Reserve Orenburg: limela le liphoofolo, histori le ba lintho tse epolotsoeng libaka

Orenburg sebakeng teng ka libakeng tse le moeli oa ba libaka tse fapaneng zoogeographical le libakeng tse libaka. lintho tse ngata lebisa ho originality le ikhethang tsa liphoofolo tsa moo.

Mehloli, tlas'a tšireletso ea boemo ba, ke thuto (ka ekolotsi), ho etsa lipatlisiso, saense, mekhatlo tikoloho. Sepheo sa mesebetsi ea bona ea ho sireletsa le ho ithuta mokhatlo oa tlhaho ea dithulaganyo tsa tlhaho kapa liketsahalo. Hape, ka masimo a ba libaka tsena e replenished phoofolo liphatsa tsa lefutso letlole la limela le liphoofolo, ho sa ho pholosa baahi ba motho ka mong le ho mefuta e meng ea limela le liphoofolo, buka e ikhethang kapa tloaelehileng tsamaiso ea tlholeho. Reserve "Orenburg" - ho na le mokhelo.

tlhaloso kakaretso

libaka tikoloho Ho thehoa ke likarolo tse 'nè, palo yohle sebakeng leng lekanang le a ho 21,7 sekete. Ha.

Orenburg Reserve na:

• "Talovskie steppe" - hectars 3200;
• "Burtinskaya steppe" - hectars 4500;
• "Aytuarskuyu steppe" - hectars 6753;
• "Aschisayskuyu steppe" - hectars 7200.

libaka tsohle tse o ile a lokisetsa ka bang ka bolokolohi le 'ngoe. Longitude ba ba aroloa ho mong le e tse ling tse ka bang 240, 380 le 75 km SE. Karohano ena ea sebaka lumelloa ho ka botlalo hlahise mefuta e tsa motheo tsa naha e fumanoang ka masabasabeng ea sebaka se Orenburg.

History ea pōpo

Ka sebele merero ea pele bakeng sa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa sebaka o ile a sireletsa ne ntshetswa morao ka twenties ea tse lekholo tse fetileng. Empa ka 1975 ba ile ba qala ho ho sebediswa. The peleka a sebeletsa e le ho ithuta e 'ngoe ea maeto a ho, ka lebaka la se ileng sa lemoha primordial steppe naha sebakeng Orenburg. Qetellong, pokello e ile ea thehoa ka 1989.

libaka klimate

Sebakeng sa ho busa omileng kontinenteng boemo ba leholimo. Ka karolelano mocheso oa 2,5 ° C. The serame ntle nako ea pokello ke matsatsi a 130. The pula karolelano ea selemo le selemo e 390mm.

Aytuarskaya steppe

tšimong eo ae phethang e leng sebaka se ea hectars 6753, ho e teng ka le letšehali banka tsa nōka. Ural Mountains, ka le moeli oa naha ea rōna le Kazakhstan. Ho fihlela ho 60-ogy ea tse lekholo tse fetileng ka masabasabeng le leholo la sena e ne e le tse peli tse ba inyenyefatsang SeKazakh aul,. Steppe le Meadow lipampitšana sebelisoa e le hayfields, empa mesebetsi yohle ya ikonomi ho ba emisitswe kajeno. Kantle e ne e le feela hore pere polasing, ho khethehileng etselitsoe ho hlahisa boleng bo phahameng Aytuarke bakeng koumiss.

Orenburg pokello sebakeng sena e nkoa e le karolo ho fetisisa se lithaba. Ke karolo ea ho Ural letsoho a phuthilweng. liphoofolo e tšoantšetsoang ke mefuta e 38 ea liphoofolo. Sebakeng sena ho tloaelehile hore batho hamsters tloaelehileng, loafers, e bonolo slepushonki, litoeba birch, pikas. Ba Hlekefetsang ba Bang ba steppe ferrets, liphokojoe. The lihlahla le mefero Woody leo ho ahiloeng ho ke likhama, e hlaha boar, Elk.

Pharaletseng 106 mefuta e meng ea linonyana, e hlokometse hore 41 tsoa sehlaheng bona. Na o tletse Falconiformes, ho akarelletsa le kestrel le monyenyane, Saker phakoe, moemphera ntsu, buzzard, Pallid Harrier, Eagle. Ka libaka ena ea pokello ea fumanoa hanyane bustards, partridges, quails. Likokoanyana li e ne e le mefuta e fapaneng ya mefuta e ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book ea Russia.

Histori le ba lintho tse epolotsoeng saeteng sepheo

Ka hare ho pokello e ho na le e mene ea se nang molekane 'me tse peli a tutulu ea lepato. Haufi le meeli saeteng ya e leng kakaretso ea 16 barrows hanyetsa.

Aschisayskaya steppe

sebaka sena e teng ka sebakeng se hectars 7200, tse ka Svetlinskoye area. Pele steppe e ne e le e fokolang makhulo likhomo mojaro, libakeng tse ling o ile a sebelisa jwalo ka furu.

Sebaka seo sa liphallelo e bataletseng, e bataletse, hanyenyane mekgokolosa. Ntle lehlakoreng le leng Aschisayskoy steppe fa lilomong relict, maporogo, maporogo, ha ho ya melapo le matša a mosebetsi.

Phagocytal steppe likoting ba bakae le matša, eo e itšetlehile ka ho rarollela bophahamo ba modumo metsi a thawed vernal. Boholo ba bona ba na le sebopeho lekaneng. Sena ke e mong oa libaka ntle ka ho fetisisa, e leng ho ithorisa ka lintho tsa tlhaho pokello "Orenburg".

E sireletsa ka sebaka see?

Sebakeng sa le aloang fetang 20 mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, 53 mefuta e meng ea linonyana nesting. Har'a baemeli ba liphoofolo (liphoofolo tse hlaha), le mefuta e ho fetisisa bath tse nyenyane lent, pela, steppe polecat, marmot, phokojoe. Har'a linonyana etsa qeto ea ho abelwang karolo ya belladonna, steppe ntsu, Lark. Steppe matša sehlaha Ogar, Heron, bittern.

Liemahale tsa boleng histori le ba lintho tse epolotsoeng

Ka naha ea pokello ho na le tutulu, tseo, ho ea ka ho etsa lipatlisiso, ho ke ea e le malapa a morao mehleng e bohareng nomads. bophahamo ba eona e ke 1 limithara, bophara - 20 m.

Burtinskaya steppe

site e teng ka Preduralsky Orenbuzhya sebakeng occupying e leng sebaka se ea 4.500 Ha. Steppe mehleng ea Soviet Union karolo e 'ngoe sebetsa e le furu. Sebakeng pafara na le letsoai le Meadow lipampitšana, karst matša Koskol.

steppe le e teng ka Urals bochabela Ka hona foredeep hlahiswa maralleng le steeply mekgokolosa sebaka. paisagem ea kajeno ba ile ba qala sebopeho hae ka Pliocene ho sebaka sa lithoteng tsa. Foromo e khōlō ea metsi a arola le sehlabeng se ne Mueldy.

Majoe ka sehloohong ba emeloang ke kontinenteng conglomerates khubelu polymictic. Mobu-eaba ba etsa majoe a sa tšoaneng. Ka matsoapo a moepa le bonolo ba teng eluvial mobung oa galeage boima.

Ka hare ho sebaka sa senola mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse leshome tsa mobu. Motheong oa mobu etsa e ka boroa ba batsho mobu se hlahang ho yona. The humus fellang fihla ka 38 cm,, moo diteng tsa humus bo fihla ho 8%.

'A letanta phagocytal e hantle haholo ntshetswa pele le tšoauoa ka le phallo ea kamehla. E emeloang ke fihlang ho e ka holimo ea linōka tse nyenyane, le mehloli, metsi nakoana. Ka libaka tšireletso, ho na le matša a pedi Koskol le hlahang ho yona karst. metsi a slabomineralizirovannaya.

Orenburg Reserve, moo ho nang le Kaynar selemo (ka Burtinskaya steppe), e tse ka thōko hlollang. Mohloli haholo eketsa ho maeto tse khōlō. sebakeng sa eona sa holim metsi ea 15 m². Ke matla, e ntle mofuta selemo voklyuznogo ha le hatsele esita le mariha.

Burtinskaya steppe ho nkoa e seelo Preduralsky steeply mekgokolosa, naha maralleng. sebaka seo hlahiswa phuleng ena-toloki, mezhsyrtovo-phuleng ena, syrt-upland mefuta sebaka.

The limela la steppe ea tsejoa 'maloa tsa liemahale le gornostepnyh edemikov, tse kang clove Ural, astragalus Guelma, scratchy gornokolosnik le ba bang.

State Natural Reserve "Orenburg" ka Burtinskaya steppe e lule e le baemedi ba ngata limela le liphoofolo. A mefuta e fapaneng e khethehileng le leruo la liphoofolo tse sa tšoaneng. Li fumanoa fatše ka bang 120 mefuta e meng ea linonyana, ho kopanyelletsa le mefuta e 51 nesting tlang. Baemeli ho fetisisa tloaelehileng li nkoa bustard nyenyane, steppe ntsu, demoiselle Crane, kestrel, belladonna, e khubelu-maoto a mane phakoe, harrier, o motsho grouse.

Har'a liphoofolo tse anyesang ba ile ba fumana 24 mefuta e: bokotokwe, marmots, loafers, hamsters, voles, pikas. Tsa lihahabi le ka ho hlokomela steppe marabe le Bog sekolopata.

Histori le ba lintho tse epolotsoeng saeteng sepheo

Tšimong tsa lepato tutulu, bo lokela ho lebisoa ho Sarmatian setso VII-III lilemo tse makholo. le d. n g. e. seemahale sa e teng ka sehlabeng e haufi Mueldy letšoao phuputso e entsoeng "420,9 m." Ho Ho thehoa ke litutulu 13, tse peli tsa tsona li haholo-holo le leholo le le fihla ba bolelele ba 2,5 limithara le bophara ba 'me a 40 limithara litutulu tse ling tse ka bang le tsoanang :. Bophahamo ba 0,8 limithara le bophara ba 10 ho isa ho 20 m.

Talovskaya steppe

site e teng ka setereke Pele ho tikolohong eo, 'me e akaretsa sebaka se ea hectars 3200. Ho tla fihlela ka 1988 ho na le e ile ea tšoareloa e leka-lekaneng fula lipere, linku le likhomo. Hape, ho na le hlabula paka le linku tse ling fula haufi le moo ho hlepha limela le mobu o ile a fumanoa.

Ea liphallelo e fapaneng thota ponahalo, eo ho ile ha thehoa haholo-holo ka Mesozoic. Ea kajeno mofuta oa sebaka seo a fumana ka nako ya nako Quaternary tlas'a tšusumetso ea dithulaganyo denudation e bakileng ho hlaha ha tšimong eo.

Eaba ba etsa majoe a hlahisa tloaelehileng e phahameng clays letsoai leoatleng. Sebaka o ile a sireletsa e teng ka phetoho ea ho tloha chernozem ho lefifi mobu chestnut. Ka matsoapo a bonolo le watersheds ka theha mobu mahareng-calcareous.

Orenburg mofuta pokello ka fapaneng steppe Talovskaya length of ntshetswa pele hydrography. dinetweke tseo noka ba emeloang watercourses feela ba nakoana. Ke headwaters ea linōka le Malaya Talovaya Sadomna, ka hare ho sebaka seo, ba ile ba u se ke ua ba le phallo e sa khaotseng. Hape ha ho na liponahatso tsa tlase ho lefatshe.

Talovskaya steppe ke seelo Zavolzhskaya-Ural masabasabeng. Physical sebopeho sebakeng thehoa syrt-plakor, maqhubu interfluvial hammoho le phula-mofuta girder.

Histori le ba lintho tse epolotsoeng liemahale kabelo

Sebakeng sa ho na le tutulu lepato, ho thoeng ke ba setso sefe Sarmatian. E ka fumanoa ka moeli leboea-bophirimela ea site ka boemo ba 198,9 m. Sena ke e ikhethang boleng ba lintho tse epolotsoeng, e kenyeletsang pokello "Orenburg".

Motsamaisi oa sebaka seo o ile a sireletsa

Taelo ea Letona la Natural Resources le ecology naga e sa naha August 19, 2013 mookameli oa pokello ea khethiloeng e le Rafil Talgatovna Bakirov. Ena ke setsebi kgolo, dikoma, mohokahanyi oa porojeke e ne UN steppe ka phahameng ka ho lebatowa, itsoakanye moprofesa, hlooho ea lefapha la tsa molao oa Univesithi ea moo temo, eo dirisanang Reserve "Orenburg". Bakirov fapane thahasello ea sebele ka katleho ea mesebetsi. Ke ntho ea tlhaho botsebi le matla keng tsa fela, kahoo sebaka sireletswa tla atleha.

Orenburg State Reserve ka matsoho hantle. Ho na le ha ho pelaelo hore botsebi le boinehelo ba mookameli e ncha. Le mosebetsi oa khannoa pokello e ka fumanoa mecha ea phatlalatso. Ba totobatsa dithulaganyo tsa tlhaho li etsahala ka steppe le, liketsahalo tsa tikoloho, dikgaisano, phatlalatsang le papatso. Ka lebaka la sena pokello mofuta hohela bahahlauli ba bangata.

mananeo a Excursion

Ha u etela teng tlhahong buka e ikhethang lintho batho, e seng feela ho tloaela maemo a buka e ikhethang tikoloho ea libakeng sireletsoa. Nakong ea leeto, baeti ba ka hlokomela fragility likamano tsa lona, habonolo destructible tlas'a tšusumetso ea motho.

Ho fihlela joale, pokello ea ka ea ka thuto le boitsebiso bo rutang litsela tse 'nè Excursion. Sena "felloe ke nako ea Lefatše" Trans-Urals, Trans-Volga sebakeng, o ka boroa Urals, Urals.

liphoofolo tse

Reserve "Orenburg" e na le liphoofolo tse ho nkoa tloaelehileng sebaka sa moo. E emeloang ke mefuta e latelang ea liphoofolo steppe:

• Lun.
• Kestrel.
• Belladonna.
• Bustard.
• Lemming.
• Slepushonki joalo joalo.

Orenburg Reserve, liphoofolo le limela tse tlas'a tšireletso e khethehileng, le bona ba na le tse ngata tse mefuta e bath ea libaka deciduous moru. toeba ena European hedgehog fan, lipela, Kangna, kestrel, setokong-leeba, grouse, Scops Owl, lehong leeba. Hape, ka sebakeng sa paballo leo ho ahiloeng ho ke baemeli ba seka-lehoatata, ka ho khetheha, nako e telele-eared klonoa, nonyana e nyenyane. Ka linako tse ling ho na le ke moemeli e khanyang ea mefuta tundra - lehloa sephooko.

Morao-rao tšimong ea liphoofolo tse hlaha ke sa tšoaneng le batlang e le barui. Mona tse hlahisoang liphoofolo tse anyesang - ka 48 mefuta e, linonyana - 190 mefuta e meng ea sehahabi - 7 mefuta sehahabi - 5 mefuta ea litlhapi - 6 mefuta, mefuta 1,000 ea likokoanyana. Orenburg Reserve, bao Foto e bontšitsoeng tlaase mona, ho hlokomela lintho tse phelang tikolohong eo.

Bakeng sa liphoofolo tse anyesang kenyeletsa mefuta e supileng ea carnivorous, 23 - litoeba 3 - bo-'mankhane 9 - jang nama 4 - artiodactyla, 2 - lagomorphs. About 15 mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tsena li tloaelehile libakeng tsohle tsa libaka sireletsoa. Har'a bona, marmots, bokotokwe fatše, voles, litoeba, lemming, litoeba birch, jerboa, phokojoe, phiri, 'mutla, pela, polecat, mongoose, Korsak.

Flora

Reserve "Orenburg" e na tse fetang 600 mefuta e tsa lefatše semela. palo ena e ka bang 40% ea palo ea mefuta ea limela ho hōla hohle naheng. Har'a bona Maemong haholo karolo eo ba kotsing ea ho fela. Ka Red Book ea naha classified mefuta 23 tsa limela. mefuta e mengata ea limela tse phelang sebakeng seo e baballang, bua ka lithaba-steppe Petrophytes mohlala kopeechnik serebrolistny, cloves Ural, astragalus Guelma, Silene Bashkir.

Reserve "Orenburg" e na le moelelo o khethehileng bakeng sa naha ea rōna. Ka sebaka sa eona ba ile ba khona ho boloka e ikhethang oona tsamaisong tlholeho tsa steppe libaka upland naha. Ke lefatše leo ho lona ho se nang ho tšoenyeha le khatello ea kelello, le 'muso oa mofuta le kutloano, e leng bohlokoa ho boloka.