Archimedes lebotho la

Le tsusumetso e Archimedes hōletse lelapeng la thuto ea lipalo, o ile a fumana e thuto e babatsehang ea Alexandria 'me ba phela bophelo bohle ba hae ka toropong Sicilian tsa Syracuse. O ile a fetoha mothehi oa nyenyenyane mogopolofela, katleho sebelitse ka bothata ba ho fumana sebaka sa phaphamala le bophahamo ba modumo tsa dibopeho le 'mele e sa tšoaneng. Hangata e hopola polelo ea hae e tummeng, "Mphe sebaka ho ema 'me ke tla re susumelletsa hore Lefatše!"' Me lekhotsa "Eureka!" Ha a bula molao, e mong ea bitsoang ka mor'a lebitso la hae. Empa, ho phaella moo, e ne e le rasaense ea e ikhethang naheng ea lipalo, geometry le nyenyenyane, 'me le boenjiniere li finyeletseng hae ba ne ba e hlollang mehleng ea sebete se kang sa mehopolo le diphetho haholo. O ile a haha e catapult le vysokopritselnym lahlele ba tsamaiso ea lona mochine le literata-letsoho dumella ho phahamisa sekepe ka holimo metsi, 'me ba qapa le literata solntseotrazhayuschih liipone secheso ea likepe ea Roma nakong ea thibella ea Syracuse.

Har'a tse sibolotsoeng tse ling hore connects histori le lebitso la rasaense ena e khanyang ka fisiks tla ka ho sa feleng ba lule ba lebotho Archimedes. mphumanang ena neng e amana le litlhoko tsa e sebetsang: hlokahala ho fumana hore na boramabenyane botšepehi, ho etsa moqhaka morena Hiero II. Seo hona joale se bitsoang matla a khoheli e itseng, o ne a tseba hantle esita le matsatsing ao, empa kamoo ho fumana hore na chelete e joalo sehlahisoa rarahaneng, e ne e le ha ho hlake. Legend amahanya le thata ho bula molao-motheo Archimedes 'le ho nka hlapa le bo-rasaense. Motheo oa sibolloa e itšetlehile ka 'nete ea hore' mele oa ka mokelikeli se sebetsa buoyancy tsa Archimedes, tlhaloso ea eo ke taba ea ho lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ea bayemi ea mekhoa ea ho sesa, lisebelisoeng sebetsa ka sephalli, tlas'a metsi, hammoho le lintho tse aeronautics - libalune, probes, airships, joalo-joalo .

Paakanyong khale ea molao e bolela hore buoyancy lekanang le boima ba 'mele ea mokelikeli eo displaces mele qoelisoa eona. Tlas'a ena tlhaloso moralo matšoao bonolo haholo: ha re nahana hore molumo oa 'mele qoelisoa mokelikeli ka o lekana le Uena,' me palo ea mokelikeli - leq, ebe sehlahisoa bona ke lakatsa Archimedes sebetse. The moralo bakeng sa manolotsoeng lona e ngotsoeng ka tsela e latelang:

F = leq * About

hangata haholo e leka ho beha ho teko molao-motheo Archimedes ' mabapi le likhase - segokanyipalo haholo tse sa tšoaneng tsa mokelikeli le khase. Bakeng sa batho ba belaelang ba le teko e hlokang leeme e bonolo. Ka papali ea litebele, ka moea sebakeng seo sebaka sekaleng kgolo bolo, ka mohlala, ka khalase, le litekanyo tsa tšepe ho leka-lekanya eona.

Ho joalo, moeeng boima ba bolo ba e leka-lekaneng ka boima ba ho bekha a le ka ngola abel AM = PR khotsofatsoa, hobane lintho leka-lekaneng. Haeba qalong ho nahana hore Archimedes 'molao-motheo e utloahalang a, joale boima ka bolo le matla a Archimedes FSH le FG, ebe boemo ba equilibrium ka rewritten:

Am = Rsh1 - FSH le PR = WG1 - FG moo Rsh1 WG1 le bolo boima le boima ba 'mele ka lephaka. Ka mor'a moo re tsoela pele ka rutoang sekolong: Rsh1 - PN = WG1 - FG, moo Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + Photoshop = WG1 + (F w Le - FG).

Hona joale ho hlokahala hore re - ho hlokahale hore a ka senolela dikahare tsa mabotho a buoyancy ho bolo le litekanyo: PN = leq * Osh le FY = leq * Gr.

E etsa hore tloswa makgabane ba mabotho buoyancy ka poleloana e reng ho Rsh1.

Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + PN = WG1 + (leq * Osh - leq * Gr) = WG1 + leq * (OSH - Oz).

Qetellong, re fumana tse boima ba bolo ka poleloana e reng sekoti eo, ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore Osh> Oge, siea ha ho pelaelo hore: boima ba bolo ka hlokisa boima ho feta ho boima, le hoja e le moeeng le ho ba e leka-lekaneng: Rsh1 = WG1 + leq * (Osh - Oge ).

The le lebaka la ho fihlela qeto ena ke hore matla a Archimedes itšetlehile ka boima ba 'mele e itseng a moea le bophahamo ba modumo ea boemong ka. Tabeng ena, hlahloba qeto ena haholo bonolo - e ke ho hlokahala hore di-pump moea tsoa lebokose le reng. Ha o etsa sena, o ka ka ho toba ho etsa bonnete ba hore molao o ke molao, 'me e se etsoa neng kapa neng, kae kapa kae - bobeli ka metsi' me se ka khase. Bopaki ba sena e lea ka la boleloa, le ho bekha a pele e leka-lekaneng, bolo.

Sesebediswa, eo boteng ba eona - e tsoelang pele pontšo ea molao-motheo Archimedes 'ka mefuta eohle ea eona, ke sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie. Molao oa tsamaiso ea boima ba 'mele sejana bakeng sa ho phethahala ha dikgetho tsohle ho tsamaea sebelisa tsitsisang ditanka - mohlala o hlakileng oa ho sebelisa ka ikwetlisetse e li sibolotseng ea boholo-holo haholo ka maemo a morao-rao.