Potso Geological: seo liminerale li fapane le mafika

Hangata e le ka lingoliloeng tse ratoang tsa saense ho na le mantsoe a reng "matsoai" le "lejoe". Batho ba se nang thuto ea khethehileng, le se ke arolelana bopa dikgopolo tsa tsena, ho lemoha mantsoe ana hoo e ka bang jwalo ka synonymes. Sena ke categorically fosahetseng. A re ke re bone hore na liminerale li fapane le mafika.

liminerale

E le hore ho hlakisa phapang pakeng tsa matsoai a tsoang lefikeng, ka sebopeho tsa tlhaho, nahana mong le e mong dintlha ka botlalo. Ho latela ditlhoko tsa International mineralogical mokgatlo ho liminerale kenyeletsa-butle thehoa ka mala a lefatše kapa bokaholimo lona ho ba le e tšoanang lik'hemik'hale le sebopeho bonaletsang.

Empa ha liminerale tsohle di hantle kopana tlhaloso ena. Mohlala, ho na le lintho tse nang le e tšoanang lik'hemik'hale empa u se ke ua theha kristale lekhoakhoa, seo ho thoeng ke amorphous liminerale (Opal). Liathomo ka dibopeho tse joalo li haufi haholo le mong ho e mong 'me u se ke ua theha laela tsamaiso. Ka tsela eo maqhama pakeng tsa liathomo matla ka ho lekaneng. Mohaho ka bapisoa le khalase.

tlhophiso oa liminerale

Bo-rasaense ba Kakaretso ka 2500 liminerale, eo na le mefuta e sa tsoaneng tsa bona. Ho ea ka thepa ea motheo e lik'hemik'hale eaba ba etsa karolo ea, liminerale tse arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa:

• likarolo Native - ntho kristale lekhoakhoa eo e na le 'ngoe feela elements lik'hemik'hale. Mohlala, sebabole, khauta, polatinamo. Thahasellisang hantle: taemane le graphite - liminerale tse nang feela k'habone, empa ho ba le sebopeho sa e fapaneng kristale. Tabeng ena, ea daemane - the maemo a matla le graphite, ho fapana le hoo, bonolo haholo. sehlopha sena se akarelletsa ka 90 liminerale.
• Sulfides - liminerale bao kristale a entsoe ka sebabole le tšepe kapa nonmetals. Mohlala, Galena, sphalerite. Thahasellisang hantle: The pyrite matsoai o na le lebitso bobeli "khauta leoatla o." Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore kamoo ho bonahalang kateng pyrite ka 'mala le metallic khanya joaloka sa tšepe ea bohlokoa. sehlopha sena se akarelletsa ka 200 liminerale.
• Sulfates - letsoai ea tlhaho ea acid e sulfuric. Mohlala, barite, jarosite, gypsum, anhydrite. Thahasellisang hantle: barite - feela matsoai hore ka kokobetsa ho sa X-ray. Ka lebaka leo, e hlahang lifiliming ka kamoreng X-ray bopilwe matsoai 'me mabota a koahetsoeng ka samente barite. sehlopha li kenyeletsa ka 260 liminerale.
• Halides - liminerale thehoa ka ha e kopana le lirafshoa tse sa tšoaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale le halogens. Mohlala, fluorite, sylvite, halite. Thahasellisang hantle: Moemphera oa Roma Nero o ile a mo fokolisitseng ka fluorite, ho reka lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka eona chelete e ngata. sehlopha sa akarelletsa ho ba ka bang 100 le liminerale.
• Phosphates - tsa tlhaho letsoai ea acid e phosphoric. Mohlala, vivianite, pherese, apatite. Thahasellisang hantle: turquoise - ka ho fetisisa ratang ka ho fetisisa lehakoe Bapersia. Litsenyehelo tsa ho ba bang lintho tse ka makhetlo a 3-4 phahame ho feta theko ea khauta. Le sehlopha sa batho ba ka bang 350 le liminerale.
• Carbonates - tsa tlhaho letsoai ea acid e le k'habone. Mohlala, calcite, dolomite, magnesite. Thahasellisang hantle: ka Alps lithaba ketane kenyeletsang drive, bitsoa Dolomites, ka lebaka la lefika e kenyeletsa dolomite. Mountains tlas'a khanya ea letsatsi ba retelehela pinki.
• Oxides - liminerale, thehoa ka metsoako ea tšepe le oxides. Ka mohlala, Alexander, lejoe le thata, Opal. Thahasellisang hantle: Ametrine ke e 'ngoe ea rarest lefatšeng. Tšobotsi lona ke hore palo ea lejoe tsa bohlokoa e ikhethang, e mong le e mohlala e ncha e fapaneng ho tloha ho e fetileng. sehlopha se na le ka bang 200 liminerale.
• Silicates - sehlopha ho fetisisa e pharaletseng oa liminerale tse akarelletsang ka silicon, aluminium. Ka mohlala, topaze, stalagmite, serpentine. E le hantle e thahasellisang ke hore pele ho qaptjoa pele poleiti khalase kenngoa ka lifensetere tsa Mica.

Joale, e le hore ho bona ho se tšoane le khetholle a mafika le liminerale, re hlalosa khopolo ea pele bitsoang kateng.

mafika

The Earth e karolong e ka holimo le liminerale tse ha le a fumanwa Maemong ka thōko. E le busa, le tlas'a tšusumetso ea lintlha ka ntle, ba kopana ho foromo majoe. Kahoo, liminerale li fapane le lefika hore e ke ea bohlokoa a thepa ea mohaho le literata. Empa ha liminerale tsohle tse amehang sebopeho sa majoe. Ka hona, bo-rasaense ba arola ba ka lefikeng-eaba ba etsa (boholo silicates) le keketseho ya.

Classification a mafika

Ka kutloisiso e hlakile haholo ho seo liminerale li fapane le mafika, re hlalosa sebopeho sa e qetellang. Geologists khetholla lihlopha tse tharo tsa mafika ka tsela se hlahang ho yona bona:

• Seretse se chesang ha thehoa ke effusion seretse se chesang ka lefatše kapa motenya holim'a (foqoha seretse se chesang). Ba mefuta e ka sehloohong, e leng baka litšusumetso fapaneng tikoloho thehoa lihlopha bakang tse peli tse setseng. Mohlala, morema, basalt, gabbro.
• Metamorphic thehoa ke tectonic mekhatlo ea karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše. Sena se bolela hore sediments le mafika magmatic ne hape ka Lefatše motenya le teng tlas'a tšusumetso ea mocheso phahameng le ho hatelloa ke fetoloa ntseng e tsoela pele e ncha. Mohlala, gneiss, schist, 'mabole.
• Kabelo ea mafika sedimentary ikarabella ka% 10 feela. Di thehoa ka lebaka la moea o bohato ka magmatites metsi ratang ka holim'a lefatše. Mohlala, eluvium, talus, alluvium.

Sebopeho sa majoe le liminerale - haufi-ufi tla ama. Re fumana hore na liminerale li fapane le lefika, 'me re ka kholiseho re ka re hore tsena dikarolo tsa banana peels ea Earth li tla ama.