Satellite Communications. Centers, tsamaiso le ntshetsopele ya puisano sebaka

Kajeno, ho ke ke, ha ho makatse ngata sathelaete lijana ka marulelong a matlo. Satellite Communications tiisoa ka thata ka bophelo ba le motho feela ea tloaelehileng seterateng. Esita le libakeng tse ka thōko hona joale ba na le monyetla oa ho shebella TV le ho sebedisa ditshebeletso tsa Inthanete, ha ba le phahameng pontšo boemong ba. Empa sena sohle e entsoe leboha khoneha ho likoloha sebaka mosebetsi puisano, eo e tla tšohloa sehloohong sena.

marangrang World

Lefatšeng marangrang kajeno potoloha lefatše. Russia e le monyetla oa ho nka boleng bo phahameng a thelevishene matšoao nolofalletsa ho Federal State sebopego se se tshwaraganyang ENTERPRISE "Russia Satellite Communications." Sena ke e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa lisebelisoa tse leshome sathelaete lefatšeng, le eona e bohareng TV tsa compression. Ho phaella moo, e fana ka multiplexing tsa melapo tsa digital, chelete liphutheloana tsa mananeo a 'muso a kgaso.

sebaka motsoako

khamphani le bopilwe ka sehlopha sa linaleli sa 12 satellitari mekoloko tsohle. Satellite fana ka kgaso sebakeng e le sebaka seo ho eohle ea Russia, CIS, Europe, Afrika le Bochabela bo Hare, Australia, North le Amerika Boroa, 'me sebakeng se Asia-Pacific. Orbital lefelo la ho rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng tse selikalikoe orbital - ho tloha 14 ° le ka bophirimela ho ea 145 ° bochabela longitude:.

The motsoako tsa lefatše

Infrastructure, e leng fatše - ho litsi tse hlano bakeng sa puisano sebaka. Ba leng teng ho pholletsa le naha ea Russia. Ka mosebetsi lona khamphani e tataisoa ke tsa hlaseloa lenaneo muso bakeng sa ntshetsopele ya kgaso ka Federation ea Russia ka 2009-2018. The mefuta e fapaneng ya ditshebeletso e batsi haholo:

• tsamaiso, sebaka puisano le go baya leitlho sebaka sa makala le makoloi;
• puisano le kgaso (-le-moea le thelevishene li kgaso, ditsitithale le sathelaete TV) bakeng sa dinaheng 52;
• muso le puisano mopresidente;
• Kutu le metsing lipuisanong.

tsamaiso e khopo sebaka tlhaeletsao

Phetiso ya tlhahisoleseding ho fetela ho le kanaleng Earth - ka sathelaete sebaka le morao e etsoa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng. Sebaka sebediswa telemetry, mohala, Telegraph, thelevishene tsamaiso ea. Ka ho fetisisa ratoa tsamaiso e khopo-le-moea. Ka sehloohong khethollang lintlha tsa sebaka ka lebaka la ho beha dintho tse fofang tse sebaka ke tse latelang:

• kamehla ho fetola boemo ba rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng;
• tsoelang pele phetoho pontšo ka baeti ba fihlelang ho maqhubu;
• e fokolang ka ho toba ponahalo libaka le lintlha fatše mabapi;
• fokotsa matla a mechine teng ka rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng sa;
• e mengata e fapaneng ea tonanahali ea puisano.

Ntshetsopeleng ya Space Communications

Mong le e mong oa tseba hore o ikopanye le pele le monna e mong oa sebaka ile ka hlokomela la 12 April, 1961. Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin ne, ho pholletsa le sefofane lona ho boloka tsitsitseng peli tsela mohala le telegraph tape le puisano e Earth le rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng "Vostok" ka mefuta e fapaneng ya maqhubu mitha le decameter.

Nakong e tlang, le sebaka ho buisana le fatše e ne e ntlafala, 'me ka August 1961, nakong ea sefofane ea cosmonaut gs Titov ho bonahala eka fokotswa ho liforeimi 10 ka motsotsoana TV setshwantsho. Kajeno, tloaelehileng tekanyetso tsamaiso ea mananeo a thelevishene li sebelisoa, le phetiso bohōle ba km milione 350 (nakong Halvimmat lomat Mars).

Theknoloji le moruo motsoako

Poleloana e reng sathelaete tšebeletso ka orbit e ka bang 15 lilemo tse. Nakong ena, tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e ncha puisano. sathelaete e mong ka orbit le ditjeo ho fihlela ho $ limilione tse 230, 'me mosebetsi oa ho mong'a ka - e matha ka tsela e atlehileng le ho e sebelisa e le mohaho o khiriso. Russia, e 'meli feela mekhatlo o moholo o ka kgona ho ba le sathelaete ka orbit geostationary - Federal State sebopego se se tshwaraganyang ENTERPRISE "Russia Satellite Communications Company" le OAO "Gazprom Space Systems".

Mathata a maqhubu lekgutshwanyane

Radio buisana le beha dintho sebaka le lifofane sebakeng sebaka se boholo ho feta 1000 km le, e khannoa ka fapaneng shortwave. Empa lefatšeng la kajeno, mefuta e fapaneng hona ha hoa lekana. Mabaka a ena ke tse latelang:

• shortwave sa sitisoe bohlokoa ka sebetsa hoo e ka bang likete tse liteisheneng tsa seea-le-le mosebetsi oa bona kajeno ka makhetlo a mangata ho feta.
• Ho eketseha lerata boemo ba hloka ho sebelisa mechine e matla le ho feta.
• Mosuoe-hlooho sekoli ea joalo mefuta e fapaneng - multipath boikatiso le phello ea pontšo fading ka tape ka. Sena se etsa hore ho hoo e batlang e ho le thata ho buisana ka mefuta e fapaneng sena ha se sebaka se selelele haholo.

Marang-lekgutshwanyane tsokoang mengata e fapaneng tlaase ho moo laela, empa ea moketeng oa lijo e etsoa feela ka libaka tsa ponahalo.

Tsoa - satellitari

Ho ba teng ha repeater pontšo ka sebaka, e leng satellitari, fana ka pono e nepahetseng 'me a bula ho fihlela menyetla e ncha bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea puisano sebaka. Ho tla ba khona ho fana ka mekhoa ea puisano e ka tšeptjoang le beha dintho tse ka thōko ka sebaka le ho koahela holim 'a polanete sireletsehileng le hasoa mokokotlo theiboleng. Satellitari mafolofolo le etseng letho repeaters pontšo ka hlomamisa, le satellitari ho bona ka bobona le ka ho ba ka ema (tsitsitseng a lekanyelitsoeng lefatšeng) le tse fofang ka potoloha tlaase.