DNA decoding

DNA (acid e deoxyribonucleic) - e mosa ea bophelo ho atamela khoutu rarahaneng, moo boitsebiso bo kena ka boitsebiso bo lefa. Sena molecule rarahaneng le khona ho boloka le ho fetisa lefa lesedi liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tloha molokong ho isa molokong.

DNA e hlalosa thepa e joalo ea phelang efe kapa efe phelang e le lefa le a iponahatsa. Tlhahisoleseding coded e beha lenaneo eohle ea tsoelo-pele ea leha e le efe e phelang e phelang. Liphatsa tsa lefutso lintlha tlholeho fumana tsela eohle ea bophelo ba motho. Ho kenella ha lingaka kapa liphello tsa tlhaho ha tikoloho ka marginally feela ama ho tiea e akaretsang ea itseng litšobotsi liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa ama ntshetsopele ya dithulaganyo pele ho etselitsoe.

DNA decoding khoutu eo na le se ke feela saense empa hape e sebetsang boleng, o lumella lingaka hore li phethe thibelo ea mafu a batho tseo motho e ua tsoaroa ke ha a hlaha. Ho tseba ka litšobotsi tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso sebopeho oa mokuli, ngaka e ka khona ho bolela esale pele ka karabelo ea 'mele ea ho sephetho sa tikoloho, ho noha lefu sephetho le bohlokwa ba tsamaiso ea lithethefatsi e itseng, joalo-joalo

Limolek'hule tsa acid e nucleic kopantswe ka odara ho khetheha, ho laola le thulaganyo kaofela tswakana liprotheine le potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale ho laola le phapanyetsano ka matla le lintho tse ka 'mele oa motho. Sebopeho sa liprotheine le mesebetsi ea bona ba ikemiselitse ka acid e amino boo ba li qapa. Karolo ea bohlokoa e bapaloang ke taelo ea acid tsena amino ka protheine molek'hule.

Ha re nahana ka le dikarolo tse tebileng tsa DNA, sebopeho lona ikemiselitse mefuta e mene ea nucleotides: thymidylic (T), adenine (A), guanine (G) le cytidylic (C). Fetisisang molecule tlotsitsoeng chromosome fihla e-ba bolelele ba 1 mitha. Botenya ba lona e ka tsela eo ba lekanang nanometer le 'ngoe feela (billionth mong oa mitha a).

DNA moralo ke e le botho ba kena nucleotide tatellanong ka ketane ena. Ka mohlala, e ka 'na eaba ba mokgwa: AGTCATGCCAG.

DNA e bile ka taba ea bo-rasaense ba ho etsa lipatlisiso bakeng sa ho lilemo tse mashome. 'nete ea hore liphatsa tsa lefutso le li likarolo fapaneng tsa limolek'hule deoxyribonucleic acid e beha ka bohareng ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Ka nako e tšoanang, bo-rasaense ba ne ba kholisehile hore likarolo tsena ha limolek'hule le boikarabelo bakeng sa sebopeho liprotheine.

From ena e ile a bolela hore kamano e pakeng tsa sebopeho lik'hemik'hale tsa likarolo tse ling tsa limolek'hule DNA le limolek'hule tsa protheine bona. Motheo oa ho itšetleha ena ke hore taelo ea tokisetso ea DNA ka liprotheine tšoana le taelo ea diyuniti mehaho ea DNA (nucleotides) ka phatsa ea lefutso e.

sibolloa e ne Revolutionary ya ka dipehelo tsa ho utloisisa molaetsa oa DNA se ipatileng. Deciphering le khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso e lumelloa bo-rasaense ba ho fumana haufi le liphiri tsa sehlooho tsa tlhahisoleseding batho liphatsa tsa lefutso.

The khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho e tlalehiloe ka nucleotide tatelano itseng ka ka sehloohong lesedi microcyteme - DNA. Deciphering sebōpeho sa macromolecules ka 1953 ea e-ba le ketsahalo ea bohlokoa historing ea maekoroboiloji. Bakeng sa monehelo hae ena Dzh.Uotson sibolloa, F.Krik M.Uilkins me ba ne ba fuoa ka Nobel.

DNA decoding hloka nako e ngata. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore ka molek'hule e 'ngoe ea acid e deoxyribonucleic e na le palo e khōlō ya data, e rarahaneng patilwe khoutu ya. Motheo oa seleng e 'ngoe ka tšoara ke palo ya tlhahisoleseding e neng e tla tlatsa maqephe a limilione tse ya Encyclopedia saense.

Pele bala liphatsa tsa lefutso batho ka seo ho thoeng ke moralo wa tsa hlōleha ka 2001, le hoja ka ho feletseng ka phethoa morero nka lilemo tse peli tse eketsehileng. Bakeng sa mosebetsi oo o ne o ile a qeta lidolara tse limilione tse 300, ho ile ha e-ba teng ke mekhatlo ea 'maloa tsa saense.

The liphatsa tsa lefutso tse feletseng tsa ho rekota e ne e entsoe ka 2007. Tekanyetsokabo porojeke e ne e se e e-ba $ limilione tse 1.

Kajeno, tsamaiso bitsoa "DNA-decoding tsa chromosomes ba batho," e bang teng ka semela se le seng, 'me theko ea eona e fokotseha ho tlaleho ea histori eohle e fetileng. Ho o lekana le liranta tse likete tse 50.