Modernization ke eng? Tlhaloso le litšobotsi mantlha

ke modernization (modernization) eng? poleloana e reng The le tsoa ho French lentsoe moderne, e bolelang "ea kajeno", "e ncha". Tlas'a modernization sa ho ne ho bolela tshebetso update lam, ka ho ya ka ditlhoko tsa mehleng ena. Synonymes ba ho ntlafatsa, update lam, ntlafatsa.

Lentsoe lena le sebelisitsoe ka kamanong le le thulaganyo phedisano le dipolotiki ho ntshetsa pele lefatšeng, liphetoho tsa moruo lefatše le tsela ea bophelo ea lichaba tsa linaheng tse sa tšoaneng, hammoho le ho bua ka tsoelo-pele eo botekgeniki le ntlafatso ya dithulaganyo tlhahiso.

Modernization ea tlhahiso ke ntlafatso ya dithulaganyo theknoloji, ho ntshetsa pele le selelekela ea thepa e ncha, thepa, dithekeniki le mekhoa ea tlhahiso, gogolo tsa dithulaganyo tlhahiso ea ho latela litlhoko tsa morao-rao.

Ha re ntse re tseba ho tloha tseleng ea histori, tlhahiso modernization ba inextricably amahanngoa le le thulaganyo ya ho tsosolosa le ho nchafatsa sechabeng. Le ho bokella liphetoho ya boleng ka dithulaganyo tlhahiso na ke modernization ke keng ea qojoa ea moruo, ha e ntse e akarelletsa le butle-butle etsolloa phetoho bophelong le boikutlo ba kelello ea sechaba.

Khopolo ea modernization kena tšebeliso bohareng ba tse lekholo tse fetileng, ha bo-rasaense ba ea sechaba li hlahlobisisa methati ea ho hōla ea sechaba ho tloha setso ea setso ea bapatriareka eo rena lilemong tsa bo-XVIII, ka tsela ea eona agrarian ea bophelo le tsamaiso ea sechaba le tsa lipolotiki mefuta ea kajeno ea mokhatlo poso-liindasteri le tse fapa-fapaneng tsa lona kaofela ha likamano tsa sechaba le lineano tsa setso. Ka 50-ogy ea XX modernization khopolo e ileng ba bōptjoa, e araba potso ea hore na modernization mabapi le se etsahalang mosebetsing oa ho ea lefatše lohle ea ho Company.

Ho latela khopolo ena, modernization - apdeite tsa likamano tsa sechaba, e leng e bontšoa ka phetoho ea ho tloha e feudal ea ka tsela ea kajeno ea mofuta bophelo liindasteri. makgetheng lona bath:

- eketsa dipharologano fa le ee rileng ya mosebetsi;

- eketseha bureaucratization ha tlhahiso;

- ho hlaha ya ditheo tsa sechaba le tsa lipolotiki tsa mofuta o le morao-rao;

- eketseha tsamaiso le individualism ka likelello tsa batho;

- fetola tsamaiso ea setso le melao ea boitšoaro (tokisetso ea lelapa, ka tumelo, joalo-joalo ...).

Share tharo ntshetsopeleng sethaleng sa modernization (qetellong ea XVIII ho mathoasong a lilemo tsa XX, halofo e qalang ea lekholo la lilemo la XX le 70s ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli ho ea mathoasong a lekholo ena). Ho na le tse peli tsa dikai la ntlha la oona. dagelever ena. N. westernization le feta se ea mohlala.

ke modernization "ka Bophirimela" (kapa Westernization) eng? E hlalosoa e le le selelekela ea tsela Bophirimela ea bophelo, setso le theknoloji e le hore ea sechaba linaheng tse tsoelang pele (hangata ka kolone). Tšoasa-up ea mohlala relies ka madirelong ka eo e akarelletsa ho "hula ka" boemo ba linaheng tse underdeveloped ho ntshetswa pele.

Modernization khopolo e atisa ho tšoauoa liphoso. liqoso, haholo-holo taba ena - ho bahanyetsi ba khopolo ena pheha khang ea hore modernization ka senya tloaelo thehilwe kamano eo, ha ka ho haha e ncha ho e-na, ke hore, eo ho thoeng ke ea poso-liindasteri setjhabeng ke ke ba le melao e tataisang hlakile kelello ... Empa e lokela ho utloisisa hore modernization ha fana ka maikutlo a khetheng latola 'me ho felisoa ha melao ea boitšoaro tse tloaelehileng. Ho fapana le hoo, ka ho fetisisa litso phela lineano hantle khale le e ncha, eo e khothalletsa setjhabeng ho ntshetsopeleng eketsehileng.

ke modernization tsa setjhabeng Russia, eo jarelang moelelo oa lentsoe lena mabapi le naha ea rōna ke efe? ka taba ena e ho pharaletseng tšohloa ha feela mona, empa lefatšeng ka bophara, e le qalo ea phehisanong le beha sehlooho se tsebahalang "Russia, fetisetsa!" D. A. Medvedeva. The libakeng tse ka sehloohong sa liphetoho tse hlokahalang Russia unconditionally o ile a hlokomela:

- hore ho hlokahala hore botekgeniki botjha thepa ea tlhahiso, selelekela tsa theknoloji e ncha k'homphieutha, ntlafatso ea sebetsa le ho phela maemo tsa Marussia;

- phetoho ka ea sechaba ea mohlala sechabeng - thuto liphetoho ntshetsopele, le kgolo ya mokga wa poraefete, fokotsa karolo ea 'muso ea boemong a moruo;

- ntoa e khahlanong le bobolu li ile 'me a haha mokhatlo oa molao e thehiloeng;

- ea liphetoho tsa makala, ea sechaba, ea reretsoeng ho ntlafatsa litekanyetso bophelo ba baahi.