Maloetseng nonspecific le itseng: cams, ho fapana

Maloetseng - lentsoe leo bakeng sa batho ba bangata ba ke hoo e ka bang ea boselamose. 'Nete ea hore e mong le e phelang o ikhethang feela ho mo liphatsa tsa lefutso lesedi lona,' me ka hona maloetseng ho mafu a mong le e mong motho ho fapane.

Ho joalo le ka seo e se - boitshireletso ba mmele?

Ka sebele, mang kapa mang ea ke tloaelane le curriculum sekolong ka baeloji, ke ka maloetseng hore - ke bokhoni ba 'mele ea ho sireletsa ka boeona e ho tloha tsohle tsoang linaheng tse ling, e le hore e, ho hanela bohato ba mahlahana a kotsi. Ho feta moo, ka bobeli ba neng ba kena 'mele ho tloha ka thoko (libaktheria, likokoana-hloko,' me likarolo tse fapa-fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale), 'me ba tse thehoa ka' mele, tse kang lisele tse kankere kapa bafu le senyehile. ntho efe kapa efe e nang le e tsoang linaheng tse ling lesedi liphatsa tsa lefutso, ke antigen hore e ka ho toba le fetolela - "-ba khahlanong le liphatsa tsa lefutso." maloetseng itseng le nonspecific e fane ka setshehetso sa le hokahangoa tšebetso ea 'mele le bona bo ikarabellang bakeng sa ho hlahisa lintho tse itseng le lisele ka potlako ba hlokomela hore' mele oa hae, 'me seo - tsoang linaheng tse ling,' me ka ho lekaneng ho araba tlhaselo e 'ngoe.

Lisireletsi le karolo ea bona 'meleng

boitshireletso ba mmele qalong amohela e antigen, ebe o leka ho e felisa. Tabeng ena 'mele o hlahisa khethehileng sebopeho protheine - antibody. Ba ema bakeng sa ha ingested pathogen efe kapa efe. Lisireletsi - le liprotheine khethehileng (immunoglobulins), e hlahisoang ke leukocytes ho kokobetsa ho nang le monyetla kotsi antigens - likokoana-hloko, chefo, lisele tse kankere.

Ke ho ba teng ha lisireletsi, le ho hlahisa maikutlo a bona a ikemiselitse ke ditirisanommogo ka, 'mele oa motho e le tšoaetso kapa che, le hore na e na le maloetseng lekaneng (itseng le nonspecific) khahlanong le lefu le itseng. Ho fumana lisireletsi tse itseng maling, ho ka etsahala se feela ho ba le kamano qeto e mabapi le ho ba teng ha tshwaetso kapa malignancy, empa hape ho fumana mofuta oa eona. Ho ka qeto ea hore na ho ba teng ha lisireletsi ho likokoana-hloko plurality tsa mafu a itseng thehiloeng liteko tekotshupo le metsoako. Ka mohlala, ha ELISA sampole ea mali e tsoakane le antigen pele lokisitseng. Haeba ho na le karabelo, ho bolela hore lisireletsi ea 'mele ea ba teng le ho eena, ka hona, le moemeli a le mong.

Mefuta e fapaneng ya tshireletso boitshireletso

Ka simolohile latelang mefuta maloetseng: itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng. Ea bobeli ke congenital le laela khahlanong le ntho efe kapa efe e 'ngoe.

Nonspecific maloetseng - rarahaneng likarolo sireletsang phelang, e leng, le eena, arotsoe ka mefuta e 4.

1. Ke likarolo phetha molao (amang ho letlalo le mucous lera la, eyelashes, ho na le e thimola, ho khohlela).
2. The lik'hemik'hale (acid e mofufutso, meokho le mathe, lero nasal).
3. Ke mabaka a humoral la ho ruruha mohato hlobaetsang (tsamaiso motlatsi, coagulation, lactoferrin le transferrin, interferons, lysozyme).
4. Ho sele (phagocytes, likoluoa tsa tlhaho 'molai lisele tse).

maloetseng itseng e bitsoa e fumanweng kapa etsehang. E lebisitsoe ho kgethilweng dintho tsoang linaheng tse ling le ho bontša ka boeona e ka mefuta e 'meli - the humoral le lisele.

Itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng maloetseng, mekgwa lona

Nahana ka, e fapana ho e mong le tse ling tse bobeli mefuta e sa tšireletso tsa likokoana-hloko ea lintho tse phelang. Bao e seng e itseng le itseng mekgwa boitshireletso ba arotsoe ka tekanyo ea itšoara joang le khato. Lintlha tsa maloetseng tsa tlhaho qala ho sireletsa hang-hang, e le hang ha ho pathogen kenella ka hare ho ka letlalo kapa mucosa, 'me u se ke ua boloka ya memori ea sebelisana le kokoana-hloko. Ba sebetsa ho pholletsa le nako ea ntoa ea phelang ho tshwaetso, empa ka tsela e atlehang haholo - ka pele matsatsi a mane ka mor'a hore kokoana-hloko ea kena ebe e-ea mosebetsing le mekgwa ya maloetseng itseng. The basireletsi khōlō ea phelang ho tloha likokoana-hloko nakong ea maloetseng bao e seng e itseng ke lymphocytes le interferon. lisele tse Natural molai lemoha le ho felisa lisele tse nang le tšoaetso ke tshwaetso abelwa cytotoxins. Sesosa qetela etselitsoe seleng ea ho bolaea.

E le mohlala oa re ka nahana ka mochine oa ketso ea interferon. Ha tshwaetso e bongata ba kokwanahloko, lisele tsa tsona li synthesize interferon le lokolle hore e be sebaka se pakeng tsa lisele tsa, moo ho e tlama ho receptors ea lisele tse ling tse phetseng hantle. Latelang sebelisana bona liseleng uchalichivaetsya tswakana tse pedi enzyme e ncha synthetase le protheine, pele oa oona e thibela ho tswakana liprotheine bongata ba kokwanahloko, 'me ea bobeli cleaves baditjhaba RNA. Ka lebaka leo, ba bang ba bongata ba kokwanahloko tšoaetso ea kamoreng e ka mokoallo thehoa ho tswa ho lisele tse uninfected.

maloetseng tlhaho le maiketsetso

Itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng tlhaho sesole sa 'mele e arotsoe tlhaho le maiketsetso. E mong le e ba bona ba sebetsang kapa etseng letho. Natural fumana tsela ea tlhaho. Natural lefu a sebetsang a bonahalang ka mor'a phekoloa. Ka mohlala, batho ba 'nileng ba utloisoa bohloko ke lefu la seoa, eseng le tšoaetso ea tlhokomelo ea mokuli. Natural etseng letho - placental colostral, transovarial.

maloetseng maiketsetso e hlokometse ka lebaka la selelekela ka phelang ea microorganisms attenuated kapa ba bolaoa. Maiketsetso a sebetsang a hlaha ka mor'a ente. Maiketsetso etseng letho fumanweng sebelisa serum. Le a sebetsang a phelang baka lisireletsi feela ka lebaka la lefu kapa matla a entoa. Ho tsitsitseng haholoanyane le nako e telele-e sa feleng, a ka phehella ka lilemo tse ngata kapa esita le bophelo bohle. maloetseng etseng letho e fihlellwa sebelisa lisireletsi artificially kenyelletsoa ke entoa. Ho ka tlase e pharaletseng, ho sebetsa ka mor'a banyalani ba bang ba qeta lihora tse ngata ka mor'a tsamaiso ya lisireletsi le nka ho tloha libeke tse 'maloa ho likhoeli.

Itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng maloetseng se tšoane

maloetseng bao e seng e itseng e bitsoa tlhaho, liphatsa tsa lefutso. thepa ena ke ntho e phelang hore e liphatsa tsa lefutso se futsitseng ke baemeli ba mefuta ena. Mohlala, ho na le ke a itsireletse maloetseng tsa botho ho ntja le Rat mafu a seoa. maloetseng tlhaho ka fokolisoa ke ts'ebetso ea ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lijo kapa tlala. maloetseng tlhaho e hlokomela ka monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, neutrophils. Itseng le nonspecific maloetseng lintlha le nako fapaneng. Itseng bonahatsoa matsatsi a 4 hamorao, tswakana tsa lisireletsi itseng le sebopeho sa T-lymphocytes. Ha sena se butswe ka sebopeho sa immunological memoring ya T- le B-memoring ya lisele tse ka pathogen itseng. Immunological memori kapa e bolokwa tswelela pele le ke liboto tsa atlehang haholoanyane mahareng bohato 'mele. E thehiloe thepa ena ea bokhoni ba ente ho thibela mafu a tšoaetsanoang.

maloetseng itseng e reretsoe ho sireletsa 'mele, e leng e bōpiloe ka nako ya ntshetsopele ya motho phelang nakong ea bophelo ba lona. Ha tse fatang maikutlo ka 'mele e fetisisang chelete lefu likokoana-hloko ho ka' na ho attenuated, le hoja lefu la tla etsahala ka foromo bobebe.

ke sesole sa 'mele oa lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa ke efe?

Re mpa re hlahile ngoana se teng maloetseng nonspecific le itseng, e leng butle-butle eketsa letsatsi le letsatsi. Likhoeling pele ea bophelo ba lesea ho na le ho thusa bo-'mè lisireletsi, oo a neng a ile a fumana ho tswa ho mo ka placenta ho, 'me joale o fumana hammoho le lebese. maloetseng ena etseng letho, ha ho manganga le ho sireletsa lesea ho fihlela ka dikgwedi tse 6. Ka lebaka leo, ngoana e sa tsoa tsoaloa ea sa hlaheloeng ke tšoaetso ea kang maselese e bitsoang rubella, feberu sekareleta, mumps le ba bang.

Butle-butle, hammoho le ente e, le sesole sa 'mele oa ngoana ea tla ithuta ho hlahisa lisireletsi le ho hanela mahlahana a tšoaetsanoang ka lithahasello tsa bona, empa ho etsa joalo e telele le ea botho haholo. Sebopeho e qetellang ea boitshireletso ba mmele wa ngoana e phetha a le lilemo li tharo. ngoana A tlaase ho lilemo tse boitshireletso ba mmele e sa ka ho feletseng thehoa, e le lesea le ke batlang e le kholoanyane ho feta motho e moholo bonolo hore libaktheria tse ngata 'me likokoana-hloko. Empa sena ha se bolele hore 'mele oa ka ho feletseng mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa le qetang ho hlaha, o khona ho hanela qholotsang a mangata a tšoaetsanoang.

Hang-hang ka mor'a ho beleha ngoana e shebileng ba 'me qetellong a ithuta ho phela le bona, ho hlahisa lisireletsi sireletsang. Butle-butle likokoana-hloko kolone ea ka intestine potsanyane, arola ka thuso ho thusa tshilo ya dijo le bobe, hore ha e iponahatsa ho fihlela robehileng microflora ho leka-lekana. Ka mohlala, likokoana-hloko kolone ea ka lera la mucous tsa nasopharynx le tonsils, ibid hlahisa antibody sireletsang. Ha ho kenella ka hare ea tšoaetso ea 'mele se ntse se lisireletsi khahlanong le eona, kapa ha e ntshetsa pele le lefu lena, kapa fetela le ka tsela e bonolo. Ka thepa ena, 'mele o thehiloeng liente e thibelang.

bofello

E lokela ho a hopola hore e nonspecific le itseng maloetseng - mosebetsi liphatsa tsa lefutso, ke hore, e mong le 'mele oa etsa hore ho hlokahala bakeng sa lintho tse ngata tse fapaneng e sireletsang,' me haeba ho ke ke ka ho lekaneng, batho ba bang ena - ha ho joalo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e mong ka dispense ho feletseng ho bonyane ho hlokahala, ha ho motho e mong eo 'mele se sireletsang tla hloka lintho tse ngata. Ho phaella moo, liphetoho e etsahalang 'meleng, ke ho hloka botsitso ka ho lekaneng, ho tloha mosebetsi oa la boitshireletso ba mmele - mohato o sa khaotseng le ho itšetlehile ka mefuta e fapaneng ya lintlha ka hare le ka ntle.