Lymphoid dinama tse nyenyane tse 'me karolo ea sona se hanyetsang rona ho mafu a

Letsatsi le letsatsi, 'mele oa motho o na le ho sebetsana le ho kenella ka hare ka' mele oa mefuta e fapaneng ya mahlahana a tsoang linaheng tse ling. Pathogenic microorganisms, likokoana-hloko, li-fungus le likokoana-hloko fumana re ka letlalo senyehile, tsamaiso tshilong ya dijo le lera la mucous ea nko le qoqotho le ho etsa hore mafu a sa tšoaneng. и в дословном переводе означает "освобождать от чего-нибудь") мы защищаемся от такого масштабного вторжения. Le feela ka lebaka la hore a itsireletse maloetseng ea (lentsoe derives ho tswa ho immunitas le Latin le hantle le bolela "ho lokolla ho tloha le letho"), re sireletsa itsebang kateng ho tloha e joalo e tlhaselo khōlō. bohlokoa haholo e bapaloang ke sa dinama tse nyenyane tse lymphoid, e le aloang ho pholletsa le 'mele' me ka palo yohle 1% ka boima ba 'mele ea' mele kaofela. Ho joalo le ka ho eng?

tlhaloso

tse sa tšoaneng e 'ngoe ea dinama tse nyenyane tse connective eo ho eona ho ke tsamaiso ea macrophages le lymphocytes, e bitsoang lymphoid. E ka a emela ka sebōpeho sa litho tse ka bomong, 'me ka' na ua ba karolo sebetsa ea 'mele. Lymphoid dinama tse nyenyane tse fumanoang ka makala tse kang lesapo moko le spleen, lisele tsa mmele nodes le thymus. Ka bona hore na e sebetsa parenchyma.

The mucosa ba bang ba boholong a boela a fumana accumulations tsa lymphoid dinama tse nyenyane tse - le bronchi, pampitšana mosese, liphio, mala le ba bang.

mesebetsi

Ka itšoara joang tsohle sireletsang ea karolo e botlaaseng nka lymphoid dinama tse nyenyane tse. E na le lymphocytes, macrophages, le phatlohile libomo, lisele tse lero la mali, lisele tse palo, 'me lisele tse tšoeu mali sireletsa' mele ho tloha hlaselang lisele tse tsoang linaheng tse ling le ho hloekisa lisele senyehile ea phelang. Bakeng sa sebopeho sa lisele tse ea sesole sa 'mele le bona bo ikarabellang lisele tsa mmele nodes, thymus le dinama tse nyenyane tse (lymphoid) mantle a.

Ha letlalo gets bukkake senyehile ke baktheria kapa kokoana-hloko, e leng haufi le sebaka sa ho kenella ka hare ea lisele tsa mmele noute, le lisele tse tshireletso ya itšoara joang abelwa ea letoto la lihlooho tse lymphoid le macrophages, tse ba ile ba fallela hammoho le lisele tsa mmele le mali ka bonoa sebaka "mokhelo." Ka ketsahalo ke lefu la batho ba bangata, ha mabotho a ba e mong mohele lisele tsa mmele noute hloleha, tsamaiso eohle e lithuto sireletsehile maloetseng ana.

sebopeho

Lymphoid dinama tse nyenyane tse e atisa ho tshehetswa ka letlooeng la likhoele reticular mahala liseleng. netweke le ka 'na ba le motenya sebopeho (eaba ba etsa le teteaneng lesela) kapa hlephileng (le libaka moo mahala lisele tse ka re susumelletsa hore ka bolokolohi). The likhoele ho bona ka bobona ba thehoa ho tloha mofuta III collagen.

bokella sebaka

Le libakeng tseo kgonego phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba hore lintho tse phelang mojaki behoa accumulations kgolo ya dinama tse nyenyane tse lymphoid. Le tlwaetsego tonsils - lymphoid dinama tse nyenyane tse ea pharynx e behoa moeli le cavity molomo. Ba pharyngeal, Palatine, tube, le guttural. The pokello ea libakeng tsohle tsa tonsils le dinama tse nyenyane tse lymphoid ke nasopharynx.

mosebetsi oa oona ke ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa bophelo ba rōna, hobane e neutralizes oela ka tsona ka melomo le nko ea likokoana-hloko ena. Le hammoho le 'mele tse nang dinama tse nyenyane tse lymphoid dumella sebopeho sa palo e batlang ea lymphocytes bakeng sa phelang eohle.

Empa ha le felle ho, lymphoid dinama tse nyenyane tse ka 'metso ea le sebedisana ka le litsoelesa endocrine (adrenal, thyroid, thymus, manyeme), eaba ba etsa le kamano e haufi, "e leng pituitary - adrenal cortex - lymphatic dinama tse nyenyane tse" ho kena bonneng kapa bosaling ngwana.

hypertrophy ke eng

Ngoana ea lilemo tse tharo ho isa ho tse leshome ka ntshetsa pele hypertrophy ya dinama tse nyenyane tse lymphoid tsa tonsils, 'me tšebetso ea eona e sa robehile. Feela le e le qalo ea ho fetela bosaling, dinama tse nyenyane tse hypertrophied qala ho fokotseha.

Ha ke tsebe hantle hore na ho akarelletsa mokhoa ona, empa ho bakoa ke eng nkuwe a se - ho ruruha ea 'metso kapa tšoaetso, mafu a tse fapa-fapaneng endocrine. Hypertrophy ho ka etsa hore inflammations khafetsa kapa liphetoho pathological litsebeng ka, nko, 'metso.

Haeba tšoenngoa respiration nasal, fokolisa ventilation. Hamorao ho isa liphetoho ka mali - haemoglobin le khubelu count ya seleng ea mali fokotseha, lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali le ho eketseha ha palo. Ka mor'a moo, ba qala ho heletsa le tshilong ya dijo pampitšana mosebetsi, thyroid tsoelesa, litsoelesa adrenal. Tlōlo ea dithulaganyo tsohle isang tieho kgolo le ntshetsopele ya bokgoni ba ho kopanela liphate ba ngoana.

hyperplasia ke eng

Poleloana e reng "hyperplasia" o ile a re ho tloha ka puo ea Segerike le bolela sverhobrazovanie. Ka liboto tsa lona ke bolwetse seo lisele tse qala ho potlako atisa, ho eketsa molumo oa dinama tse nyenyane tse.

Empa hyperplasia ya dinama tse nyenyane tse lymphoid - hase lefu le empa letšoao. Karabelo ea phelang ho ho hlaha ha e tshwaetso kapa ho ruruha ka 'mele. Kwa, sena ke haholo-holo a sa bonahaleng ka nodes lisele tsa mmele. Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea hyperplasia tsa nodes lisele tsa mmele:

1. Tšoaetsanoang. Karabelo e angoa ke tshwaetso efe kapa efe ho etsa hore ho hlahisa lymphocytes le macrophages ka mokgwa wa le tiile, hona e etsa hore kgolo ya dinama tse nyenyane tse lymphoid.
2. Arabelang. Libaktheria le likokoana-hloko fumana ka noute lisele tsa mmele, ho ipokellela lihlahisoa tsa tsona lesupi, chefo secreted ke tsona, a etsa hore, le eena, ke tšobotsi e sebetsang lisele tse tlhopho macrophage.
3. Bolaeang. Ka mokhoa ona, leha e le pathological lisele tse lisele tsa mmele noute e ka ameha, e leng se lebisang ho phetoho ka boholo ba eona, sebopeho le struktuy.

Lymphoid dinama tse nyenyane tse - e mong oa metsoako e bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa boitshireletso ba mmele 'mele ea rōna. E thusa ho thibela mafu a mangata pele fumana tšoaetso ea ka hare ka lijo le moea. Ho etsa mesebetsi e meng, le mochine eo ho fihlela qetellong 'me ha e so ithutileng tsona.

Ka linako tse ling lymphoid dinama tse nyenyane tse e ba ruruhileng, le ho na le mafu a kang appendicitis, tonsillitis le ba bang (ho itšetlehile ka dinama tse nyenyane tse diriswa tsa lymphoid). hangata haholo maemong a joalo, lingaka li ba retelehela ho mekhoa ea ho buoa ea phekolo, ka mantsoe a mang, tlosa sebakeng se amehileng, kapa lekala. Ho tloha ka mesebetsi eohle ea mehaho e sa lymphoid ba sa kang ba tseba ka botlalo, ho ke ke ha khoneha ka ho feletseng ho pheha khang ea hore ho tlosa joalo ha e kotsi 'meleng oa motho.