Neuroleptic - hore ... Action neuroleptics. lethathamo la neuroleptics

Neuroleptic - lithethefatsi khethehileng hore e sebelisoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ya maloetse a kelello. Ka tloaelo ho, lisebelisoa tse joalo li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho phekoloa syndromes neuropathic, psychosis, lithethefatsi hape ka sebelisoa ka lipono le. Hape, lithethefatsi antipsychotic ke e balletsweng ke ho thibela ho liponahatso tsa sehlooho tsa mafu a kelello ho batho.

Liphello e ka sehloohong ea ho lokisetsa ho

Liphello tsa neuroleptics ke litsobotsi li ngata. Ka sehloohong diokobatsi bath - e le ea mofuta ofe le phello e khutsise, e tšoauoa ka phokotso ba ikutloa ka tsela ya ho susumetsa ba bang ka ntle, ho fokolisa afeketifi tsitsipano le pherekano, e hatelloang ke tšabo, fokotseha aggressiveness. lithethefatsi Antipsychotic ka thibela lipono, delusions le matšoao a tse ling tse mafu a kelello, ba le phello e phekola bakuli ba nang le bokuli ba ho kopana hlooho le maloetse a mang psychosomatic.

Itseng lithethefatsi tsa sehlopha sena ba le mosebetsi antiemetic, ketso e sa neuroleptics e fihlellwa ka lebaka la khetha thibelo chemoreceptor thunye (lintho tse tsosang litakatso) dikarolo tsa medulla oblongata. Ba bang ba antipsychotics ka ba le sedative kapa activating (kopesa bokasi) sebediswa. tse ngata tsa likarolo ya data tšoauoa ka normotimicheskoe le bohato antidepressive.

Diokobatsi thepa ka lithethefatsi tse sa tšoaneng neuroleptic e bontša ho likhato fapaneng. Ha e kopana le phello mathomo antipsychotic le thepa tse ding e hlalosa profil ea tshusumetso bona 'me ho bonahala.

Joang antipsychotics?

Antipsychotics - lithethefatsi tse nyahamisa tšusumetso e ka reticular sebopeho ea boko. ya data lithethefatsi Action boetse bo amahanngoa le tšusumetso ka ketsahalo e le tšoere nyakallo ka maqhama a fapaneng ba tsamaiso ea e bohareng le e pheriferale tšohile. Kajeno, ka ho fetisisa o ile a ithuta ke phello ea neuroleptics e le mokena-lipakeng tšusumetso e ka le thulaganyo ya boko. Bo-rasaense ba bokeletseng ya data lekaneng ka liphello tsa mahlahana tsena ka adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, le GABAergic neurotransmitter dithulaganyo tse ling tse akarelletsang phello neuropeptide le tsamaiso boko. Haholo-holo nako e ngata sa tsoa fuoa tshebetso ya ho sebelisana tsa dopamine dibopeho boko le neuroleptics. Ha thibelo ea mosebetsi mokena-lipakeng oa dopamine bonahala litla ka sehloohong lehlakoreng la lithethefatsi tsena li ka, develops thoeng neuroleptic syndrome, tšoauoa ka lefu la extrapyramidal, mohlala, tse kang involuntary mesifa e honyele, akathisia (restlessness), parkinsonism (tremor, mesifa se tenyetsehe), restlessness, feberu . e le hantle ena e fihlellwa ka lebaka la phello e thibela ya neuroleptics ka dibopeho subcortical tsa boko moo localized palo e kholo ea receptors tse nahanela dopamine.

Bontša litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi antipsychotic - e ke lekhetlo le bakeng sa khalemelo ea phekolo 'me ha ho khethoa correctors khethehileng (lithethefatsi "Akineton", "Cyclodol").

pharmacodynamics

Neuroleptic - ka lithethefatsi, a sebetsa ka receptors bohareng dopamine qholotsa ba bang ba mafu a endocrine, ho akarelletsa le ba tlas'a tšusumetso ea bona e Stimulating diabolololo. Ha thibela neuroleptics pituitary dopamine receptors ntlafatsoa secretion ea prolactin. Ho nka bohato ka hypothalamus le, lithethefatsi tsena li ka thibela metsoako ea secretion ea khōlo ea li-hormone le corticotropin.

Antipsychotics - lithethefatsi hore na batlang e le khutšoanyane halofo bophelo 'meleng,' me ka mor'a tsamaiso e le 'ngoe, ba na le nako e khutšoanyane sebediswa. Bo-rasaense ba ke bōpile lithethefatsi e khethehileng le nako e telele bohato ( "DITT depo", "Geloperidola decanoate," "Piportil L4", "klopiksol depo"). antipsychotics ba atisa ho kopantswe le mong le e tse ling hoseng noa lithethefatsi tse susumetsang le hantle, ka bobeli - ka sedative. E le hore a utloa ho re kokololo ho afeketifi-delusional syndrome, e kgothaletswa ho nka ka antidepressants kopanelo le antipsychotics.

ho bonahala

Kamohelo antipsychotics balletsweng, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho phekola nozogeny paranoid liphetoho (nahanela liphetoho) le sa foleng somatoform bohloko ho hloka taolo.

Le melao ea tsamaiso prescribing ya data

kalafo neuroleptic e qadile le se mahareng eang phekolo lethal dose, 'me joale ho hlahloba e le hantle' me ba etsa qeto ea hore ho hlokahala ho fetola litekanyetso li behoa. The litekanyetso li behoa ea neuroleptics potlako hōlileng ka ho boholo itseng, e leng e ka nako eo butle-butle fokotswa ka linako tse 3-5, le phekolo e ba e tlhaku-ba khahlanong le thekga.. Fetola abeloa palo ea lithethefatsi ke tieo motheong motho ka mong. Ka tekanyetso ya tlhokomelo feta ka mor'a hore ba finyelle batlang e le hantle phekolo. Tsamaisa phekolo-ba khahlanong le khutlela mokhoeng molemo ho lithethefatsi hore ba nke khato ka nako e telele. Mokhoa oa tsamaiso ea lithethefatsi psychotropic ke ea bohlokoa. Ka qalong ea phekolo, tsamaiso parenteral buelloa oo oa liphallelo matšoao le hlaha ka potlako (intravenous bolus, intravenous rothele, intramuscular). Ho feta moo ka go tlhaolega ka molomo nka neuroleptics. Lethathamo la lithethefatsi le atlehang ka ho fetisisa o tla fuoa tlase.

Lithethefatsi "Propazin"

sesebelisoa sena e na le phello sedative, ho fokotsa ho tšoenyeha le ho locomotor mosebetsi. Meriana sebelisitsoeng ka mafu a borderline ka bakuli ba mafu a somatic, haeba ho na le tšoenyang, phobic maloetse, Babella. Nka le moriana hare makhetlo a 2-3 ka letsatsi, ka 25 mg, haeba ho hlokahala - lethal dose ea ka e ile ea eketseha ho fihlela ho 100-150 mg, ka ho ya ka letsatsi. Ha u sebelisa tekanyetso e nyenyane ea le liponahatso tsa lefu Parkinson, joalokaha le busa, e sa a hlokomela.

Lithethefatsi "Etaperazin"

Antipsychotic moriana o nang le activating sebetsa mme ama syndromes hore ba tšoauoa ka lethargy, pherekano, lethargy. Ho phaella moo, lithethefatsi "Etaperazin" e sebediswa bakeng sa kalafo ya neuroses, a tsamaea le ho imeloa kelellong, ho tšaba, ho tšoenyeha. The lethal dose ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea moriana o le e 20 mg,.

Le bolela "Triftazin"

Protivobredovym lithethefatsi e na le phello tshwaileng e lopollang mafu hallucinatory. The moriana o na le ka tsela e itekanetseng hlasimollang (kopesa bokasi) sebediswa. E ka sebediswa ea ho phekola ba ho tepella maikutlo atypical le lipono tse makatsang tsa lemalla ntho e itseng. Bakeng sa ho phekoloa mafu a somatoform moriana "Triftazin" ho kopantswe le antidepressants le kelello. The litekanyetso li behoa ea moriana o ke 20-25 mg, ka ho ya ka letsatsi.

Lithethefatsi "teralen"

The moriana o nang le tsona mosebetsi antihistaminic le neuroleptic. Ho lokisetsa "teralen" ke sedative le bonolo 'me o na le phello e ntle ka sinestopaticheski ipohondricheskih matšoao Moeli o ingodisa le matšoao psychosomatic hore hlahisa khahlanong somatogenic tšoaetsanoang, liponahatso vascular ka pathologies neuro. Ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka ikwetlisetse gerontological le Pediatrics. Recommended bakeng sa ho sebelisoa maloetse alejiki le liso tsa ka maleng letlalo. Lithethefatsi ka hare ho 10-40 mg, ka letsatsi, intramuscularly sebelisoa e le tharollo 0.5%.

Le bolela "Tiridazin"

Lithethefatsi ba le phello antipsychotic le phello e thobang ntle bakang robatseng le lethargy. Hape, moriana o fana ka e leka-lekaneng timolepticheskoe bohato. The pheko atlehang ka ho fetisisa ka e bontša maikutlo rastrojstvah, tšoauoa ka ho imeloa kelellong, ho tšoenyeha tsoheloa. Ka ho phekola maemo borderline sebediswa 40-100 mg, ea lithethefatsi ka ho ya ka letsatsi. Ha liketsahalo tse kang neurasthenia, teneha, ho tšoenyeha neurogenic tshebetso gastrointestinal le mafu a pelo le methapo a noa meriana makhetlo a 2-3 ka letsatsi, ka 5/10/25 mg,. Premenstrual tšohile boloetse - makhetlo a 1-2 ka letsatsi le 25 mg,.

Lithethefatsi "Chlorprothixenum"

meriana Antipsychotic le na le phello e sedative, eketsa liphello tsa lithethefatsi hypnotic. Sebelisa lithethefatsi maemong a psychoneurotic tšoauoa ka tšabo, ho tšoenyeha. Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e ho bontšitsoe neurosis, ho akarelletsa le khahlanong le semelo sa mafu a sa tšoaneng somatic, maloetse a boroko, liso tsa ka maleng letlalo, boemo subdepressive. e bolela ba 5-10-15 mg, lethal dose, nka meriana ka mor'a lijo makhetlo a 3-4 ka letsatsi.

Lithethefatsi "Flyuanksol"

sesebelisoa ena e na le antidepressive, activating, anxiolytic sebediswa. Ka ho phekola e re tepelletsang nka apathic 0.5-3 mg, ea lithethefatsi ka ho ya ka letsatsi. Bakeng sa ho phekoloa mafu a psychosomatic le subdepression, asthenia, hypochondriacal liponahatso letsatsi lethal dose ke 3 mg,. Moriana o "Flyuanksol" hase eena ea bakang boroko motšehare le ha e na phello tsepame.

Le bolela "Eglonil"

Lithethefatsi taolo e le hantle ka CNS, o na le ka tsela e itekanetseng neuroleptic mosebetsi, e leng e ho kopantswe le tse ling antidepressant le litla stimulant. E e sebelisoa ka maemo a tse tšoauoa ka bofokoli, lethargy, anergy. Sebelisa ka bakuli ba somatoform, somatisation mafu ka semelo subdepressive feto-fetoha 'me letlalo maloetse, a tsamaea le ho hlohlona. meriana ena e ka ho khetheha o ile a bontša hore e sebelisoe bakuli eo ho na le mofuta o patiloeng ba ho tepella maikutlo, senestopaticheskie ho hloka taolo. E boetse e khothalletsa hore ho sebelisa lithethefatsi "Eglonil" le ho tepella maikutlo le ho phatlalatsoa cephalgic lefu, ho ba teng ha sensations joalo joaloka molikoalikoane le migraine. sesebelisoa sa hape e na le phello cytoprotective ka mucosa gastric, kahoo, ho e sebediswa bakeng sa ho phekola maemo a kang gastritis, duodenal seso le mala, ho teneha feela mantle a syndrome,, lefu Crohn e. The lethal dose kgothaletswa - 50-100 mg, ka letsatsi, ka lethal dose ea letsatsi le letsatsi le ka ho eketsehileng ho 150-200 mg, haeba ho hlokahala. Meriana ka nkoa hammoho le sedating antidepressants.

Lehlakoreng liphello tsa neuroleptics

Joaloka lithethefatsi tse ling tse leha e le efe, likarolo tse sa khothatseng, 'me antipsychotics, lekodisisa bao ba sebelisoa ho bolela joalo li bontša ho khoneha ntshetsopeleng ya litla boima. Nako e telele tšebeliso kapa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi tsena li ka etsa hore liketsahalo tsena tse latelang:

• All tshisinyo potlakisa, motho a ka ho hloka toka e tsamaea ka litaelo tse sa tšoaneng, hangata ka lebelo le holimo. Fumana felisa mehopolo Babella, kokobela, fumana maemo a phutholohile, o ka feela ka mor'a hore baeti ba fihlelang ho ea lithethefatsi psychotropic.

• Ho na le ke mokhatlo oa kamehla thaka tsa ka, mesifa ea sefahleho le likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tsa 'mele, grimacing.

• Ka lebaka la ho timetsoa ha mesifa ea sefahleho fetola makgetheng hae. "Bo sokameng" motho a ka 'mohla kgutlele ho tloaelehileng, lula le motho ho fihlela lefung la hae.

• Ka lebaka la ho neuroleptics matla tlhokomelo le khatello ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo develops ho tepella maikutlo ka matla, eo haholo e ama ho atleha ha kalafo ya.

• Neuroleptic - lithethefatsi hore e na le phello e tobileng ka pampitšana ea gastrointestinal, kahoo le meriana ya data kalafo 'na ba ikutloa mala boemong bo sa thabiseng, molomo omileng.

• Joalo dintho tse etsang neuroleptics ka thioxanthene le phenothiazine, hampe ama pono ea motho.

antipsychotics atypical

lithethefatsi tse joalo ba le phello e khōlō ho receptors serotonin feta dopamine. Ka lebaka leo, anxiolytic le sedative phello e ba na le lebisitsoeng ho feta antipsychotic. Ka lehlakoreng le leng ho neuroleptics tloaelehileng, ba ka tlaase ho moo ama bokong.

Nahana ka lintlha tse ka sehloohong atypical antipsychotics.

Moriana o "Sulpiride"

lithethefatsi ena e sebediswa bakeng sa kalafo ya maemo a kang mafu somatized kelello, hypochondriacal, senestopaticheskie syndromes. The moriana o nang le phello ea activating ketso.

Lithethefatsi "Solian"

The bohato oa sesebelisoa sena ke tšoanang le oa ho lokisetsa fetileng. E e sebelisoa ka maemo le hypobulia, liponahatso thahaselle e le hore cupping mafu hallucinatory-delusional.

Le bolela "Clozapine"

Lithethefatsi na le tšoauoa le phello sedative, empa hase eena ea bakang ho tepella maikutlo. Used lithethefatsi ka phekoloa syndromes catatonic le hallucinatory-delusional.

Le bolela "Olanzalin"

Lithethefatsi e sebelisoa ka mafu a psychotic le lefu catatonic. Ka tšebeliso nako e telele tsebeliso ea lithethefatsi ho ka ntshetsa pele botenya.

Lithethefatsi "Risperidone"

Sena se bolela hore atypical sebediswa ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng. Elective lithethefatsi ba le phello khahlanong le matšoao a hallucinatory-delirious, catatonic letšoao, Babella-lemalla ho hloka taolo.

Le bolela "Rispolept-Consta"

Ena ke nako e telele-ho nka bohato meriana hore stabilizes bakuli bophelo. Hape ho bolela e bontša phahameng bohlokwa ba tsamaiso khahlanong le a hlobaetsang le hallucinatory-paranoid syndromes endrogennogo Genese.

Moriana o "Quetiapine"

lithethefatsi ena, joaloka antipsychotics tse ling atypical, ama bobeli dopamine le ka receptors seratoninovye. E sebelisitsoeng ka eona ka paranoid, hallucinatory syndromes, ferekane kelellong thabo. Meriana e na le antidepressant le tekano le bitsoa stimulatory sebediswa.

Lithethefatsi "Ziprasidone"

Ho bolela litšusumetso le dopamine D-2 receptors, le 5-HT-2 receptor le masakana le reuptake tsa norepinephrine le serotonin. Ho ea etsang qeto katleho ea eona e leng ho phekoloa mafu a hlobaetsang le hallucinatory-delusional le afeketifi. Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e contraindicated ka ho ba teng ha arrhythmias le tsela e sa tloaelehang ea tsamaiso ea pelo le methapo.

Le bolela "Aripiprazole"

moriana e sebelisoa ka mefuta eohle ea mafu a psychotic. Lithethefatsi thusa ho tsosolosa mosebetsi dikopanothutano ka phekolo bokuli ba ho kopana hlooho.

Le bolela "Sertindole"

Dirisega moriana o ha e re inertly-apathic, lithethefatsi ntlafatsa mosebetsi dikopanothutano, o na mosebetsi antidepressant. Ka tšebeliso hloko moriana "Sertindole" ka lefu la pelo - ka etsa hore arrhythmia.

Lithethefatsi "Invega"

moriana thibelago aggravation catatonic, hallucinatory-delusional, matšoao psychotic ka bakuli ba bokuli ba ho kopana hlooho.

Lehlakoreng liphello tsa antipsychotics atypical

Bohato ba lithethefatsi tse kang "Clozapine" "olanzapine" "Risperidone", "Ariprazol" lipono tse makatsang e tsamaea le bohlokoa neyrolepsii le endocrine liphetoho tse ka etsang hore ho nona, ntshetsopele bulimia, eketsa boemo ba li-hormone tse ling (prolactin). Ka ho phekola meriana "Clozapine" ho ka ba le sethoathoa le agranulocytosis. Amohelana le bolela "Quetiapine" hangata bakela ho otsela, hlooho e opang, e ile ea eketseha sebete transaminases, ho eketseha ha boima ba 'mele.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore kajeno, bo-rasaense ba bokeletseng lesedi lekaneng ho bontša hore bophahamo ba antipsychotics atypical fetang e tloaelehileng ha ho joalo bohlokoa. Le ho amohela bona ba abeloa ha u sebelisa neuroleptics tloaelehileng haholo ntlafatsa boemo ba mokuli ha a re.

A khaotsa ho tsuba ba neuroleptics

Joaloka meriana leha e le efe e nang le lisebelisoa tsa kelello, lithethefatsi tsa "neuroleptic" li etsa hore motho a be le maikutlo a matla a kelello le 'meleng. Ho tlosoa ho hoholo ha lithethefatsi ho ka etsa hore ho be le ts'oaetso e tebileng, ho tepella maikutlong. Motho o ba le mamello haholo, a bososela. Hape, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le matšoao a lefu lena, bakeng sa phekolo ea li-neuroleptics tse sebelisitsoeng.

Ho latela maikutlo a pono, litšoantšo le ho tlosoa ha methapo ea pelo li tšoana le matšoao ha lithethefatsi li felisoa: motho o na le bothata masapong, o na le bothata ba ho opeloa ke hlooho, ho hlobaela. Nosea, letšollo le mathata a mang a mala a ka 'na a hlaha.

Ho itšetleha ka kelello ha ho lumelle motho hore a lahle tšebeliso ea chelete ena, hobane o hlokofatsoa ke tšabo ea ho khutlela bophelong bo sithabetsang, bo tepeletseng.

Nka khaotsa ho nka methapo ea meriana ntle le ho senya boemo ba ka bo tloaelehileng ba bophelo bo botle? Ntlha ea pele, u lokela ho tseba hore tšebeliso ea li-antipsychotics ntle le lengolo la lengolo la ngaka e hanyetsanoa. Ke setsebi se nang le phihlelo feela se khona ho hlahloba boemo ba mokuli ka ho lekaneng le ho fana ka phekolo e hlokahalang. Hape, ngaka e tla fana ka litlhahiso mabapi le ho fokotsa lebelo la meriana e jeoang. Tekanyo ea lithethefatsi e lokela ho fokotsa butle-butle, ntle le ho etsa hore motho a se ke a utloisisa hantle. Ho feta moo, setsebi se fana ka lithibela-mafu tse tla tšehetsa maikutlo a mokuli 'me li tla sitisa nts'etso-pele ea ho tepella maikutlong.

Leuroleptic ke meriana e sebelisetsoang ho tloaela boemo ba motho ba kelello. Leha ho le joalo, ho qoba ntlafatso ea litla-morao, etsa bonnete ba hore u latela litlhahiso tsa ngaka 'me u se ke ua iphekola. E-ba le phetseng hantle!