The khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso bokahohleng

The khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso - ke e khethehileng taetsitshireletso lefa lesedi sebelisa limolek'hule tsa acid nucleic. E Thehiloe ho ena coded lesedi liphatsa tsa lefutso se loketseng laoloa tswakana liprotheine le potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale 'meleng, ka tsela eo hlalosang metabolism. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sebopeho liprotheine motho le mosebetsi bona e bakoa ke sebaka le ho hlophisoa ha-amino acid - the diyuniti mehaho ea protheine molek'hule.

Ka bohareng ba tse lekholo tse fetileng ho 'nile ha tsejoa liphatsa tsa lefutso, e leng likarolo tse arohaneng tsa acid e deoxyribonucleic (khutsufalitsoe - DNA). maqhama Nucleotides ka mokgwa ea DNA limolek'hule bath habeli Strand, bokella ka mokgwa wa spiral e.

Bo-rasaense ba fumane kamano e pakeng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le sebopeho lik'hemik'hale liprotheine motho, ha e le hantle ba tse e na le ka 'nete ea hore e le hore mehaho ea amino acid ka limolek'hule le protheine e lumellana ka botlalo ho ea ka taelo ea nucleotides ka phatsa ea lefutso e. Kaha thehilwe kamano ena, bafuputsi etsa qeto ea ho hlalosa se boleloang ke ho khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso, ke hore,, ho theha melao ea loketseng e le hore mehaho ea nucleotides ka DNA le amino acid ka liprotheine.

Ho na le mefuta e mene feela ea nucleotides:

1) A - adenine;

2) G - guanine;

3) T - thymidylic;

4) D - cytidylic.

Sebopeho sa mefuta e mashome a mabeli tsa amino acid ea bohlokoa ea protheine kenyelletsoa. Le deciphering ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho ne ho le mathata hobane nucleotides hole ba ka tlaase ho aminoskislot. Ho rarolla bothata bona, ho 'nile ha etsa tlhahiso ea hore-amino acid tse khouthollotsweng ke tlhakantsuke e fapaneng ya nucleotides tse tharo (tse bitsoang e codon kapa triplet).

Ha re a bale tlhakantsuke khoneha ya triplets e ne e tla ba 64, ke hore, ka makhetlo a mararo ho feta amino acid e - ho fellang kateng le ho triplets feteletseng.

Ho phaella moo, ho ne ho hlokahala ho hlalosa hantle hore na triplets leng teng hammoho phatsa ea lefutso e. Kahoo ho na le lihlopha tse tharo tse ka sehloohong tsa likhopolo:

1) triplets latela e mong le tse ling tse sa khaotse, i.e. theha khoutu e tsoelang pele;

2) triplets ba lokisetsa alternately "lefeela" likarolo tse ling, i.e. thehoa ho thoeng "phelelwana" le "serapa sa" ho khoutu ya;

3) triplets ka 'na lepelela, i.e. Qetellong ea triplet pele ka theha e le qalo ea e latelang.

Hona joale boholo ba sebelisa khopolo ea ho khoutu tswelopela.

Liphatseng tsa lefutso khoutu le thepa ea eona

1) triplet khoutu - ho na le tlhakantsuke hatellang tsa nucleotides mararo eaba ba etsa codons.

2) khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso ke e sa hlokeheng - ke lebaka la triplet hae. E mong amino acid e ka khouthollotsweng ke codon ho feta feta a le mong e le codon ka dipalelo thuto ea lipalo, ka makhetlo a mararo ho feta amino acid e. 'Maloa qetello codons phetha mesebetsi e itseng: ba bang ba ka' na ba "setopong matšoao" hore ba etselitsoe ho hlahisoeng ipolaea amino acid e ketane, ha ba bang ba ka 'na ba emela qalo ya bala ho khoutu.

3) khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso e ferekanye - mong le e codon ka tšoanang le 'ngoe feela amino acid e.

4) liphatsa tsa lefutso khoutu na collinearity, i.e. le nucleotide le asiti amino tatelano hlaka tsamaisana e mong le tse ling.

5) khoutu e tlalehiloeng tswelela pele le e diseke ee, "nang kelello" nucleotides tse sieo ho sona. E qala ka ho hlalosang e triplet, e nkeloa sebaka ke tse latelang bao e seng setopong le qetella le qetello codon.

6) khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso e bokahohleng - liphatsa tsa lefutso efe kapa efe phelang encode bakeng liprotheine e tsoanang hantle. Ha hoa itšetleha ka boemo ba rarahana ha mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ntho e phelang kapa tsamaiso boemo.

saense ea kajeno e bontša hore ho khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso ho hlaha hang-hang holim 'a tsoalo a phelang e ntjha ya taba masapo. liphetoho Random le dithulaganyo ho iphetola ha lintho ho etsa khoneha efe kapa efe khoutu dikgetho, ke hore, -amino acid e ka ho interchanged e le hore ofe kapa ofe. Hobaneng ka mokhoa oa ho iphetola hoa lintho 'nile ea pholoha hantle mofuta ona code, ke hobane'ng ha khoutu e bokahohleng' me o na le mohaho o tšoanang? Ea saense ho feta o ithuta ka ketsahalo ya khoutu liphatsa tsa lefutso, ha ho na le ba liphiri tse ncha.