Sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie - ke eng see? Russia sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie

The sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie - ke sehlopha sa arohaneng sa likepe hore ba khona ho qoela ho bolibeng le leholo le le ka nako e telele tlas'a metsi. Kajeno submarines tse ka sehloohong e etsoang ka maqiti Sebetsa ea Navy tsa sechaba sefe kapa sefe. Molemo ka sehloohong - stealth. Sena se etsa hore submarines bohlokoa haholo ka boemo ba ntoa.

History ea pōpo: qalong

Ka lekhetlo la pele ka potso ea hore na ke sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie, o ile a fana ka karabo e molemo hore Leonardo kithe Vinci. O ile a hlalosa sesole lona le menyetla e etsoang ka maqiti le ho nako e telele ba ile ba sebetsa ka tjhebahalo ya moralo wa sesebediswa, empa qetellong li chesa kaofela ha dikai sa eona, kaha ho tšaba liphello etsolloa.

Ka 1578 ho English rasaense William Bourne ka tlaleho ea hae e boletsoeng ka sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie, e ile ea bonahala ka ho eena ka bolibeng ba Leoatle le Letšo. O ile a hlalosa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie - e ha ho letho le tšoanang le la pele U-sekepe entsoe ka Greenland ho tloha letlalo le sealskin. sekepe ena tsitsisang ditanka, le ho etsa lintho ka navigator chomela. Joalo sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e ne e ke ke ka nako e telele tlas'a metsi, empa le nakong eo o ile a bontša diphetho hlollang.

Official morero ho haha submarines e ne e entsoe setjhaba feela 1620. Kamohelo ea kaho o ile a fa English Korol Yakov I. qapa ka tlas'a metsi sejana nka moenjiniere Madache K. Drebbel. Hang sekepe o ne a atlehile ho lekoa London. Dienjini pele ka tlas'a metsi sekepe UK ba ile ba sebetsa ka lesokoana-haheletsoe. Russia, khopolo ea ho bōpa e likepe patiloeng qadile ke Peter I. Leha ho le joalo, ka lefu la hae mosebetsi ona o ile a bolaoa ka ho Bud ya. Ka 1834 ho na le e ne e ea pele bohle tšepe-ka tlas'a metsi sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie. moqapi lona e ne e Russia moenjiniere K. Schilder. Masokoana ne ho soka sekepe ka sesebediswa. liteko ba ne ba atleha, le ba lefatše ba pele ka tlas'a metsi tlhomelo ya lerumo le ile etsoa qetellong ea selemo.

The Navy US ne a ke ke ema thōko. Ka 1850 o ile a qala mosebetsi oo tlas'a tataiso ea L. Hunley. Sekepe o ne a laoloa tswa lekareche arohaneng. dilenaneo ho sebelisoa nsete kholo hore spun basesisi lelapa. Hlokomela ba feta har'a protrusions nyenyane matlo le. Ka 1864, ngoana pele Hunley teba ka sekepe lireng. Ka mor'a moo, katleho ea tšoanang ka ithorise ba Russia le Fora.

Nakong ea submarines Pele World ne a hlomelloa le disele le Motors motlakase. Ka ho qapa le moloko o mocha oa submarines ba sebapali se baenjiniere Serussia. Nakong ea ntoa ea ntoeng amehang 600 lijana tebileng leoatle, e ile ea qetella e teba likepe le destroyers tse 200.

History ea pōpo: a mehla e mecha

Ke ho qaleha ha Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše submarines ho fetisisa e ne e le ka ho leka-lekana ea USSR (211 diyuniti). Ka sebakeng sa bobeli ema ho flotilla Italy - 115 submarines. Hlahlamang ke United States, Fora, Brithani, Japane, 'me joale feela Jeremane le 57 tebileng-leoatle sejana. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie ena e ne e nkoa e ka sehloohong ntoa unit trust ea Navy nakong ea ntoa. Sena ke bopaki ba 'nete ea hore Soviet Union e predominated holim'a leoatle le ka tlase ho fihlela qetellong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše. Molato e ne e le sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie hore teba e leng kakaretso ea likepe sera sa fetang 400. Ha sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie ka ikakhela ho fihlela ho limithara tse 150, le hoja tlas'a metsi bakeng sa lihora tse 'maloa. Lebelo karolelano e ne e le mabapi le 6 mafito. A phetohelo ka tlas'a metsi le boenjiniere e hlahisitse rasaense tsebahalang Walter. A li entseng 'mele streamlined le enjene sebetsa ho peroxide hydrogen. Sena se thusa submarines ho hlōla lebelo mokoallo oa mafito 25.

Submarines kajeno

Morao-rao sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie - ho deepwater sekepe ho sebelisa dimela tsa lona tsa nyutlelie le matla a ho hlahisa matla a hlokahalang. Hape a fanang ka matla a submarines ke dibetri le, dienjini disele, Stirling dienjini le tse ling lisele tse mafura. Ka nako eo, diyuniti tsena ntoa ruileng likepe tsa linaha tse ling tse 33.

Morao koana ka bo-1990, ho armament NATO e ne e ena le lijana 217, ho akarelletsa le SSBNs le SSNs. Ka nako eo, Russia e ne e ka ho leka-lekana ea hanyane diyuniti ka tlase ho 100. Ka 2004, Federation Russia o ile a laela ka ho Italy ho ne ho bōptjoa lintho tse nyenyane tseo e seng tsa libetsa tsa nyutlelie mofuta sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie. morero oo o ile a bitsoa S1000. Leha ho le joalo, ka 2014 ho 'nile ha hoamisoa ka tumellano. Kajeno, e mong oa lebelo ka ho fetisisa 'me ho fetisisa tenyetseha submarines ba nkoa e le hydrogen. Sena se tebileng U-212 sehlopha sa sejana, e sa tsoa feela qala ho hlahisoa Jeremane. likepe joalo sebetsa motheong oa hydrogen, ka tsela eo ho finyella palo e kahodimodimo noiseless sisinyehang.

tlhophiso ea submarines

Submarines ka arotsoe ka lihlopha mabapi le mekhahlelo e le:

1. Ho ea ka mofuta oa mehloli ea matla: matla a nyutlelie, disele, mouoane le khase, mafura, hydrogen.
2. Sebelisa: Multipurpose, mosolotogamaano, khetheha.
3. size: matha ka, mahareng, tse nyenyane.
4. Ho ea ka mofuta oa libetsa: torpedoes, ballistic, lerumo, e tsoakiloeng.

Unit atileng ka ho fetisisa ke tse tebileng tsa nyutlelie sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie. mofuta ona wa submarines na tlhophiso ea eona:

1. SSBN - submarines ea nyutlelie ka libetsa ballistic.
2. PLARK - submarines ea nyutlelie le metsu Bay.
3. MPLATRK - multipurpose lerumo sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie torpedo, matla a ka sehloohong mohloding oo ke melena nyutlelie.
4. DPLRK - submarines disele le metsu le torpedoes.

Ho tswa ho mefuta e liteko ka ba hlaheletseng: a sefofane, e nang le mapheo le se se nang baahi noka sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie.

Metheo e le ea li entseng

Submarines li na le mehaho e 2: leseli 'me tsoarellang. Ea pele ke ho fana ka sekepe ntlafala thepa hydrodynamic le ea bobeli - bakeng sa ho sireletsa le leholo khatello ea metsi. Matsaranka a bokella ho tloha celik, Leha ho le joalo, hangata ba ba teng 'me lits'epe tse kopantsoeng thaethaniamo. Ka sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie ho na le litanka khethehileng bakeng sa tsitsisang sekepe le taolo trima. Ina e phethahatsoa sebedisa hydroplanes. Surfacing laolwang ke displacement tsa metsi le a petetswa moea tloha ditanka tsitsisang sekepe. Motsamao oa sekepe se lebisa disele kapa matla a nyutlelie limela. submarines Nyenyane matha ka libeteri le motlakase. Special lijenereithara disele sebediswa bakeng sa lefisa. Ka tšebeliso ka dilenaneo masokoana.

Mefuta ea libetsa

Sepheo submarines ke ho phetha mesebetsi e itseng:

- ho timetsoa ha likepe tsa ntoa,
- ho felisoa ha methapo ea selotlolo morero,
- ho timetsoa ha lintho ea sera mosolotogamaano.

Ho itšetlehile ka lipakane tsa hao tsa submarines ho beha mefuta e loketseng ho tse ea libetsa: merafong, torpedoes, rockets, libetsa, elektronike. Mererong ya tshireletso, ba bangata ba tsamaea le likepe tse tebileng-leoatle sebediswa nkehang habobebe tsamaiso ea moea itšireletsa.

Russia sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie

E 'ngoe ea morao-rao e amohetsweng nakong Fleet fihlile submarines "Halibut". Kaho ea diyuniti 24 e ile ea nka hoo e ka bang 20 lilemo tse, ho tloha ka 1982. Kajeno, ha ke le lahla submarines Russia e 18 "Halibut". Likepe li ne li hahoa ka moralo oa porojeke e ne 877. Tsena likepe tebileng-metsi a e-ba prototypes tsa seo ho thoeng ke "Varshavyanka". Ka 2004 o ile a tsoaloa e le moloko o mocha oa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie, "Lada", ho sebetsa ka elektrodizelnoy tlhomamiso. sekepe e reretsoe ho timetsa liphofu efe kapa efe lireng. Tsena submarines Russia li ata ka lebaka la ho phahameng ka ho bonyane ba lerata. Ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa morero ile ka potlako oa oa.

Ka sehloohong hlollang matla a ya likepe Russia e sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie tsa nyutlelie "Pike-B". morero oo o ile tsa nka lilemo tse fetang 20 ho fihlela 2004. Kajeno submarines tsa mofuta ona ka ba hlometseng Russia e diyuniti 11. "Pike-B" ke khona ho finyella e lebelo la 33 mafito, qoelisoa bakeng 600 limithara le ho ba tsamaya e ikemetseng ho matsatsi a 100. Bokgoni - batho ba 73. Kaho ea unit trust e mong chelete ka polokelong ea matlotlo ka bang 785 mln. Liranta.

Hape le pokellong ea likepe ba joalo submarines tsa nyutlelie tsa Russia, e le "Shark", "Dolphin", "li-barracuda", "Kalmar", "Antey" le ba bang.

The sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie Newest

Ka "Warszawianka" li haufi le ho replenished tse ntjha Russia diyuniti sesole sa metsing. Sena se tla ba sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie Newest "Krasnodar" le "Stary Oskol". Likepe tla kena ka tšebeletso ea ka halofo ea bobeli ea selemo sa 2015. Moo ho laolloang thepa ke lijana tebileng-leoatle "Kolpino" le "The Great Novgorod", empa kaho bona phethoa feela ho ea qetellong ea 2016. Ka lebaka leo, ho tla ba le 6 "Warszawianka" moralo diyuniti ka Black Sea Fleet e ho leka-lekana lakane. Baemeli ba letotong lena la lihlooho li etselitsoe ho loantša litlhaselo tsa sera, ke hore, ho sireletsa sesole sa metsing le bokatlase, puisano, lebōpo la leoatle. Submarines "Varshavyanka" le bolela mofuta o le khutse. mosebetsi Elektrodizelnom ka enjene.

Bolelele ba sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e le e 74 limithara, 'me ka bophara -. 10 limithara ka tlas'a metsi koloi ka fihla lebelo la 20 mafito. Ho qoelisoa monyako - 300 limithara bophelo sesa -. Fihlela ho matsatsi a 45.

Le tlogetswego le sunken sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie

Ho fihlela 1940s, submarines ebe lahleha bolibeng ba maoatle le maoatleng. Mabaka a bakeng sa e ne e le moralo mefokolo le balang liphoso recaps, 'me lekunutu tshebetso sesole bahanyetsi.

Ka mor'a ea bobeli ea lefatše e lekantsoeng e sieo diyuniti sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie. Lilemong tse 50 tse fetileng, baenjiniere ba ile ba fihlela tlhōrō ea eona. Ho tloha qalong ea 1950 e sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e sa nkoa e le kotsi bakeng sa bophelo ba basebetsi, 'me kopana le sera hang-hang e tsitsitseng e le setsi sesole. Ke ka lebaka leo ka lilemo tse mashome tsa morao tjena, e le ho honyenyane lahlehileng submarines. Ka ho fetisisa tummeng sieo sejana ho nkoa "neha phepheng" (USA), ea "Dakar" (Iseraele) le "Minerva" (France). Hoa hlokomeleha hore tsohle tse tharo sunken sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie soahlamana tlas'a maemo a mohlolo ka mor'a libeke tse 2 ka 1968. Ditlaleho ka likoluoa tsohle tse tharo o ile a re ntho op o dia, ka mor'a hore a kopane le eo ho buisana le basebetsi ba lahlehileng ka ho sa feleng.

Ka palo yohle, lilemong tse 60 tse fetileng ho 'nile ha molao tlalehiloeng 8 sunken submarines tsa nyutlelie, ho akarelletsa le tse tšeletseng tse Russia le American tse peli. Pele e neng e le sekepe se "Thresher" (USA), ka boto ea eo ho ne ho batho ba 129. kotsi eo e etsahetse ka lebaka la sera se hlasele ka 1963. Basesisi kaofela o ile a bolaoa.

Ka ho fetisisa sensational le bohloko ke qetello ea sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Lipetsk". Lehlabuleng la 2000 ka lebaka la ho phatloha ha torpedo ka lekarecheng ea pele ea sekepe teba ho ea botlaaseng ba le Leoatle le Barents. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba 118 ba ile ba bolaoa.