Limela tsa tundra le moru tundra

Limela tsa tundra le moru tundra, mofuta oa eona, mekgwa ya ho ikatisa dimela, tlwaetsa ho pholoha haholo itšetlehile ka likarolo tse khethollang ka libaka tsena.

boemo ba libaka

Location tundra oela libaka subarctic ea Lefatše. Ka naha Eurasia ho otlolla hammoho le lebōpo la Leoatle la Arctic ka ba likete tse mashome km. Lebōpong le ka leboea ea k'honthinente ea Amerika Leboea le boetse le lula tundra. Bolelele ba libaka ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa e ka karolelano ka 500 km. Ho phaella moo, Tundra ae phethang bang lihlekehlekeng tse ling haufi le Antarctica. Lithabeng, moo a bolela hore ho etela libaka tse phahameng-bophahamong, Alpine tundra ba thehoa. Fanoeng tsohle tsa tšimo eo, moo ho nang le libaka, e balwa ka sebakeng kakaretso ea lefatšeng. Ho ka bang limilione tse 3 km2.

Tundra - le libaka tseo e teng ka le likoatipa nyenyane ea tundra limela 'me limela tsa taiga ena. Tundra otlolla ho tloha bophirimela ho ka bochabela ka boroa ea tundra ea Eurasia le Amerika Leboea. Bolelele ba hlobolisa ho tloha leboea ho ea boroa fapana ka mefuta e fapaneng ho tloha km 30 ho 400. Ka meeli e ka boroa ea tundra bona bo fellang kateng ho libaka morung.

maemo a klimate a amang kgolo ya dimela

Boemo ba leholimo ba sebakeng tundra le moru tundra e matla haholo. Mariha nka ho tloha likhoeli tse 6 ho ea ho 8 ea selemo. Nakong ena e tšoaroa kamehla lehloa sekoahelo, mocheso moea ka linako tse ling marotholi ho likhato 50 tlase lefela. The bosiu Polar nka hoo e ka bang likhoeli tse peli. Hoo e ka bang mohla kokobela meea e matla serame, lehloa lifefo.

Summer ka tundra ba khutšoanyane 'me pholile. Frosts lia khoneha le pula ka sebōpeho sa lehloa. Ho sa tsotellehe letsatsi Polar, holim'a lefatše ha e fumana e khōlō palo ya mocheso ha letsatsi le e tlaase ka fellang teng, 'me o romela khutlela mahlaseli Earth phasalla. Ho pholoha ka maemo a joalo, tundra limela lokela ho tenyetseha.

E le hantle permafrost mefuta sebopeho Limela

Ka likhoeli tse futhumetseng ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa tundra mobu thaws feela ka botebo ba seng ho feta 50 di emetse disentimitara. Hlahlamang ke permafrost lera. Ntho e 'Sena ke e mong oa ea makhaola-khang ho fetisisa ka phalliso ea limela ka libaka tundra. Ntho e 'ena e ama mefuta-futa e bona.

Permafrost na le tšusumetso e bohlokoa ka sebaka sa. Freezing le thawing mefuta isang deformation bona. Ka lebaka la tsamaiso e ruruha hlaha joalo holim'a sebopeho ka hillocks. bophahamo ba bona ha se limithara tse fetang tse peli ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, empa ho hlaha ha mefuta ena hape ama tundra limela, ho fedisa ea eona tšimong ea itseng.

Tšusumetso ea mobu ka mefuta-futa e mefuta ea limela

Ka tundra le moru ho na le ke e phahameng metsi-monametsi j mobu. Ke haholo-holo a sa bonahaleng nakong snowmelt ba. Metsi ke ke phunyeletse tebileng ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha permafrost. mouoane lona boetse o na le matla a maholo haholo ka lebaka la ho e tlase ntle ho mocheso. Ka mabaka ana, qhibiliha metsi le pula ipokellela holim'a metsi, eaba ba etsa mokhoabo oo e kholo le tse nyenyane.

Phahameng waterlogging, ho ba teng ha permafrost, ho ata tsa batang sitisa ho phalla ea dithulaganyo lik'hemik'hale le tsa likokoana-hloko ka mobu. E na le humus nyenyane, bakoang ke oxide e tšepe. Tundra-gley mobu ke a loketse bakeng sa ho hōla mefuta e itseng ea limela feela. Empa tundra limela ikamahanya le maemo a joalo bophelong. Motho ea ileng a etela likarolo tsena ka nako ya lipalesa, lula e le sa lebaleheng lilemong tse tlang - ntle haholo le tse bohehang lipalesa tundra!

Morung tsa tlhaho lera nonneng naha hape malomoschen. mobu o futsanehileng limatlafatsi tse ngata, e tšoauoa ka acidity phahameng. Ha ho lema naha mobung etsa e khōlō palo ya diminerale le manyolo manyolo. The libakeng tšoaroa tsa moru-tundra ho na le mefuta e fapaneng e khōloanyane ea mefuta ea joang, lifate le lihlahla.

mefuta

Limela tsa tundra le tundra moru haholo itšetlehile ka mofuta oa libakeng tsa tlhaho. naha ea tsona e feela ka habanya taba bonahala e monotonous.

Tussock le matsutla-tsutla tundra lula tšimong kholo ka ho fetisisa. The mokhoabo oo dimela reisisi bopa hillocks le hummocks, eo nka motso le mefuta e mengata ea limela. A mofuta o khethehileng oa tundra - polygonal. Mona o ka shebella liforomo oa liphallelo ka mokgwa wa dikhutlontsi kholo, tse arotswe depressions le serame mapetsong.

Ho na le boetse ho na le mekhoa e meng ho e tlhophiso ea libakeng tse joalo tsa tlhaho e le tundra. Seo limela predominates sebakeng se itseng, ka tsela ena, 'me ke mofuta oa tundra. Mohlala, boriba-boriba tundra fihlela libakeng tse koahetsoeng ka mefuta e fapaneng ya mosses le boriba. Ho boetse ho na shrubby tundra, moo moferong moluoane Polar, dwarf phaene, alder bushy.

dimela

Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, limela tsa tundra le moru tundra ne ho tloaela a thata maemo a klimate a libaka subarctic ea Lefatše. Ho seng joalo bophelo ba hae le ntshetsopele ne e tla ba ke ke ha khoneha mona.

Ho ikamahanya le maemo ya dimela tundra le moru tundra e bontša ka tsela e latelang. Boholo ba liphoofolo ba tse perennials. Annuals ka e khutšoanyane nako ya lehlabula ne e ke ke khona ho qeta lona potoloho bophelo. Karolo e nyenyane feela ea dimela e sa jala ke dipeo. Tsela mantlha ho lelefatsa bophelo - vegetative.

Tundra dimela Stunting lumella hore ba ho tšoara nakong meea e matla. Ena e boetse e thusa hahabang letlobo tlhaku le bokhoni ba bona ba ho intertwine le mong ho e mong, eaba ba etsa e mosa ea cushions bonolo. Ka mariha, e likarolong tsohle tsa dimela ba koahetsoeng ka lehloa. Ena pholosa ho tloha frosts matla. Fetisisa tundra le dimela moru ka makhasi ba le boka ba linotši ka barbotage, e thusa hore ho ka tsela e itekanetseng e le mouoane oa mongobo ho tloha bokaholimo bona.

Tundra limela, litšoantšo tsa mefuta e itseng eo di a fumaneha sehloohong se hlahisa serame perennial joang: sedge, oona 'muso o ka mabalane le mekhoabong, buttercup, k'hothone joang, dandelion, dipeo Poppy. Melisa lifate dwarf birch, malandro Polar, bushy alder. mefuta tsena sefate morung ka se finyella ba bolelele ba limithara tse tharo le tse ling. Har'a lihlahla le tse atile blueberries, cloudberry blueberries, cranberries. Ka elevations phahame acclimatized mosses le boriba, tse ngata tsa tsona di ka sehloohong fepa ka pono bakeng sa liphoofolo phelang libakeng tsena.

Forest tundra le taiga

Limela tsa tundra le taiga e fapane haholo le mong ho e mong. Tundra ke libaka phetoho pakeng tsa bona. Ka naha ea morung-tundra har'a lihlekehleke tse ka treeless tsa sebaka ka fumanoa moferong oa phaene, birch, larch le lifate tse ling.

moru tundra libaka e ikhethang e le sebaka sa eona le kopana limela tsa tundra le taiga limela tseo e ka ho eketsehileng ho ba haholo ho kgothaletsa ka boroa. libakeng tse moru, e bopilweng ka mefuta motho ea lifate le lihlahla, ho bōpa maemo a molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho hōla limela herbaceous. Thanks ho lifate le lihlahla e fokotsehile lebelo moea, lieha lehloa ho feta, e leng ho koahela dimela le, ho pholosa ho tloha freezing.

Ho ithuta limela libaka subarctic

Limela sekoahelo sa tundra le moru e-s'o ile a ithuta ka ho feletseng. Hlophisitsoeng tlhaloso ea saense ea mefuta le ntseng le hōla mona o ile a qala feela ka bohareng ba tse lekholo tse fetileng.

Ho tsoela pele ho etsa mosebetsi ona, 'me kajeno ho na le leeto la khethehileng. Ha ba ntse ba bo-rasaense ba tsena li boetse li leka ho theha kamoo limela ka tundra le moru tundra ama liphoofolo tse phelang ka libaka tsena. Ba batla likarabo tsa lipotso tse mabapi le hore na liphetoho ya dimela ho fapafapana mefuta libakeng sirelelitsoe ke ho ba teng ha mefuta e itseng ea liphoofolo, nako e kae ho nka ho ka botlalo hlaphoheloa limela timetsoa. Ha a ntse a bafuputsi ba fumana likarabo tsa lipotso tsohle amanang le ho leka-lekana ea tlhaho ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa libaka potlana-arctic lefatšeng.

liphoofolo Tšireletso

Nature tundra le tundra moru ke ba tlokotsing haholo. Tsosoloso ea mobu, limela hloka ho feta lilemo tse ka dozen, 'me maemong a mang, lilemo tse makholo.
Monna o nako e telele e ne a utloisisa hore o fumana tshusumetso e senyang ka mofuta wa tundra le moru tundra. Leka ho lokisa litaba, ka batho ba ke bōpile maloa tsa mehloli tlhaho, lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa lichaba, papali mehloli. Ba leng teng ka naheng ea Russia le linaheng tse ling tsa lefatše.