Sesole bohlale GRU ka pele a sa bonahaleng

E 'ngoe ea litšebeletso atlehang ka ho fetisisa bohlale lefatšeng e neng e le Soviet Union GRU, lilemong tse ka mor'a ntoa. Sesole lekunutu bohlale e sireletsehile bolokoa litlaleho, ba bang ba bona ba u se ke ua ba le taelo e hlomamisitsoeng mefokolo. About katleho ea mahlahana a rona atisa ho ba le ho ahloloa teng feela ka mor'a ho hlōleha ha bona kapa ka lilemo tse mashome.

Russia bohlale tšebeletso e le mohaho o tlhophiso hlaha lilemong tsa bo-XVI. Ivan IV le tšabehang a theha odara bonģosa, palong ea mesebetsi e ka kenyeletsa pokello ea boitsebiso bo molemo bakeng sa ho taolo fetisisa kwalwang ya leano tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Kopantswe mebuso lekunutu mosebetsi le ba baholo seroki A. S. Griboedov, eo qetello o bontšitse kamoo kotsi mosebetsi wa ke ea hlahloba.

Qetellong ea XIX le mathoasong a XX lekholong la lilemo la mahlahana Russia ne e marangrang a pharaletseng a ho hoo e ka bang linaheng tsohle tsa lefatše. Staffed ke basebeletsi haholo koetlisitsoeng, e sebetsa ka katleho le ka tsela e atlehang.

Liketsahalo tsa 1917 le ileng ntoa ea lehae hampe ama ditshebeletso tshireletso puso, sebopeho bona e ile ea batla e timetsoa. 'Muso o mocha o ne a ho bopa bohlale ho tloha mengoapo.

Ho ea ka feshene ea khutsufalitsoeng le mafoko-khutshwafatso ngola tšebeletso hore bokella litaba tsa bohlokwa sesole, ho ne bohlokoa hakaalo bakeng sa uninitiated bitsoa "Registrupr" (1918). O laoloa ho sebopehong sena ntlo-khōlō ea tšimo ea Red Army, 'me re ka bolela hore kajeno bohlale sesole, le GRU ke setloholo lona ka ho toba. Ho ekelletsa moo phetoho Registrupra le ho reha botjha e ho Intelligence Management (EDM) 'nileng a bonahatsa takatso ea ho laola mosebetsi oa mahlahana Union linaheng tse ling.

Ho ntlafatsa ho tšepahala ha mehloli ya data ba 'nile ba fapa-fapaneng. Information fuoa ke kholo ka ho fetisisa le ho ke keng ba lekanngoa tshebetso tsa lefatše tsa marangrang Comintern ba mahlahana a leng bohlale haholo ea sesole, e NKVD, le litšebeletso tse ling tse 'maloa ho sebetsa naheng e' ngoe, ho akarelletsa le ba mebuso.

The sesole bohlale tšebeletso sebelitse ka katleho nakong ea Great rata naha Ntoa ka par, le NKVD 4th. Basebetsi sebopeho ileng ba bōptjoa ka mor'a kgetho hloko le ho ba koetlisa. Ka 1945, mohaho o ena e ile ea bitsoang lebotho la hore 'nile ea pholoha ho fihlela letsatsing le teng.

Mehloli e ka sehloohong ea liphiri tsoang linaheng tse ling kaha ho laola ntoa tšepe "C" MGB (o bitswang KGB) le sesole bohlale GRU. mesebetsi ba ne ba arotsoe pakeng tsa bona, empa specifics ea mosebetsi oa tse seng molaong ha a lumelle ho phapang e hlakileng.

Moruo le botekgeniki tlhahisoleseding, tlhahiso ea eo e ne e le boikarabelo ba tšireletseho boemo, 'me hangata a tšela ka boitsebiso bo sesole. Leha ho le joalo, joalo tlhōlisano ea lefapha ha ntša kotsi sesosa tloaelehileng, empa ho ena le hoo tlatselitse katlehong ea. Kahoo, karolo ea ho fumana liphiri athomo ea Project ea Manhattan, e leng e letsoa e par, le tšebeletsong ea tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa NKVD le GRU bohlale sesole, a ke ke overestimated.

Ka halofo ea bobeli ea XX lekholong la lilemo la ho mahlahana Union beha mathata. Atolosa lekhalo ka salela kwa morago theknoloji ea USSR ba tsoang linaheng tsa Bophirimela, re ho hlokahala boitsebiso bo tšepahalang ka tobileng le tharollo moralo tšimong ea thepa ea kajeno ea sesole. Ha ke lula ka thōko ho tloha mathata ana, 'me bohlale sesole. GRU e kopanela tshebetso lekunutu hole kantle ho naha. Nakong ea khohlano Bochabela bo Hare, Ntoa ea Vietnam le mananeo a mang a hlometseng khanyetso e tsoang tsamaiso ea qothisana lehlokoa le eena li ne li ntšoa 'me ba nehelana ho USSR dikai morao-rao tsa litanka, lifofane le thepa ea elektronike ka etsahala hore ebe lireng.

Sesole bohlale GRU morao-rao Russia e structurally arotsoe ka mafapha a 13 of karoganyo le morero oa tshebetso. Ba sebetsa ka multidisciplinary, ho tloha bahlahlobisisi, bo-rasaense le tsa moruo, ho litsebi tsa mekhoa tsa ntoa ea kelello le senya. Geography libakeng tse ho sebetsa - lefatše lohle, e leng moo jala mapheo a eona 'mankhane o hlalosoa ka tšoantšetsa tsa tšebeletso.