The moralo oa letsoai le seng. Lik'hemik'hale moralo: letsoai. Properties ya letsoai

Sodium chloride - sodium chloride e sebelisoa e le tseloe ho lijo, lijo senyeha. E boetse e sebelisoa indastering lik'hemik'hale e, meriana. E sebeletsa e le lintho tse bonahalang bohlokoa e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea hydroxide sodium, acid e hydrochloric, sodium le lintho tse ling. Sodium letsoai la moralo - NaCl.

ionic tlamo e sebopeho pakeng tsa sodium le chloride

The lik'hemik'hale bontša sodium chloride tlas'a maemo a moralo o balletsweng NaCl, e fanang ka e le maikutlo a ea linomoro e lekanang tsa sodium le chloride le liathomo. Empa ntho e sa thehoa ka ho limolek'hule diatomic, 'me e entsoe ka lithollo. Ka itšoara joang ka tšepe a alkali le matla sodium nonmetal athomo fa e mong le valence elektrone feta electronegative chloride. Hlaha sodium Na ⁺ cations le anions sa masalla acid e ea acid e hydrochloric CL ^-. likaroloana Oppositely qosoa hohela e mong le tse ling tse, eaba ba etsa lintho tse bonahalang e le e ionic bonaletsang lekhoakhoa. Nyenyane cations sodium teng pakeng tsa anions e khōlō ea chloride. palo ea likaroloana positive, e bopilweng ka sodium chloride lekana le palo ea mpe, ntho e ke ka kakaretso se nke lehlakore.

Lik'hemik'hale moralo. Letsoai le halite

Letsoai - ka dintho tse rarahaneng tsa sebopeho ionic bao mabitso qala le masalla mona asiti. Sodium letsoai la moralo - NaCl. Geologists jwalo matsoai sebopeho tsejoang e le "halite", le sedimentary lefika - "lefika letsoai". Deprecated lik'hemik'hale nako e le atisa ho sebelisoa tlhahiso ya - "sodium chloride". ntho ena e tsejoa ke batho ba ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo, ha e ne e nkoa e le "khauta e tšoeu". barutoana jwale sekolo le liithuti ho bala ditekanyo liphetoho tse amang sodium chloride bitsoa matshwao lik'hemik'hale ( "sodium chloride").

Re phetha dipalelo e bonolo ho sebelisa boitsebiso boo moralo:

1) Mr (NaCl) = Ar (Na) + Ar (CL) = 22,99 + 35,45 = 58,44.

A lekanyelitsoeng ea limolek'hule boima ba 58.44 (jwalo ka amu).

2) limolek'hule boima numerically lekanang le boima molare, empa palo ena e na le diyuniti g, / Mol M (NaCl) = 58,44 g, / mole.

3) A sampole ea 100 g, letsoai le na le 60,663 g, ea liathomo chlorine le 39,337 g, ea sodium.

thepa ya moaho wa letsoai

kristale boitjarong ba halite - colorless kapa tse tšoeu. Ka tlhaho, ho na le boetse ho na le mobung ea letsoai lefika, penta ka ea bohlooho, tshehla kapa putsoa. Ka linako tse ling ntho matsoai na le moriti o mofubelu e loketseng ka palo le mefuta e mengata ea litšila. Halite thatafala ka Mohs tekanyo e ke 2-2.5 feela, khalase siea holim 'a mohala.

entsprechen tse ling 'meleng sodium chloride:

• monko - ke le sieo;
• latsoa - letsoai;
• Segokanyipalo - 2,165 g, / cm, 3 (20 ° C);
• Qhibiliha ntlha - 801 ° C;
• A phehile ntlha - 1413 ° C;
• solubility ka metsi - la 359 g, / k (25 ° C);

Ba lokisetsa ho ea sodium chloride ka laboratoring

Ke itšoara tšepe sodium le chloride le khase ka phaephe e thehoa ya tšoeu ntho - sodium chloride NaCl (Mokgwa wa ho Nahana letsoai).

K'hemistri fana e le maikutlo a ea dithulaganyo tse sa tšoaneng bakeng sa ho lokisa komponeng e tšoanang. Mehlala e meng ke:

Neutralizing ba itšoara joang: NaOH (. Aq) + HCl = NaCl + H ₂ O.

The redox itšoara joang pakeng tsa tšepe le asiti:

2Na + 2HCl = 2NaCl + _H2O.

Ketso ea acid e ka oxide e tšepe: (. Aq) Na ₂ O + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H ₂ O

Displacement ea acid e ba ho fokola ho tloha letsoai lona tharollo matla le ho feta:

Na ₂ CO ₃ + 2HCl (Aq.) = 2NaCl + H ₂ O + CO ₂ (khase).

Bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ka tekanyo e liindasteri, mekhoa tsena tsohle li bitsa chelete e ngata haholo li bile li rarahane.

Tlhahisong ea letsoai

Ho tloha tšimolohong ea tsoelo-pele, batho ba tseba hore ka mor'a salting nama le litlhapi bolokoa nako e telele. Sebeletsang pepeneneng, kamehla e bōpehileng joaloka kristale halite li ne li sebelisoa linaheng tse ling tsa boholo-holo ho e-na chelete, 'me o ne a boima ba eona bo ka khauta. Search le ntshetsopele ya mobung oa halite lumelloa ho finyella litlhoko hōla ea baahi le indasteri. Bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mehloli ea tlhaho ea letsoai:

• mobung halite matsoai linaheng tse sa tšoaneng;
• metsi a maoatle, maoatleng le matšeng letsoai;
• interlayer lekhapetleng le lefika letsoai ka mabōpong a metsi a letsoai;
• kristale halite ka marako a liphuleng ha seretse se chesang;
• letsoai mokhoabo oo.

Indastering, ho na le litsela tse'nè tse khōlō ho fumana sodium letsoai:

• leaching tsa ka tlas'a lefatše lera halite, le mouoane oa brine resultant;
• meepo merafong letsoai;
• e le mouoane ya metsi leoatle kapa brine matša letsoai (77% ka boima ba 'mele oa litlaleho omileng masalla tsa sodium chloride);
• Sebelisa byproduct tsa desalination oa metsi a letsoai.

The thepa lik'hemik'hale tsa sodium chloride

sebopeho lona NaCl - ke letsoai karolelano thehoa ka alkali le asiti qhibilihang ka har'a. Sodium chloride - matla electrolyte. The khahloa pakeng tsa ions ke kahoo e phahameng hore e ka senya matla feela solvents Polar. Ka metsi, Ion kristale lekhoakhoa ntho bola cations mokhelo le anions (Na ^+, CL ^-). boteng ba bona ka lebaka la conductivity, e nang le tharollo ea sodium chloride. Tsela eo tabeng ena e ngotsoeng e le hammoho le ho omella taba - NaCl. E mong liphetoho ya boleng ho ealogy sodium - yellowing boapeelo lelakabe. Ka lebaka liteko lokela manakaneng a letlooa terata sekgoqetsane hanyane tiileng letsoai le eketsa ho isa karolong e bohareng ea lelakabe leo. Properties letsoai anion boetse o amahanngoa le tšobotsi ea eona e na le tse ka karabelo ya boleng ho Ion chloride. Ke itšoara joang le nitrate le silevera ea ka tharollo e precipitate tšoeu tsa chloride le silevera ea (photo photo photo photo). Haedrojene chloride letsoai mahae tloha acid le matla ho feta hydrochloric: 2NaCl + H ₂ SO ₄ = Na ₂ SO ₄ + 2HCl. Tlas'a maemo a tlwaelehileng tsa sodium chloride ha feta hydrolysis.

Masimong a tshebediso ya letsoai lefika

sodium chloride fokotsa qhibiliha ntlha ea leqhoa, kahoo ea mariha litseleng le litselaneng motsoako oa letsoai le lehlabathe. Ho monyang e khōlō palo ya litšila nakong qhibilihang ho silafatsa linōka le melapo. Road letsoai eketsa ts'enyeho tshebetso ya ho 'mele koloi ho senya lifate a lema haufi le litsela. Ho indasteri lik'hemik'hale e, sodium chloride e sebediswa e le lintho tse bonahalang e le e tala bakeng sa sehlopha se seholo sa lik'hemik'hale:

• asiti hydrochloric;
• metallic sodium;
• gaseous chloride;
• Caustic soda le metsoako e meng.

Ho ekelletsa moo, letsoai le sebelisitsoe ka tlhahisong ea sesepa, lidae. Ka senyeha lijo sebelisoa ka Canning, li-mushroom pickling, tlhapi le meroho. Ho loantša mafu a ea thyroid tsoelesa e le baahi ba ka letsoai moralo tloaelehile hore batho ba e ntlafatsa ka ho eketsa e bolokehileng a iodine metsoako, ho etsa mohlala, Kio _3, Ki, Nai. additives joalo tšehetsa thyroid li-hormone tlhahiso, thibela lefu tloaelehile haholo goiter.

Meaning of sodium chloride ho 'mele oa motho

The moralo oa tafole letsoai, sebopeho lona e fumanweng bohlokoa haholo ho bophelo ba motho. ions sodium ameha ka phetiso ea litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo. The anions tsa chloride ne ho hlokahala hore ho hlahisa acid e hydrochloric ka mpeng. Empa phahameng haholo dikahare tsa letsoai ka ho ja le ka 'na lebisa ho khatello e phahameng ea mali le kotsi e eketsehileng bakeng sa mafu a pelo le vascular. Ka moriana, bakeng sa ho lahleheloa ke e kholo ea mali ka bakuli ba tsamaisoa le letsoai fisioloji. Ho fumana ka litha e le nngwe le nngwe ya metsi distilled ne qhibiliha 9 g, tsa sodium chloride. 'Mele oa motho e hloka phepelo e tsoelang pele ea ntho e le lijo ho. Di behilwe ka letsoai ho itšehla thajana 'me letlalo makala. The dikahare karolelano ea sodium chloride ka 'mele oa motho ke ka 200 g, ka letsatsi Europe jang ka 2-6 dikgerama ea sodium chloride, linaheng chesang palo ka holimo mabapi le mofufutso phahameng.