The maemo ea mokhatlo oa mehaho ea limolek'hule le protheine kapa sebopeho protheine

Sebōpeho sa protheine molek'hule ntse a ithuta ka lilemo tse fetang 200 lilemong tse. O tsebahala ka liprotheine tse ngata. Ba bang ba bona ba 'nile ba tsa maiketsetso (mohlala, ka insulin, RNase). Motheo mehaho le tshebetso ya ka yuniti ya limolek'hule protheine e tsoang-amino acid. Ho feta moo ba carboxyl le amino lihlopha le liprotheine na le lihlopha tse ling tsa tshebetso, e leng beha thepa tsa bona. lihlopha bona ho akarelletsa ho kenngoa ka lateral branchings protheine molek'hule: carboxy sehlopha sa acid e aspartic kapa acid e glutamic, amino sehlopha sa lysine kapa hydroxylysine, guanidine sehlopha sa arginine, ho imidazole sehlopha sa histidine, ho hydroxyl sehlopha sa serine le threonine, e phenol sehlopha sa tyrosine, ho sulfhydryl sehlopha sa cysteine, disulfide sehlopha sa cystine, thioether sehlopha sa methionine, phenylalanine benzelnoe konokono, aliphatic liketane tsa acid tse ling amino.

Ho na le maemo a mane ea mokhatlo oa mehaho ea limolek'hule le protheine.

Mohaho o ka sehloohong oa protheine e. -amino acid tse protheine molek'hule ba o kopantsoeng hammoho ka litlamo peptide, ka tsela eo eaba ba etsa sebōpeho sa mathomo. Ho itšetlehile ka ea ho hlophisoa ya boleng ba amino acid e, palo ea bona e le a latellana joang pakeng tsa metsoako eo. Mohaho o ka sehloohong oa protheine e hangata ka ho fetisisa e behilweng ke Sanger. Protheine teko e tšoaroa ka tharollo ditroftorbenzola (DNP), ka tsela eo eaba ba etsa dinitrophenyl-protheine (nang le protheine e DNP). Ka mor'a moo DNP-hydrolyzed protheine thehoa masalla protheine molek'hule le asiti DNP-amino. asiti DNP-amino e hlaphoheloa ho tswa ho motsoako ona le lekanyegang hydrolysis. Lihlahisoa tsa hydrolysis ba amino acid e le dinitrobenzene. Karolo e setseng ea protheine molek'hule itšoara joang le likarolo tse ling tse ncha tsa DNP hafeela molek'hule kaofela ha heletsa ka-amino acid. E thehiloeng ho ithuta ditirisanommogo ea-amino acid bopang sebopeho o ka sehloohong oa motho oa potoloho protheine. Tsebahalang sebopeho e ka sehloohong ea liprotheine ka insulin, myoglobin, haemoglobin, glucagon le ba bang ba bangata ba).

Ke mokhoa oa ho Edman protheine e tšoaroa ka phenyl isothiocyanate. Ka linako tse ling ho sebelisoa enzyme proteolytic - trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, peptidase, joalo-joalo

Sebopeho se mahareng tsa protheine ena. Bo-rasaense ba American, sebelisa X-ray analysis fumane hore liketane protheine polypeptide hangata e le teng ka sebōpeho sa alpha helices le mehaho ka linako tse ling tsa beta.

Alpha-Helix e bapisoa le ea boipelaetso litepising spiral, eo ho phetha ho sebetsa ha ea likhato tsa litlhaka kahare amino acid e. Ka limolek'hule fibrillar liprotheine (silika protheine) polypeptide ketane e hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng a otlolla (beta-sebopeho) 'me a lokisetsa ka mokgwa wa Makala, tsitsisoa ka litlamo hydrogen.

Alpha-Helix ka etsoa ka boithatelo ka polypeptides maiketsetso (dederon, nylon), eo na le e boima ba 'mele ea limolek'hule tsa ho tloha 10 ho ea ho 20 tse sekete. Ho joalo. Ha likarolo tse ling tse itseng tsa liprotheine molek'hule (ka insulin, haemoglobin, RNAse) pshatla, alpha helical phetolo ea ketane peptide, 'me ba thehoa sebopeho helical tsa mofuta o mong.

Sebopeho phahameng tsa protheine ena. likarolo spiral tsa polypeptide ketane ea protheine molek'hule ke likamanong fapaneng eo fumana e phahameng (a mararo-tlhakore) sebopeho, foromo le sebopeho sa bophahamo ba modumo tsa protheine molek'hule. Ho lumeloa hore mohaho e phahameng ea jarolla ka ho iketsa le le hlaha ka lebaka la ho e sebelisana le litlhaka kahare amino acid e ea limolek'hule solvent. radicals ka tsela eo hydrophobic "huloa" ka protheine molek'hule, eaba ba etsa libaka tsa bona omeletseng le lihlopha hydrophilic ba sekametseng ikutloeleng solvent, e leng e isa hore ho thehoe nkotisa energetically tšoanelang molek'hule. Tshebetso ena e tsamaea le sebopeho sa litlamo intramolecular. Sebopeho phahameng tsa protheine molek'hule ba transcribed bakeng sa RNAse, haemoglobin, lysozyme mahe khoho.

Sebopeho quaternary ya protheine ena. mofuta ona wa sebopeho sa protheine molek'hule le hlaha ka lebaka la mokhatlo oa subunits 'maloa o kopantswe ka molek'hule ea se nang molekane. E mong le e yuniti e nyane e na le ka sehloohong, se mahareng le phahameng sebopeho.