Lintho tse bonahalang ke eng? Materialist - ke mang ee?

le materialist ke mang? Pele re sebetsana le khopolo ena, o lokela ho ba le kutloisiso ka tsa tlhaloso ea lintho tse bonahalang. Haholo-holo, mofuta ona oa monism filosofi, e bolelang hore ntho mantlha ke ntho ka tlhaho, 'me hore tsohle (ho akarelletsa le kelo-hloko le senohi) ke phello ea ho sebelisana' meleng. Ka lebaka leo, ho materialist - e le motšehetsi oa khopolo ea ho rata lintho tse bonahalang kapa ke mohlahlami oa eona.

Kamano le filosofi pono tse ling

Lintho tse bonahalang e haufi-ufi amanang le physicalism. Ena tataiso filosofi hlalosang lefatše leo ho lona libōpuoa tsohle motheo o tiileng ka fisiks le melao ea lona. Filosofi physicalism hole bile teng ba tsoa lintho tse bonahalang hobane thuto ea eona e amanang le se fumaneng 'meleng.

Lintho tse bonahalang e le felle ho saense hantle, ka khang ea hae ho na le feela sebaka-nako, matla 'meleng, taba lefifi, e leng matla le lintho tse ling generalized inahaneloang. Kahoo, sepheo e akaretsang ea mekhoa tsena, re ka ba bolela hore ba na le tse tšoanang, empa u se ke ua li sebelisa mantsoe ana ka ho fapanyetsana.

Ho na le mekhahlelo e 'meli e ka sehloohong ea maqhubu filosofi

Materialist - molateli oa lefatše filosofi, bao e leng sehlopha sa ontology monist, eo melao-motheo ea hanyetsa likhopolo tsa, dualism le pluralism. Re ka tsela e sireletsehileng ka bolela hore lintho tse bonahalang - ke pitikololo feletseng tsa likhopolo tsa. Ratang lintho tse bonahalang ba bolela taba e ka sehloohong le kelo-hloko e mahareng. Le idealists tsohle ba pheha khang ea se fapaneng.

Ho sa tsotellehe palo e kholo ea dikolong oa ho nahana le makolopetso poteletseng pakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli tsa sehlooho tsa filosofi e ntse e rata lintho tse bonahalang le likhopolo tsa. From lihlopha tsena e simolohe tsohle mefuta e meng ea lefatše e weave pota maikutlo a se seholo sa mokha oa thuto.

Ho boetse ho na le ikemetseng filosofi khopolo - e dualism: qetella ba lumela hore taba le kelo-hloko ho hlahisa ka ikemetseng e tšoanang le ea mehlaleng e mong le tse ling.

The-rafilosofi materialist

Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, Karl Marx le Friedrich Engels ba atolosoa taba ea lintho tse bonahalang, ntshetswa pele le lecha filosofi tataiso "dialectical rata lintho tse bonahalang" (selemo sa bo40). Leha ho le joalo, ha baa ka sebetsa jwalo telele. lebitso lena o ne a pele hlahiswa Iosif Ditsgen ka ka 1887.

Brief motheo oa lithuto tsa Marx le Engels ke hore motheo oa lefatše - ke taba, 'me ka ilibana - thepa ea eona. Movement le ntshetsopele ea lefatše, e le lintho tse bonahalang dialectical, ke liphello tsa likhanyetsano tsa moea. Targeted melao "dialectical rata lintho tse bonahalang" (khutsufalitsoe) ke - botšepehi ba le khohlano ea malatodi, ho sublimation tsa ditirisanommogo ho boleng jo liphetoho, molao oa "negation tsa negation."

Mogopolofela mohloli oa lintho tse bonahalang dialectical e nkoa ho nyatsa-nyatsa ntlafalitsoeng ea dialectic latelang likhopolo tsa Hegel le filosofi thuto ea lintho tse bonahalang tsa Feuerbach.

Famous Russia ratang lintho tse bonahalang - ke ho re:

• Varfolomey Zaytsev (a phela 1842-1878) - e tsebahalang dingolwa liphoso le 60s nihilist ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo.
• Nikolai Kareev (a phela 1850-1931) - setsebi litabeng tsa kahisano, rafilosofi. Libaka tse Hloahloa tsa tsebahala ka mosebetsi oa hae: "filosofi ea histori ea setso le ea sechaba ea mehleng ea kajeno", "Khale le lithuto tse ncha ka lintho tse bonahalang a moruo".
• Matvey Troitsky (a phela 1835-1899) - moemeli oa filosofi ea bonahetseng Russia. Mothehi oa pele "Moscow Psychological Society." Mosebetsi ho fetisisa ka tsela e hlollang, e hlalosa lintho tsa motheo tsa lintho tse bonahalang - ke "moqoqo bala ka metaphysics Professor Lotze."
• Dmitri Pisarev (a phela 1840-1868) - ea tummeng Revolutionary modemokrate, essayist le bongoling liphoso. E mong oa baemeli ba hlaheletseng ka ho fetisisa oa "sixties".
• Nikolay Dobrolyubov (a phela 1836-1861) - e Revolutionary modemokrate, seroki le essayist. A molateli la lintho tse bonahalang, empiricism le kwalwang egoism. O pheha khang ea hore leha e le efe e priori matla ke tšōmo, le phahametse oa bokahohle - ke taba.

ke eng akhaontente-materialist?

Na u kile ua utloa ka mosebetsi o joalo? ke mang ee? Sena Ngaka akhaontente ya godimo mangolo boemo ba ofisi ea lintho tse bonahalang le boikarabello ho khampani. foreime Sena ke le boikarabelo ba ho libakeng tseo ba mosebetsi le boikarabello, e leng seo e khomaretse, e le hore motho a nang le boikarabelo.

Lebitso la mosebetsi ona ha o na letho ho etsa le lifilosofi le mekhoa. "Akhaontente materialist" - ena ke feela lebitso le akaretsang bakeng sa basebetsi ofising boikarabello bao mesebetsi e ka kenyeletsa dikarolo tse fapa-fapaneng, ho itšetlehile ka ho pharalla ha mesebetsi ya kgwebo ya.