutla, jerboa moholo, Korsak, Polar bere, likhama. palo ea Jungar mmutlanyana le e ka leboea pikas fapana haholo le itšetlehile ka maemo a boemo ba leholimo - nako ea komello, pula, serame.

Bosholu ba le ho se mehlodi ya dijo, fokotsa palo ea walruses, narwhals leboea hore e matleng a hae ho II sehlopha. Ka mabaka a tšoanang, le bowhead leruarua, ho phela ka Leoatleng le Kara, ke mefuta e kotsing ea ho timela. Nyamele tsa sefahleho le ho mink European, eo ka mafolofolo displaces American mink.

Fish, sehahabi, arthropods

Red Book e re e Tyumen sebakeng mefuta 10 tsa tlhapi le cyclostomes, 7 le sehahabi le sehahabi, tse fetang 100 arthropods. bakang likoluoa tsa tlhaho li ameha feela ka palo ea bullhead, tlhapi le ba bang cyclostomes (trout, tšoeu litlhapi tsa salmon, tsa Siberia Sturgeon joalo joalo. D.) Na shoa ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea batho.

Har'a lihahabi le sehahabi li nkoa ka seoelo legless mokholutsoane Anguis fragilis, haholo, hammoho le ho Frog tloaelehileng. Ea bobeli e tsebahalang hore e na le monko o bohale oa tsa konofolo. Siberia salamander le Newt ba kotsing, ba hloka mefuta e hlokomela, linoha le boreleli le joang Frog potlako fokotseha ka bongata.

List of arthropods ea Red Book e khōlō. Rare mefuta tse karolong e ka boroa ea Russia tarantulas - the likho kholo ka ho fetisisa tikolohong eo. Hape le ka sehlopha sena hlaha bang dragonflies, cicadas lithaba, maleshoane, nako e telele-linaka maleshoane, weevils, mofuta oa bo-maleshoane, e leng ke matheba leshome le metso. Grassy potoloha barbel ho nkoa le kotsing.

linonyana

Linonyana tsa sebaka Tyumen, ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka kotsing ea ho fela, baloang 117 mefuta e. Ho bana, 74 mefuta e hlokang go baya leitlho ea kamehla ka lehlakoreng la motho eo, hobane ba sa tloaelehang le ba hlaselehang habonolo. Har'a mofuta tsena tsa petrel bitsoa leoatla, letata shelduck, Siberia le tloaelehileng le sebelisoang malapeng eider, griffon lenong, krechanka, moorhen. linonyana tsena li thathamisitsoe ka sehlomathiso sa buka eo.

Leqephe la ka sehloohong fana boitsebiso bo eketsehileng ka e mong le e, eo ho na le 43. The kotsing ea ho fela Savka, noha ntsu, cranes, Siberia Cranes. Har'a sa tloaelehang le ho fokolloa ka palo ea mefuta e hlaha sephooko Dalmatian letata le jang litlhapi, Flamingo, ba boholoanyane matheba ntsu, khantsi Bewick e, phakoe e jang litlhapi.

Mokhoa ona ka nģ'a hlaphoheloa baahi o ile a re ka khantsi limumu le Cormorant. mefuta e foqohe li nkoa bustard, monyenyane kestrel, lejoe curlew le bustard hanyane.

dimela

mefuta e fetang makholo a mabeli tsa limela litharollo tsa Red Book ea sebaka se Tyumen. Dimela ba arotsoe ka angiosperms, ferns, bryophytes le plaunoobraznye. Har'a angiosperms sa tloaelehang le ho fokolloa ka bongata ke mefuta e meng ea eiee (drooping, o motle meshed), sedges (hlephileng, se lithaba, e lebōpong la leoatle), Rhynchospora biloba. Russia disappears iris e, Marsh calamus.

Har'a ferns ho nyamela le lerumo e bōpehileng joaloka lanceolate moonwort mnogoryadnik. The mefuta e setseng ke a fumanoa seoelo kapa fokotswa ka mafolofolo ka palo. Mohlala, Alpine Woods, 'me ba bang ba colutea Dryopteris. Har'a boriba le boriba, hlokang hore re lebise tlhokomelo ke Baranez, likopodiella, enkalipta, Meese.

Ntlha fokotsa limela tse ngata ke meepo. Ho qhomisa e tshebetso merafong lebisa ho timetsoa ha tikoloho bona ea tlhaho. Se utloa bohloko, ho etsa mohlala, Curly skrytokuchnitsa, Kosten tala, teng ka matsoapo a lejoe la mokoetla.

Li-fungus le boriba

Palo yohle ya li-fungus le boriba ka buka ea - ka mashome a mararo. From li-fungus tse jeoang ka bitsoa tšoeu bolete bophara ka linako tse ling fihla cap, lona 25 di emetse disentimitara. E e ntse e hōla libakeng tse moriti oa phaene le Aspen meru. Makatsa-sheba mutinus caninus e jeoang feela ha e khetla lehe.

Nkoa e sa tloaelehang lacquered le bohlooho-bosehla Polypore, o ile a ikutloa onniya, datroniya, abortipus Biennial, hericium coralloides. A ka seoelo pherese cortinarius hape nkoa jeoang. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho ea sebakeng se Tyumen, e fumanoa ka Primorsky le Krasnoyarsk libakeng.

Har'a boriba le ka seoelo ke asahineya Scholander, omfalina Hudson, ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book ea Russia. Sesosa sa ho fela bona e e-ba le a moruo le bahahlauli mosebetsi oa motho eo. Bakeng sa vanishing matšoafo Lobar fokotsa Ntho e ke tšilafalo moea.

libaka tšireletso ea

Mehloli le mehloli ea sebaka se Tyumen thehilwe bakeng sa ho sireletsa limela le liphoofolo mefuta, le ho boloka ea bohlokoa naha ea tlhaho. Kholo ka ho fetisisa papali ea mehloli tikolohong eo ke Kunyaksky, Vikulov le Tyumen.

Kakaretso ea pokello ka tse peli 'muso le 95 bohlokoa lebatowa. Ka Ugra le Yamal sebakeng na a mane libakeng tse sireletswa - ka Holimo Taz, Yugansky, "Malaya Sosva" Nature Reserve le Gyda.

Upper Taz Reserve e teng ka matsoapo a maralla ho fihlela ho limithara tse 50 le bophahamo. Sebakeng tse ngata liphula lona noka le likhohlo e ileng ea fetoha sebaka se loketseng bakeng sa ho bophelo ba liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang le limela. Ke lehae la ho sa tloaelehang Siberia salamander, mokholutsoane, marabe, girl manga, likhama, hola likedare, phaene, larch.